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H3K9me1 polyclonal antibody (sample size)

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Negative IgG control

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Catalog Number

Format

Price

C15410065-10
(pAb-065-050)

10 µg

$115.00
Bulk order

Other format

C15410065

50 µg/43 µl

Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against histone H3 containing the monomethylated lysine 9 (H3K9me1), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.

Lot	A89-0041
Concentration	1.17 µg/µl
Species reactivity	Human, Nematodes
Type	Polyclonal
Purity	Affinity purified
Host	Rabbit
Precautions	This product is for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Applications	Suggested dilution	References
ChIP ^*	1 μg/ChIP	Fig 1
ELISA	1:500 - 1:1,000	Fig 2
Dot Blotting	1:20,000	Fig 3
Western Blotting	1:1,000	Fig 4

^* Please note that of the optimal antibody amount per IP should be determined by the end-user. We recommend testing 1-5 μg per IP.

Characteristics

Figure 1 ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1
ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (Cat. No. kch-maglow-016), using sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells. Respectively 1 and 5 μg of the antibody and 5 μg of IgG (negative IP control) were used per ChIP experiment. QPCR was performed with primers for the GAPDH promoter and for the inactive gene MYOD. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that H3K9me1 is preferably present at silent genes.

Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer
To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against human H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:68,000.

Figure 3 Cross reactivity test of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1
A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) with peptides containing other modifications and the unmodified sequence of histone H3. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.

Figure 4 Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1
Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.
Target Description
Histones are the main constituents of the protein part of chromosomes of eukaryotic cells. They are rich in the amino acids arginine and lysine and have been greatly conserved during evolution. Histones pack the DNA into tight masses of chromatin. Two core histones of each class H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assemble and are wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA to form one octameric nucleosome. Histone tails undergo numerous post-translational modifications, which either directly or indirectly alter chromatin structure to facilitate transcriptional activation or repression or other nuclear processes. In addition to the genetic code, combinations of the different histone modifications reveal the so-called “histone code”. Histone methylation and demethylation is dynamically regulated by respectively histone methyl transferases and histone demethylases. Methylation of histone H3K9 is associated with gene repression..

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The histone demethylase JMJD2A/KDM4A links ribosomal RNA transcription to nutrients and growth factors availability
Salifou K, Ray S, Verrier L, Aguirrebengoa M, Trouche D, Panov KI, Vandromme M
The interplay between methylation and demethylation of histone lysine residues is an essential component of gene expression regulation and there is considerable interest in elucidating the roles of proteins involved. Here we report that histone demethylase KDM4A/JMJD2A, which is involved in the regulation of cell pr...

Germline organization in Strongyloides nematodes reveals alternative differentiation and regulation mechanisms.
Kulkarni A et al.
Nematodes of the genus Strongyloides are important parasites of vertebrates including man. Currently, little is known about their germline organization or reproductive biology and how this influences their parasitic life strategies. Here, we analyze the structure of the germline in several Strongyloides and closely ...

The histone demethylase enzyme KDM3A is a key estrogen receptor regulator in breast cancer.
Wade MA, Jones D, Wilson L, Stockley J, Coffey K, Robson CN, Gaughan L
Endocrine therapy has successfully been used to treat estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, but this invariably fails with cancers becoming refractory to treatment. Emerging evidence has suggested that fluctuations in ER co-regulatory protein expression may facilitate resistance to therapy and be involved i...

