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'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against histone H3 containing the monomethylated lysine 9 (H3K9me1), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065-Fig1.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />ChIP assays were performed using human osteosarcoma (U2OS) cells, the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. Chromatin was sheared with the Diagenode “Shearing ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-redmod-100). ChIP was performed with the “OneDay ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-oneDIP-060), using sheared chromatin from 1.6 million cells. A titration of the antibody consisting of 2, 5, 10 and 15 μl per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (5 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed using primers for the promoter of the housekeeping gene GAPDH and for the coding region of the myogenic differentiation gene (MYOD), a gene that is inactive at normal conditions. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065-elisa.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the titer </strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100). The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:50,000. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig2.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) with peptides containing other modifications of histone H3. Other histone modifications include di- and trimethylation of the same lysine and mono-, di- and trimethylation of lysine 27, 36 and 79. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:200,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig3.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Western Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) diluted 1:1000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the left; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig4.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) and with DAPI. Cells were formaldehyde fixated, permeabilized with Triton X-100 and blocked with PBS containing 2.5% BSA. Figure 5A: cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K9me1 antibody (diluted 1:200 and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature) followed by goat anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to DyLight. Figure 5B: staining of the nuclei with DAPI, which specifically labels DNA. Both antibody and DAPI staining are restricted to the nucleus. </small></p>
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<td>1:200,000</td>
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<td>1:1,000</td>
<td>Fig 4</td>
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'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against histone H3 containing the monomethylated lysine 9 (H3K9me1), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065-Fig1.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />ChIP assays were performed using human osteosarcoma (U2OS) cells, the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. Chromatin was sheared with the Diagenode “Shearing ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-redmod-100). ChIP was performed with the “OneDay ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-oneDIP-060), using sheared chromatin from 1.6 million cells. A titration of the antibody consisting of 2, 5, 10 and 15 μl per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (5 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed using primers for the promoter of the housekeeping gene GAPDH and for the coding region of the myogenic differentiation gene (MYOD), a gene that is inactive at normal conditions. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065-elisa.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the titer </strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100). The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:50,000. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig2.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) with peptides containing other modifications of histone H3. Other histone modifications include di- and trimethylation of the same lysine and mono-, di- and trimethylation of lysine 27, 36 and 79. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:200,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig3.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Western Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) diluted 1:1000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the left; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig4.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) and with DAPI. Cells were formaldehyde fixated, permeabilized with Triton X-100 and blocked with PBS containing 2.5% BSA. Figure 5A: cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K9me1 antibody (diluted 1:200 and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature) followed by goat anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to DyLight. Figure 5B: staining of the nuclei with DAPI, which specifically labels DNA. Both antibody and DAPI staining are restricted to the nucleus. </small></p>
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<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
<p><em></em>Check our selection of antibodies validated in Western blot.</p>',
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<p>Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive antibodies validated in IF.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200229-IF.jpg" alt="" height="245" width="256" /></p>
<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
<h5><sup>Check our selection of antibodies validated in IF.</sup></h5>',
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<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
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<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
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<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
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'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against histone H3 containing the monomethylated lysine 9 (H3K9me1), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065-Fig1.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />ChIP assays were performed using human osteosarcoma (U2OS) cells, the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. Chromatin was sheared with the Diagenode “Shearing ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-redmod-100). ChIP was performed with the “OneDay ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-oneDIP-060), using sheared chromatin from 1.6 million cells. A titration of the antibody consisting of 2, 5, 10 and 15 μl per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (5 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed using primers for the promoter of the housekeeping gene GAPDH and for the coding region of the myogenic differentiation gene (MYOD), a gene that is inactive at normal conditions. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065-elisa.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the titer </strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100). The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:50,000. </small></p>
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig2.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) with peptides containing other modifications of histone H3. Other histone modifications include di- and trimethylation of the same lysine and mono-, di- and trimethylation of lysine 27, 36 and 79. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:200,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<div class="small-3 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig3.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Western Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) diluted 1:1000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the left; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig4.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) and with DAPI. Cells were formaldehyde fixated, permeabilized with Triton X-100 and blocked with PBS containing 2.5% BSA. Figure 5A: cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K9me1 antibody (diluted 1:200 and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature) followed by goat anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to DyLight. Figure 5B: staining of the nuclei with DAPI, which specifically labels DNA. Both antibody and DAPI staining are restricted to the nucleus. </small></p>