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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the &ldquo;LowCell# ChIP&rdquo; kit (Cat. No. kch-maglow-016), using sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells. Respectively 1 and 5 &mu;g of the antibody and 5 &mu;g of IgG (negative IP control) were used per ChIP experiment. QPCR was performed with primers for the GAPDH promoter and for the inactive gene MYOD. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that H3K9me1 is preferably present at silent genes. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against human H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:68,000. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Cross reactivity test of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) with peptides containing other modifications and the unmodified sequence of histone H3. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4 Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 &mu;g) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig4.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the &ldquo;LowCell# ChIP&rdquo; kit (Cat. No. kch-maglow-016), using sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells. Respectively 1 and 5 &mu;g of the antibody and 5 &mu;g of IgG (negative IP control) were used per ChIP experiment. QPCR was performed with primers for the GAPDH promoter and for the inactive gene MYOD. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that H3K9me1 is preferably present at silent genes. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against human H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:68,000. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig2.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Cross reactivity test of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) with peptides containing other modifications and the unmodified sequence of histone H3. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig3.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Western blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4 Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 &mu;g) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
<p><em></em>Check our selection of antibodies validated in Western blot.</p>',
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			'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">All Diagenode&rsquo;s antibodies are listed below. Please, use our Quick search field to find the antibody of interest by target name, application, purity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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			'meta_title' => 'Diagenode's selection of Antibodies is exclusively dedicated for Epigenetic Research | Diagenode',
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			'description' => '<h1><strong>Validated epigenetics antibodies</strong>&nbsp;&ndash; care for a sample?<br />&nbsp;</h1>
<p>Diagenode has partnered with leading epigenetics experts and numerous epigenetics consortiums to bring to you a validated and comprehensive collection of epigenetic antibodies. As an expert in epigenetics, we are committed to offering highly-specific antibodies validated for ChIP/ChIP-seq and many other applications. All batch-specific validation data is available on our website.<br /><a href="../categories/antibodies">Read about our expertise in antibody production</a>.</p>
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<li><strong>Focused</strong> -&nbsp;Diagenode's selection of antibodies is exclusively dedicated for epigenetic research. <a title="See the full collection." href="../categories/all-antibodies">See the full collection.</a></li>
<li><strong>Strict quality standards</strong>&nbsp;with rigorous QC and validation</li>
<li><strong>Classified</strong>&nbsp;based on level of validation for flexibility of application</li>
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<p>Existing sample sizes are listed below. We will soon expand our collection. &nbsp;Are you looking for a sample size of another antibody? Just <a href="mailto:agnieszka.zelisko@diagenode.com?Subject=Sample%20Size%20Request" target="_top">Contact us</a>.</p>',
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			'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome.&nbsp; They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include&nbsp; methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation.&nbsp; The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>&rdquo;, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our&nbsp; antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode&rsquo;s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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<div class="small-12 columns"><center></center>
<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
<p></p>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>).&nbsp;</p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-6 large-6 columns"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410003-fig1-ChIP.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="315" />&nbsp;</div>
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<p></p>
<p></p>
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<p>Our aim at Diagenode is to offer the largest collection of highly specific <strong>ChIP-grade antibodies</strong>. We add new antibodies monthly. Find your ChIP-grade antibody in the list below and check more information about tested applications, extensive validation data, and product information.</p>',
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			'authors' => 'Salifou K, Ray S, Verrier L, Aguirrebengoa M, Trouche D, Panov KI, Vandromme M',
			'description' => '<p>The interplay between methylation and demethylation of histone lysine residues is an essential component of gene expression regulation and there is considerable interest in elucidating the roles of proteins involved. Here we report that histone demethylase KDM4A/JMJD2A, which is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and is overexpressed in some cancers, interacts with RNA Polymerase I, associates with active ribosomal RNA genes and is required for serum-induced activation of rDNA transcription. We propose that KDM4A controls the initial stages of transition from 'poised', non-transcribed rDNA chromatin into its active form. We show that PI3K, a major signalling transducer central for cell proliferation and survival, controls cellular localization of KDM4A and consequently its association with ribosomal DNA through the SGK1 downstream kinase. We propose that the interplay between PI3K/SGK1 signalling cascade and KDM4A constitutes a mechanism by which cells adapt ribosome biogenesis level to the availability of growth factors and nutrients.</p>',
			'date' => '2016-01-05',
			'pmid' => 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26729372',
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			'name' => 'Germline organization in Strongyloides nematodes reveals alternative differentiation and regulation mechanisms.',
			'authors' => 'Kulkarni A et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Nematodes of the genus Strongyloides are important parasites of vertebrates including man. Currently, little is known about their germline organization or reproductive biology and how this influences their parasitic life strategies. Here, we analyze the structure of the germline in several Strongyloides and closely related species and uncover striking differences in the development, germline organization, and fluid dynamics compared to the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. With a focus on Strongyloides ratti, we reveal that the proliferation of germ cells is restricted to early and mid-larval development, thus limiting the number of progeny. In order to understand key germline events (specifically germ cell progression and the transcriptional status of the germline), we monitored conserved histone modifications, in particular H3Pser10 and H3K4me3. The evolutionary significance of these events is subsequently highlighted through comparisons with six other nematode species, revealing underlying complexities and variations in the development of the germline among nematodes</p>',
			'date' => '2015-12-12',
			'pmid' => 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26661737',
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			'name' => 'The histone demethylase enzyme KDM3A is a key estrogen receptor regulator in breast cancer.',
			'authors' => 'Wade MA, Jones D, Wilson L, Stockley J, Coffey K, Robson CN, Gaughan L',
			'description' => '<p>Endocrine therapy has successfully been used to treat estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, but this invariably fails with cancers becoming refractory to treatment. Emerging evidence has suggested that fluctuations in ER co-regulatory protein expression may facilitate resistance to therapy and be involved in breast cancer progression. To date, a small number of enzymes that control methylation status of histones have been identified as co-regulators of ER signalling. We have identified the histone H3 lysine 9 mono- and di-methyl demethylase enzyme KDM3A as a positive regulator of ER activity. Here, we demonstrate that depletion of KDM3A by RNAi abrogates the recruitment of the ER to cis-regulatory elements within target gene promoters, thereby inhibiting estrogen-induced gene expression changes. Global gene expression analysis of KDM3A-depleted cells identified gene clusters associated with cell growth. Consistent with this, we show that knockdown of KDM3A reduces ER-positive cell proliferation and demonstrate that KDM3A is required for growth in a model of endocrine therapy-resistant disease. Crucially, we show that KDM3A catalytic activity is required for both ER-target gene expression and cell growth, demonstrating that developing compounds which target demethylase enzymatic activity may be efficacious in treating both ER-positive and endocrine therapy-resistant disease.</p>',
			'date' => '2015-01-09',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25488809',
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the &ldquo;LowCell# ChIP&rdquo; kit (Cat. No. kch-maglow-016), using sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells. Respectively 1 and 5 &mu;g of the antibody and 5 &mu;g of IgG (negative IP control) were used per ChIP experiment. QPCR was performed with primers for the GAPDH promoter and for the inactive gene MYOD. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that H3K9me1 is preferably present at silent genes. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against human H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:68,000. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Cross reactivity test of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) with peptides containing other modifications and the unmodified sequence of histone H3. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4 Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 &mu;g) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4 Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 &mu;g) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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include - APP/View/Products/view.ctp, line 755
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
ProductsController::slug() - APP/Controller/ProductsController.php, line 1052
ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ??
Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 491
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 193
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 118

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<td>1 μg/ChIP</td>
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		'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against <strong>histone H3</strong> containing the <strong>monomethylated lysine 9</strong> (<strong>H3K9me1</strong>), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the &ldquo;LowCell# ChIP&rdquo; kit (Cat. No. kch-maglow-016), using sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells. Respectively 1 and 5 &mu;g of the antibody and 5 &mu;g of IgG (negative IP control) were used per ChIP experiment. QPCR was performed with primers for the GAPDH promoter and for the inactive gene MYOD. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that H3K9me1 is preferably present at silent genes. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against human H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:68,000. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig2.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Cross reactivity test of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) with peptides containing other modifications and the unmodified sequence of histone H3. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4 Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 &mu;g) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<td>1 μg/ChIP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
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<td>Fig 3</td>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the &ldquo;LowCell# ChIP&rdquo; kit (Cat. No. kch-maglow-016), using sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells. Respectively 1 and 5 &mu;g of the antibody and 5 &mu;g of IgG (negative IP control) were used per ChIP experiment. QPCR was performed with primers for the GAPDH promoter and for the inactive gene MYOD. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that H3K9me1 is preferably present at silent genes. </small></p>
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig1.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ELISA validation" caption="false" width="288" height="241" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against human H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:68,000. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig2.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Cross reactivity test of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) with peptides containing other modifications and the unmodified sequence of histone H3. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig3.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Western blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4 Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 &mu;g) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
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			'description' => '<p>Dot blotting</p>',
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			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibodies for Dot blotting applications',
			'meta_title' => 'Dot blotting Antibodies - Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibody | Diagenode',
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			'slug' => 'chip-qpcr-antibodies',
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			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers a wide range of antibodies and technical support for ChIP-qPCR applications',
			'meta_title' => 'ChIP Quantitative PCR  Antibodies (ChIP-qPCR) | Diagenode',
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			'name' => 'All antibodies',
			'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">All Diagenode&rsquo;s antibodies are listed below. Please, use our Quick search field to find the antibody of interest by target name, application, purity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode Offers Strict quality standards with Rigorous QC and validated Antibodies. Classified based on level of validation for flexibility of Application. Comprehensive selection of histone and non-histone Antibodies',
			'meta_title' => 'Diagenode's selection of Antibodies is exclusively dedicated for Epigenetic Research | Diagenode',
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			'name' => 'Sample size antibodies',
			'description' => '<h1><strong>Validated epigenetics antibodies</strong>&nbsp;&ndash; care for a sample?<br />&nbsp;</h1>
<p>Diagenode has partnered with leading epigenetics experts and numerous epigenetics consortiums to bring to you a validated and comprehensive collection of epigenetic antibodies. As an expert in epigenetics, we are committed to offering highly-specific antibodies validated for ChIP/ChIP-seq and many other applications. All batch-specific validation data is available on our website.<br /><a href="../categories/antibodies">Read about our expertise in antibody production</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Focused</strong> -&nbsp;Diagenode's selection of antibodies is exclusively dedicated for epigenetic research. <a title="See the full collection." href="../categories/all-antibodies">See the full collection.</a></li>
<li><strong>Strict quality standards</strong>&nbsp;with rigorous QC and validation</li>
<li><strong>Classified</strong>&nbsp;based on level of validation for flexibility of application</li>
</ul>
<p>Existing sample sizes are listed below. We will soon expand our collection. &nbsp;Are you looking for a sample size of another antibody? Just <a href="mailto:agnieszka.zelisko@diagenode.com?Subject=Sample%20Size%20Request" target="_top">Contact us</a>.</p>',
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			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers sample volume on selected antibodies for researchers to test, validate and provide confidence and flexibility in choosing from our wide range of antibodies ',
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			'name' => 'Histone antibodies',
			'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome.&nbsp; They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include&nbsp; methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation.&nbsp; The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>&rdquo;, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our&nbsp; antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode&rsquo;s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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			'name' => 'ChIP-grade antibodies',
			'description' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center></center>
<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>).&nbsp;</p>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 medium-6 large-6 columns"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410003-fig1-ChIP.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="315" />&nbsp;</div>
<div class="small-12 medium-6 large-6 columns">
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p></p>
<p>Our aim at Diagenode is to offer the largest collection of highly specific <strong>ChIP-grade antibodies</strong>. We add new antibodies monthly. Find your ChIP-grade antibody in the list below and check more information about tested applications, extensive validation data, and product information.</p>',
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			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode Offers Extensively Validated ChIP-Grade Antibodies, Confirmed for their Specificity, and high level of Performance in Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP',