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<td>10 μl/ChIP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
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<td>1:2,000 - 1:3,000</td>
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<td>1:200,000</td>
<td>Fig 3</td>
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<td>1:1,000</td>
<td>Fig 4</td>
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<td>Fig 5</td>
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'name' => 'H3K9me1 polyclonal antibody ',
'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against histone H3 containing the monomethylated lysine 9 (H3K9me1), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065-Fig1.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />ChIP assays were performed using human osteosarcoma (U2OS) cells, the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. Chromatin was sheared with the Diagenode “Shearing ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-redmod-100). ChIP was performed with the “OneDay ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-oneDIP-060), using sheared chromatin from 1.6 million cells. A titration of the antibody consisting of 2, 5, 10 and 15 μl per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (5 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed using primers for the promoter of the housekeeping gene GAPDH and for the coding region of the myogenic differentiation gene (MYOD), a gene that is inactive at normal conditions. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065-elisa.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the titer </strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100). The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:50,000. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig2.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) with peptides containing other modifications of histone H3. Other histone modifications include di- and trimethylation of the same lysine and mono-, di- and trimethylation of lysine 27, 36 and 79. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:200,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig3.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Western Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) diluted 1:1000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the left; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig4.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) and with DAPI. Cells were formaldehyde fixated, permeabilized with Triton X-100 and blocked with PBS containing 2.5% BSA. Figure 5A: cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K9me1 antibody (diluted 1:200 and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature) followed by goat anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to DyLight. Figure 5B: staining of the nuclei with DAPI, which specifically labels DNA. Both antibody and DAPI staining are restricted to the nucleus. </small></p>
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<td>10 μl/ChIP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
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<td>Fig 4</td>
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<td>1:200</td>
<td>Fig 5</td>
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<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
<p><em></em>Check our selection of antibodies validated in Western blot.</p>',
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<p>Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive antibodies validated in IF.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200229-IF.jpg" alt="" height="245" width="256" /></p>
<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
<h5><sup>Check our selection of antibodies validated in IF.</sup></h5>',
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'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
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<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
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<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
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'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against histone H3 containing the monomethylated lysine 9 (H3K9me1), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065-Fig1.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />ChIP assays were performed using human osteosarcoma (U2OS) cells, the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. Chromatin was sheared with the Diagenode “Shearing ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-redmod-100). ChIP was performed with the “OneDay ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-oneDIP-060), using sheared chromatin from 1.6 million cells. A titration of the antibody consisting of 2, 5, 10 and 15 μl per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (5 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed using primers for the promoter of the housekeeping gene GAPDH and for the coding region of the myogenic differentiation gene (MYOD), a gene that is inactive at normal conditions. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065-elisa.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the titer </strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100). The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:50,000. </small></p>
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig2.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) with peptides containing other modifications of histone H3. Other histone modifications include di- and trimethylation of the same lysine and mono-, di- and trimethylation of lysine 27, 36 and 79. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:200,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig3.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Western Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) diluted 1:1000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the left; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig4.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) and with DAPI. Cells were formaldehyde fixated, permeabilized with Triton X-100 and blocked with PBS containing 2.5% BSA. Figure 5A: cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K9me1 antibody (diluted 1:200 and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature) followed by goat anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to DyLight. Figure 5B: staining of the nuclei with DAPI, which specifically labels DNA. Both antibody and DAPI staining are restricted to the nucleus. </small></p>
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<td>10 μl/ChIP</td>
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<td>1:2,000 - 1:3,000</td>
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<td>1:200,000</td>
<td>Fig 3</td>
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<td>1:1,000</td>
<td>Fig 4</td>
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<td>Fig 5</td>
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'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against histone H3 containing the monomethylated lysine 9 (H3K9me1), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065-Fig1.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />ChIP assays were performed using human osteosarcoma (U2OS) cells, the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. Chromatin was sheared with the Diagenode “Shearing ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-redmod-100). ChIP was performed with the “OneDay ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-oneDIP-060), using sheared chromatin from 1.6 million cells. A titration of the antibody consisting of 2, 5, 10 and 15 μl per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (5 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed using primers for the promoter of the housekeeping gene GAPDH and for the coding region of the myogenic differentiation gene (MYOD), a gene that is inactive at normal conditions. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065-elisa.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the titer </strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100). The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:50,000. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig2.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) with peptides containing other modifications of histone H3. Other histone modifications include di- and trimethylation of the same lysine and mono-, di- and trimethylation of lysine 27, 36 and 79. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:200,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig3.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Western Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) diluted 1:1000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the left; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig4.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) and with DAPI. Cells were formaldehyde fixated, permeabilized with Triton X-100 and blocked with PBS containing 2.5% BSA. Figure 5A: cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K9me1 antibody (diluted 1:200 and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature) followed by goat anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to DyLight. Figure 5B: staining of the nuclei with DAPI, which specifically labels DNA. Both antibody and DAPI staining are restricted to the nucleus. </small></p>