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			'description' => '<p>More than in any other immuoprecipitation assays, quality antibodies are critical tools in many epigenetics experiments. Since 10 years, Diagenode has developed the most stringent quality production available on the market for antibodies exclusively focused on epigenetic uses. All our antibodies have been qualified to work in epigenetic applications.</p>',
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			'description' => '<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Epigenetic research tools have evolved over time from endpoint PCR to qPCR to the analyses of large sets of genome-wide sequencing data. ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) has now become the gold standard method for chromatin studies, given the accuracy and coverage scale of the approach over other methods. Successful ChIP-seq, however, requires a higher level of experimental accuracy and consistency in all steps of ChIP than ever before. Particularly crucial is the quality of ChIP antibodies. </span></p>',
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			'authors' => 'Salifou K, Ray S, Verrier L, Aguirrebengoa M, Trouche D, Panov KI, Vandromme M',
			'description' => '<p>The interplay between methylation and demethylation of histone lysine residues is an essential component of gene expression regulation and there is considerable interest in elucidating the roles of proteins involved. Here we report that histone demethylase KDM4A/JMJD2A, which is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and is overexpressed in some cancers, interacts with RNA Polymerase I, associates with active ribosomal RNA genes and is required for serum-induced activation of rDNA transcription. We propose that KDM4A controls the initial stages of transition from 'poised', non-transcribed rDNA chromatin into its active form. We show that PI3K, a major signalling transducer central for cell proliferation and survival, controls cellular localization of KDM4A and consequently its association with ribosomal DNA through the SGK1 downstream kinase. We propose that the interplay between PI3K/SGK1 signalling cascade and KDM4A constitutes a mechanism by which cells adapt ribosome biogenesis level to the availability of growth factors and nutrients.</p>',
			'date' => '2016-01-05',
			'pmid' => 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26729372',
			'doi' => '10.1038/ncomms10174',
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			'id' => '2960',
			'name' => 'Germline organization in Strongyloides nematodes reveals alternative differentiation and regulation mechanisms.',
			'authors' => 'Kulkarni A et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Nematodes of the genus Strongyloides are important parasites of vertebrates including man. Currently, little is known about their germline organization or reproductive biology and how this influences their parasitic life strategies. Here, we analyze the structure of the germline in several Strongyloides and closely related species and uncover striking differences in the development, germline organization, and fluid dynamics compared to the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. With a focus on Strongyloides ratti, we reveal that the proliferation of germ cells is restricted to early and mid-larval development, thus limiting the number of progeny. In order to understand key germline events (specifically germ cell progression and the transcriptional status of the germline), we monitored conserved histone modifications, in particular H3Pser10 and H3K4me3. The evolutionary significance of these events is subsequently highlighted through comparisons with six other nematode species, revealing underlying complexities and variations in the development of the germline among nematodes</p>',
			'date' => '2015-12-12',
			'pmid' => 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26661737',
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			'name' => 'The histone demethylase enzyme KDM3A is a key estrogen receptor regulator in breast cancer.',
			'authors' => 'Wade MA, Jones D, Wilson L, Stockley J, Coffey K, Robson CN, Gaughan L',
			'description' => '<p>Endocrine therapy has successfully been used to treat estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, but this invariably fails with cancers becoming refractory to treatment. Emerging evidence has suggested that fluctuations in ER co-regulatory protein expression may facilitate resistance to therapy and be involved in breast cancer progression. To date, a small number of enzymes that control methylation status of histones have been identified as co-regulators of ER signalling. We have identified the histone H3 lysine 9 mono- and di-methyl demethylase enzyme KDM3A as a positive regulator of ER activity. Here, we demonstrate that depletion of KDM3A by RNAi abrogates the recruitment of the ER to cis-regulatory elements within target gene promoters, thereby inhibiting estrogen-induced gene expression changes. Global gene expression analysis of KDM3A-depleted cells identified gene clusters associated with cell growth. Consistent with this, we show that knockdown of KDM3A reduces ER-positive cell proliferation and demonstrate that KDM3A is required for growth in a model of endocrine therapy-resistant disease. Crucially, we show that KDM3A catalytic activity is required for both ER-target gene expression and cell growth, demonstrating that developing compounds which target demethylase enzymatic activity may be efficacious in treating both ER-positive and endocrine therapy-resistant disease.</p>',
			'date' => '2015-01-09',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25488809',
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4 Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 &mu;g) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
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View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
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ProductsController::slug() - APP/Controller/ProductsController.php, line 1052
ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ??
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Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
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<td>1 μg/ChIP</td>
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<small><sup>*</sup> Please note that of the optimal antibody amount per IP should be determined by the end-user. We recommend testing 1-5 μg per IP.</small>',
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig4.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the &ldquo;LowCell# ChIP&rdquo; kit (Cat. No. kch-maglow-016), using sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells. Respectively 1 and 5 &mu;g of the antibody and 5 &mu;g of IgG (negative IP control) were used per ChIP experiment. QPCR was performed with primers for the GAPDH promoter and for the inactive gene MYOD. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that H3K9me1 is preferably present at silent genes. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against human H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:68,000. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Cross reactivity test of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) with peptides containing other modifications and the unmodified sequence of histone H3. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig3.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Western blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4 Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 &mu;g) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<td>1 μg/ChIP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
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<td>1:500 - 1:1,000</td>
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<td>1:20,000</td>
<td>Fig 3</td>
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			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against <strong>histone H3</strong> containing the <strong>monomethylated lysine 9</strong> (<strong>H3K9me1</strong>), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the &ldquo;LowCell# ChIP&rdquo; kit (Cat. No. kch-maglow-016), using sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells. Respectively 1 and 5 &mu;g of the antibody and 5 &mu;g of IgG (negative IP control) were used per ChIP experiment. QPCR was performed with primers for the GAPDH promoter and for the inactive gene MYOD. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that H3K9me1 is preferably present at silent genes. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig1.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ELISA validation" caption="false" width="288" height="241" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against human H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:68,000. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig2.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Cross reactivity test of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) with peptides containing other modifications and the unmodified sequence of histone H3. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig3.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Western blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4 Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 &mu;g) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
<p><em></em>Check our selection of antibodies validated in Western blot.</p>',
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
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<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
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			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode Offers Strict quality standards with Rigorous QC and validated Antibodies. Classified based on level of validation for flexibility of Application. Comprehensive selection of histone and non-histone Antibodies',
			'meta_title' => 'Diagenode's selection of Antibodies is exclusively dedicated for Epigenetic Research | Diagenode',
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			'description' => '<h1><strong>Validated epigenetics antibodies</strong>&nbsp;&ndash; care for a sample?<br />&nbsp;</h1>
<p>Diagenode has partnered with leading epigenetics experts and numerous epigenetics consortiums to bring to you a validated and comprehensive collection of epigenetic antibodies. As an expert in epigenetics, we are committed to offering highly-specific antibodies validated for ChIP/ChIP-seq and many other applications. All batch-specific validation data is available on our website.<br /><a href="../categories/antibodies">Read about our expertise in antibody production</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Focused</strong> -&nbsp;Diagenode's selection of antibodies is exclusively dedicated for epigenetic research. <a title="See the full collection." href="../categories/all-antibodies">See the full collection.</a></li>
<li><strong>Strict quality standards</strong>&nbsp;with rigorous QC and validation</li>
<li><strong>Classified</strong>&nbsp;based on level of validation for flexibility of application</li>
</ul>
<p>Existing sample sizes are listed below. We will soon expand our collection. &nbsp;Are you looking for a sample size of another antibody? Just <a href="mailto:agnieszka.zelisko@diagenode.com?Subject=Sample%20Size%20Request" target="_top">Contact us</a>.</p>',
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			'name' => 'Histone antibodies',
			'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome.&nbsp; They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include&nbsp; methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation.&nbsp; The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>&rdquo;, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our&nbsp; antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode&rsquo;s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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<div class="small-12 columns"><center></center>
<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
<p></p>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>).&nbsp;</p>
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<p>Our aim at Diagenode is to offer the largest collection of highly specific <strong>ChIP-grade antibodies</strong>. We add new antibodies monthly. Find your ChIP-grade antibody in the list below and check more information about tested applications, extensive validation data, and product information.</p>',
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			'description' => '<p>The interplay between methylation and demethylation of histone lysine residues is an essential component of gene expression regulation and there is considerable interest in elucidating the roles of proteins involved. Here we report that histone demethylase KDM4A/JMJD2A, which is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and is overexpressed in some cancers, interacts with RNA Polymerase I, associates with active ribosomal RNA genes and is required for serum-induced activation of rDNA transcription. We propose that KDM4A controls the initial stages of transition from 'poised', non-transcribed rDNA chromatin into its active form. We show that PI3K, a major signalling transducer central for cell proliferation and survival, controls cellular localization of KDM4A and consequently its association with ribosomal DNA through the SGK1 downstream kinase. We propose that the interplay between PI3K/SGK1 signalling cascade and KDM4A constitutes a mechanism by which cells adapt ribosome biogenesis level to the availability of growth factors and nutrients.</p>',
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			'description' => '<p>Nematodes of the genus Strongyloides are important parasites of vertebrates including man. Currently, little is known about their germline organization or reproductive biology and how this influences their parasitic life strategies. Here, we analyze the structure of the germline in several Strongyloides and closely related species and uncover striking differences in the development, germline organization, and fluid dynamics compared to the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. With a focus on Strongyloides ratti, we reveal that the proliferation of germ cells is restricted to early and mid-larval development, thus limiting the number of progeny. In order to understand key germline events (specifically germ cell progression and the transcriptional status of the germline), we monitored conserved histone modifications, in particular H3Pser10 and H3K4me3. The evolutionary significance of these events is subsequently highlighted through comparisons with six other nematode species, revealing underlying complexities and variations in the development of the germline among nematodes</p>',
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			'description' => '<p>Endocrine therapy has successfully been used to treat estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, but this invariably fails with cancers becoming refractory to treatment. Emerging evidence has suggested that fluctuations in ER co-regulatory protein expression may facilitate resistance to therapy and be involved in breast cancer progression. To date, a small number of enzymes that control methylation status of histones have been identified as co-regulators of ER signalling. We have identified the histone H3 lysine 9 mono- and di-methyl demethylase enzyme KDM3A as a positive regulator of ER activity. Here, we demonstrate that depletion of KDM3A by RNAi abrogates the recruitment of the ER to cis-regulatory elements within target gene promoters, thereby inhibiting estrogen-induced gene expression changes. Global gene expression analysis of KDM3A-depleted cells identified gene clusters associated with cell growth. Consistent with this, we show that knockdown of KDM3A reduces ER-positive cell proliferation and demonstrate that KDM3A is required for growth in a model of endocrine therapy-resistant disease. Crucially, we show that KDM3A catalytic activity is required for both ER-target gene expression and cell growth, demonstrating that developing compounds which target demethylase enzymatic activity may be efficacious in treating both ER-positive and endocrine therapy-resistant disease.</p>',