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<td>10 μl/ChIP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
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<td>1:200</td>
<td>Fig 5</td>
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<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
<p><em></em>Check our selection of antibodies validated in Western blot.</p>',
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<p>Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive antibodies validated in IF.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200229-IF.jpg" alt="" height="245" width="256" /></p>
<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
<h5><sup>Check our selection of antibodies validated in IF.</sup></h5>',
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'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
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<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
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<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
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'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against histone H3 containing the monomethylated lysine 9 (H3K9me1), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065-Fig1.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />ChIP assays were performed using human osteosarcoma (U2OS) cells, the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. Chromatin was sheared with the Diagenode “Shearing ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-redmod-100). ChIP was performed with the “OneDay ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-oneDIP-060), using sheared chromatin from 1.6 million cells. A titration of the antibody consisting of 2, 5, 10 and 15 μl per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (5 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed using primers for the promoter of the housekeeping gene GAPDH and for the coding region of the myogenic differentiation gene (MYOD), a gene that is inactive at normal conditions. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065-elisa.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the titer </strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100). The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:50,000. </small></p>
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig2.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) with peptides containing other modifications of histone H3. Other histone modifications include di- and trimethylation of the same lysine and mono-, di- and trimethylation of lysine 27, 36 and 79. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:200,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig3.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Western Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) diluted 1:1000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the left; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig4.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) and with DAPI. Cells were formaldehyde fixated, permeabilized with Triton X-100 and blocked with PBS containing 2.5% BSA. Figure 5A: cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K9me1 antibody (diluted 1:200 and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature) followed by goat anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to DyLight. Figure 5B: staining of the nuclei with DAPI, which specifically labels DNA. Both antibody and DAPI staining are restricted to the nucleus. </small></p>
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<td>1:200,000</td>
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<td>1:1,000</td>
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'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against histone H3 containing the monomethylated lysine 9 (H3K9me1), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065-Fig1.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />ChIP assays were performed using human osteosarcoma (U2OS) cells, the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. Chromatin was sheared with the Diagenode “Shearing ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-redmod-100). ChIP was performed with the “OneDay ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-oneDIP-060), using sheared chromatin from 1.6 million cells. A titration of the antibody consisting of 2, 5, 10 and 15 μl per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (5 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed using primers for the promoter of the housekeeping gene GAPDH and for the coding region of the myogenic differentiation gene (MYOD), a gene that is inactive at normal conditions. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065-elisa.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the titer </strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100). The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:50,000. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig2.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) with peptides containing other modifications of histone H3. Other histone modifications include di- and trimethylation of the same lysine and mono-, di- and trimethylation of lysine 27, 36 and 79. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of peptide containing the respective histone modification were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:200,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310065_fig3.png" alt="H3K9me1 Antibody validated in Western Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) diluted 1:1000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the left; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H3K9me1 </strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K9me1 (cat. No. CS-065-100) and with DAPI. Cells were formaldehyde fixated, permeabilized with Triton X-100 and blocked with PBS containing 2.5% BSA. Figure 5A: cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K9me1 antibody (diluted 1:200 and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature) followed by goat anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to DyLight. Figure 5B: staining of the nuclei with DAPI, which specifically labels DNA. Both antibody and DAPI staining are restricted to the nucleus. </small></p>
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<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
<p><em></em>Check our selection of antibodies validated in Western blot.</p>',
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<p>Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive antibodies validated in IF.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200229-IF.jpg" alt="" height="245" width="256" /></p>
<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
<h5><sup>Check our selection of antibodies validated in IF.</sup></h5>',
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<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
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<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
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<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
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