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		'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against <strong>histone H3</strong> containing the <strong>monomethylated lysine 9</strong> (<strong>H3K9me1</strong>), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig4.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the &ldquo;LowCell# ChIP&rdquo; kit (Cat. No. kch-maglow-016), using sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells. Respectively 1 and 5 &mu;g of the antibody and 5 &mu;g of IgG (negative IP control) were used per ChIP experiment. QPCR was performed with primers for the GAPDH promoter and for the inactive gene MYOD. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that H3K9me1 is preferably present at silent genes. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig1.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ELISA validation" caption="false" width="288" height="241" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against human H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:68,000. </small></p>
</div>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig2.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Cross reactivity test of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) with peptides containing other modifications and the unmodified sequence of histone H3. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig3.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Western blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4 Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 &mu;g) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
</div>
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	'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against <strong>histone H3</strong> containing the <strong>monomethylated lysine 9</strong> (<strong>H3K9me1</strong>), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the &ldquo;LowCell# ChIP&rdquo; kit (Cat. No. kch-maglow-016), using sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells. Respectively 1 and 5 &mu;g of the antibody and 5 &mu;g of IgG (negative IP control) were used per ChIP experiment. QPCR was performed with primers for the GAPDH promoter and for the inactive gene MYOD. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that H3K9me1 is preferably present at silent genes. </small></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against human H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:68,000. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig2.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Cross reactivity test of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) with peptides containing other modifications and the unmodified sequence of histone H3. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig3.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Western blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4 Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 &mu;g) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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	'authors' => 'Wade MA, Jones D, Wilson L, Stockley J, Coffey K, Robson CN, Gaughan L',
	'description' => '<p>Endocrine therapy has successfully been used to treat estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, but this invariably fails with cancers becoming refractory to treatment. Emerging evidence has suggested that fluctuations in ER co-regulatory protein expression may facilitate resistance to therapy and be involved in breast cancer progression. To date, a small number of enzymes that control methylation status of histones have been identified as co-regulators of ER signalling. We have identified the histone H3 lysine 9 mono- and di-methyl demethylase enzyme KDM3A as a positive regulator of ER activity. Here, we demonstrate that depletion of KDM3A by RNAi abrogates the recruitment of the ER to cis-regulatory elements within target gene promoters, thereby inhibiting estrogen-induced gene expression changes. Global gene expression analysis of KDM3A-depleted cells identified gene clusters associated with cell growth. Consistent with this, we show that knockdown of KDM3A reduces ER-positive cell proliferation and demonstrate that KDM3A is required for growth in a model of endocrine therapy-resistant disease. Crucially, we show that KDM3A catalytic activity is required for both ER-target gene expression and cell growth, demonstrating that developing compounds which target demethylase enzymatic activity may be efficacious in treating both ER-positive and endocrine therapy-resistant disease.</p>',
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include - APP/View/Products/view.ctp, line 755
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
ProductsController::slug() - APP/Controller/ProductsController.php, line 1052
ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ??
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Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
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<thead>
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<th>Suggested dilution</th>
<th>References</th>
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<td>1 μg/ChIP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
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<td>ELISA</td>
<td>1:500 - 1:1,000</td>
<td>Fig 2</td>
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<td>Dot Blotting</td>
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<td>Fig 3</td>
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<td>Western Blotting</td>
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<td>Fig 4</td>
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<small><sup>*</sup> Please note that of the optimal antibody amount per IP should be determined by the end-user. We recommend testing 1-5 μg per IP.</small>',
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig4.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the &ldquo;LowCell# ChIP&rdquo; kit (Cat. No. kch-maglow-016), using sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells. Respectively 1 and 5 &mu;g of the antibody and 5 &mu;g of IgG (negative IP control) were used per ChIP experiment. QPCR was performed with primers for the GAPDH promoter and for the inactive gene MYOD. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that H3K9me1 is preferably present at silent genes. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig1.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ELISA validation" caption="false" width="288" height="241" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against human H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:68,000. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Cross reactivity test of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) with peptides containing other modifications and the unmodified sequence of histone H3. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig3.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Western blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4 Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 &mu;g) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<thead>
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<th>References</th>
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<td>ChIP <sup>*</sup> </td>
<td>1 μg/ChIP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
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<tr>
<td>ELISA</td>
<td>1:500 - 1:1,000</td>
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<td>Dot Blotting</td>
<td>1:20,000</td>
<td>Fig 3</td>
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<td>Western Blotting</td>
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<td>Fig 4</td>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the &ldquo;LowCell# ChIP&rdquo; kit (Cat. No. kch-maglow-016), using sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells. Respectively 1 and 5 &mu;g of the antibody and 5 &mu;g of IgG (negative IP control) were used per ChIP experiment. QPCR was performed with primers for the GAPDH promoter and for the inactive gene MYOD. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that H3K9me1 is preferably present at silent genes. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig1.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ELISA validation" caption="false" width="288" height="241" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against human H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:68,000. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig2.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Cross reactivity test of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) with peptides containing other modifications and the unmodified sequence of histone H3. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig3.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Western blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4 Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 &mu;g) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
<p><em></em>Check our selection of antibodies validated in Western blot.</p>',
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
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<p>Diagenode has partnered with leading epigenetics experts and numerous epigenetics consortiums to bring to you a validated and comprehensive collection of epigenetic antibodies. As an expert in epigenetics, we are committed to offering highly-specific antibodies validated for ChIP/ChIP-seq and many other applications. All batch-specific validation data is available on our website.<br /><a href="../categories/antibodies">Read about our expertise in antibody production</a>.</p>
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<li><strong>Focused</strong> -&nbsp;Diagenode's selection of antibodies is exclusively dedicated for epigenetic research. <a title="See the full collection." href="../categories/all-antibodies">See the full collection.</a></li>
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			'name' => 'Histone antibodies',
			'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome.&nbsp; They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include&nbsp; methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation.&nbsp; The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>&rdquo;, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our&nbsp; antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode&rsquo;s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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			'meta_description' => 'Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies against Histones and their modifications validated for many applications, including Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and ChIP-Sequencing (ChIP-seq)',
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<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
<p></p>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>).&nbsp;</p>
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<p>Our aim at Diagenode is to offer the largest collection of highly specific <strong>ChIP-grade antibodies</strong>. We add new antibodies monthly. Find your ChIP-grade antibody in the list below and check more information about tested applications, extensive validation data, and product information.</p>',
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			'description' => '<p>The interplay between methylation and demethylation of histone lysine residues is an essential component of gene expression regulation and there is considerable interest in elucidating the roles of proteins involved. Here we report that histone demethylase KDM4A/JMJD2A, which is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and is overexpressed in some cancers, interacts with RNA Polymerase I, associates with active ribosomal RNA genes and is required for serum-induced activation of rDNA transcription. We propose that KDM4A controls the initial stages of transition from 'poised', non-transcribed rDNA chromatin into its active form. We show that PI3K, a major signalling transducer central for cell proliferation and survival, controls cellular localization of KDM4A and consequently its association with ribosomal DNA through the SGK1 downstream kinase. We propose that the interplay between PI3K/SGK1 signalling cascade and KDM4A constitutes a mechanism by which cells adapt ribosome biogenesis level to the availability of growth factors and nutrients.</p>',
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			'description' => '<p>Nematodes of the genus Strongyloides are important parasites of vertebrates including man. Currently, little is known about their germline organization or reproductive biology and how this influences their parasitic life strategies. Here, we analyze the structure of the germline in several Strongyloides and closely related species and uncover striking differences in the development, germline organization, and fluid dynamics compared to the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. With a focus on Strongyloides ratti, we reveal that the proliferation of germ cells is restricted to early and mid-larval development, thus limiting the number of progeny. In order to understand key germline events (specifically germ cell progression and the transcriptional status of the germline), we monitored conserved histone modifications, in particular H3Pser10 and H3K4me3. The evolutionary significance of these events is subsequently highlighted through comparisons with six other nematode species, revealing underlying complexities and variations in the development of the germline among nematodes</p>',
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			'description' => '<p>Endocrine therapy has successfully been used to treat estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, but this invariably fails with cancers becoming refractory to treatment. Emerging evidence has suggested that fluctuations in ER co-regulatory protein expression may facilitate resistance to therapy and be involved in breast cancer progression. To date, a small number of enzymes that control methylation status of histones have been identified as co-regulators of ER signalling. We have identified the histone H3 lysine 9 mono- and di-methyl demethylase enzyme KDM3A as a positive regulator of ER activity. Here, we demonstrate that depletion of KDM3A by RNAi abrogates the recruitment of the ER to cis-regulatory elements within target gene promoters, thereby inhibiting estrogen-induced gene expression changes. Global gene expression analysis of KDM3A-depleted cells identified gene clusters associated with cell growth. Consistent with this, we show that knockdown of KDM3A reduces ER-positive cell proliferation and demonstrate that KDM3A is required for growth in a model of endocrine therapy-resistant disease. Crucially, we show that KDM3A catalytic activity is required for both ER-target gene expression and cell growth, demonstrating that developing compounds which target demethylase enzymatic activity may be efficacious in treating both ER-positive and endocrine therapy-resistant disease.</p>',
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		'id' => '2227',
		'antibody_id' => '134',
		'name' => 'H3K9me1 Antibody',
		'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against <strong>histone H3</strong> containing the <strong>monomethylated lysine 9</strong> (<strong>H3K9me1</strong>), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
		'label1' => 'Validation Data',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig4.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the &ldquo;LowCell# ChIP&rdquo; kit (Cat. No. kch-maglow-016), using sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells. Respectively 1 and 5 &mu;g of the antibody and 5 &mu;g of IgG (negative IP control) were used per ChIP experiment. QPCR was performed with primers for the GAPDH promoter and for the inactive gene MYOD. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that H3K9me1 is preferably present at silent genes. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig1.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ELISA validation" caption="false" width="288" height="241" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against human H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:68,000. </small></p>
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</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig2.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Cross reactivity test of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) with peptides containing other modifications and the unmodified sequence of histone H3. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig3.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Western blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4 Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 &mu;g) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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		'label2' => 'Target Description',
		'info2' => '<p>Histones are the main constituents of the protein part of chromosomes of eukaryotic cells. They are rich in the amino acids arginine and lysine and have been greatly conserved during evolution. Histones pack the DNA into tight masses of chromatin. Two core histones of each class H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assemble and are wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA to form one octameric nucleosome. Histone tails undergo numerous post-translational modifications, which either directly or indirectly alter chromatin structure to facilitate transcriptional activation or repression or other nuclear processes. In addition to the genetic code, combinations of the different histone modifications reveal the so-called &ldquo;histone code&rdquo;. Histone methylation and demethylation is dynamically regulated by respectively histone methyl transferases and histone demethylases. Methylation of histone H3K9 is associated with gene repression..</p>',
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	'antibody_id' => '134',
	'name' => 'H3K9me1 Antibody',
	'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against <strong>histone H3</strong> containing the <strong>monomethylated lysine 9</strong> (<strong>H3K9me1</strong>), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig4.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the &ldquo;LowCell# ChIP&rdquo; kit (Cat. No. kch-maglow-016), using sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells. Respectively 1 and 5 &mu;g of the antibody and 5 &mu;g of IgG (negative IP control) were used per ChIP experiment. QPCR was performed with primers for the GAPDH promoter and for the inactive gene MYOD. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that H3K9me1 is preferably present at silent genes. </small></p>
</div>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig1.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ELISA validation" caption="false" width="288" height="241" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against human H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:68,000. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig2.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Cross reactivity test of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) with peptides containing other modifications and the unmodified sequence of histone H3. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410065_fig3.jpg" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Western blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4 Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 &mu;g) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (Cat. No. pAb-065-050) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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	'info2' => '<p>Histones are the main constituents of the protein part of chromosomes of eukaryotic cells. They are rich in the amino acids arginine and lysine and have been greatly conserved during evolution. Histones pack the DNA into tight masses of chromatin. Two core histones of each class H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assemble and are wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA to form one octameric nucleosome. Histone tails undergo numerous post-translational modifications, which either directly or indirectly alter chromatin structure to facilitate transcriptional activation or repression or other nuclear processes. In addition to the genetic code, combinations of the different histone modifications reveal the so-called &ldquo;histone code&rdquo;. Histone methylation and demethylation is dynamically regulated by respectively histone methyl transferases and histone demethylases. Methylation of histone H3K9 is associated with gene repression..</p>',
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	'name' => 'The histone demethylase enzyme KDM3A is a key estrogen receptor regulator in breast cancer.',
	'authors' => 'Wade MA, Jones D, Wilson L, Stockley J, Coffey K, Robson CN, Gaughan L',
	'description' => '<p>Endocrine therapy has successfully been used to treat estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, but this invariably fails with cancers becoming refractory to treatment. Emerging evidence has suggested that fluctuations in ER co-regulatory protein expression may facilitate resistance to therapy and be involved in breast cancer progression. To date, a small number of enzymes that control methylation status of histones have been identified as co-regulators of ER signalling. We have identified the histone H3 lysine 9 mono- and di-methyl demethylase enzyme KDM3A as a positive regulator of ER activity. Here, we demonstrate that depletion of KDM3A by RNAi abrogates the recruitment of the ER to cis-regulatory elements within target gene promoters, thereby inhibiting estrogen-induced gene expression changes. Global gene expression analysis of KDM3A-depleted cells identified gene clusters associated with cell growth. Consistent with this, we show that knockdown of KDM3A reduces ER-positive cell proliferation and demonstrate that KDM3A is required for growth in a model of endocrine therapy-resistant disease. Crucially, we show that KDM3A catalytic activity is required for both ER-target gene expression and cell growth, demonstrating that developing compounds which target demethylase enzymatic activity may be efficacious in treating both ER-positive and endocrine therapy-resistant disease.</p>',
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