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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_ChIP.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103- 050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-maglow-016) on sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells using the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration of the antibody consisting of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the c-fos promoter and for the Sat2 satellite repeat region. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_ELISA.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody ELISA validation" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the purified antibody was estimated to be 1:16,700. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_dotblot.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K8. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_WB.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Western Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="146" height="153" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_IF.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Mouse NIH3T3 cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H4K8ac antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to Alexa488. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<td>1:200</td>
<td>Fig 4</td>
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<td>Fig 5</td>
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'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against the region of histone H4 containing the acethylated lysine 20 (H4K8ac), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_ChIP.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103- 050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-maglow-016) on sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells using the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration of the antibody consisting of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the c-fos promoter and for the Sat2 satellite repeat region. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the purified antibody was estimated to be 1:16,700. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_dotblot.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K8. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Mouse NIH3T3 cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H4K8ac antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to Alexa488. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<td>1 μg/ChIP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
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<td>Fig 5</td>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_ChIP.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103- 050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-maglow-016) on sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells using the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration of the antibody consisting of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the c-fos promoter and for the Sat2 satellite repeat region. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_ELISA.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody ELISA validation" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the purified antibody was estimated to be 1:16,700. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_dotblot.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K8. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_WB.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Western Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="146" height="153" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_IF.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Mouse NIH3T3 cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H4K8ac antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to Alexa488. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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'description' => '<p><strong>Western blot</strong> : The quality of antibodies used in this technique is crucial for correct and specific protein identification. Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive and specific western blot-validated antibodies.</p>
<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
<p><em></em>Check our selection of antibodies validated in Western blot.</p>',
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<p>Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive antibodies validated in IF.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200229-IF.jpg" alt="" height="245" width="256" /></p>
<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
<h5><sup>Check our selection of antibodies validated in IF.</sup></h5>',
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'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
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<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
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<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
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<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
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<div class="small-12 columns"><center></center>
<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-6 large-6 columns"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410003-fig1-ChIP.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="315" /> </div>
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<p>Our aim at Diagenode is to offer the largest collection of highly specific <strong>ChIP-grade antibodies</strong>. We add new antibodies monthly. Find your ChIP-grade antibody in the list below and check more information about tested applications, extensive validation data, and product information.</p>',
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'description' => '<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Epigenetic research tools have evolved over time from endpoint PCR to qPCR to the analyses of large sets of genome-wide sequencing data. ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) has now become the gold standard method for chromatin studies, given the accuracy and coverage scale of the approach over other methods. Successful ChIP-seq, however, requires a higher level of experimental accuracy and consistency in all steps of ChIP than ever before. Particularly crucial is the quality of ChIP antibodies. </span></p>',
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'name' => 'Integrative Proteomic Profiling Reveals PRC2-Dependent Epigenetic Crosstalk Maintains Ground-State Pluripotency.',
'authors' => 'van Mierlo G, Dirks RAM, De Clerck L, Brinkman AB, Huth M, Kloet SL, Saksouk N, Kroeze LI, Willems S, Farlik M, Bock C, Jansen JH, Deforce D, Vermeulen M, Déjardin J, Dhaenens M, Marks H',
'description' => '<p>The pluripotent ground state is defined as a basal state free of epigenetic restrictions, which influence lineage specification. While naive embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be maintained in a hypomethylated state with open chromatin when grown using two small-molecule inhibitors (2i)/leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), in contrast to serum/LIF-grown ESCs that resemble early post-implantation embryos, broader features of the ground-state pluripotent epigenome are not well understood. We identified epigenetic features of mouse ESCs cultured using 2i/LIF or serum/LIF by proteomic profiling of chromatin-associated complexes and histone modifications. Polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and its product H3K27me3 are highly abundant in 2i/LIF ESCs, and H3K27me3 is distributed genome-wide in a CpG-dependent fashion. Consistently, PRC2-deficient ESCs showed increased DNA methylation at sites normally occupied by H3K27me3 and increased H4 acetylation. Inhibiting DNA methylation in PRC2-deficient ESCs did not affect their viability or transcriptome. Our findings suggest a unique H3K27me3 configuration protects naive ESCs from lineage priming, and they reveal widespread epigenetic crosstalk in ground-state pluripotency.</p>',
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'description' => '<p>Citrate, a central component of cellular metabolism, is a widely used anti-coagulant due to its ability to chelate calcium. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-citrate lyase, which metabolizes citrate, has been shown to be essential for inflammation, but the ability of exogenous citrate to impact inflammatory signalling cascades remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that citrate would modulate inflammatory responses as both a cellular metabolite and calcium chelator, and tested this hypothesis by determining how clinically relevant levels of citrate modulate monocyte proinflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a human acute monocytic leukaemia cell line (THP-1). In normal medium (0·4 mM calcium), citrate inhibited LPS-induced tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8 transcripts, whereas in medium supplemented with calcium (1·4 mM), TNF-α and IL-8 levels increased and appeared independent of calcium chelation. Using an IL-8-luciferase plasmid construct, the same increased response was observed in the activation of the IL-8 promoter region, suggesting transcriptional regulation. Tricarballylic acid, an inhibitor of ATP-citrate lyase, blocked the ability of citrate to augment TNF-α, linking citrate's augmentation effect with its metabolism by ATP-citrate lyase. In the presence of citrate, increased histone acetylation was observed in the TNF-α and IL-8 promoter regions of THP-1 cells. We observed that citrate can both augment and inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production via modulation of inflammatory gene transactivation. These findings suggest that citrate anti-coagulation may alter immune function through complex interactions with the inflammatory response.</p>',
'date' => '2015-06-01',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25619261',
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'name' => 'Distribution of segmental duplications in the context of higher order chromatin organisation of human chromosome 7.',
'authors' => 'Ebert G, Steininger A, Weißmann R, Boldt V, Lind-Thomsen A, Grune J, Badelt S, Heßler M, Peiser M, Hitzler M, Jensen LR, Müller I, Hu H, Arndt PF, Kuss AW, Tebel K, Ullmann R',
'description' => 'BACKGROUND: Segmental duplications (SDs) are not evenly distributed along chromosomes. The reasons for this biased susceptibility to SD insertion are poorly understood. Accumulation of SDs is associated with increased genomic instability, which can lead to structural variants and genomic disorders such as the Williams-Beuren syndrome. Despite these adverse effects, SDs have become fixed in the human genome. Focusing on chromosome 7, which is particularly rich in interstitial SDs, we have investigated the distribution of SDs in the context of evolution and the three dimensional organisation of the chromosome in order to gain insights into the mutual relationship of SDs and chromatin topology. RESULTS: Intrachromosomal SDs preferentially accumulate in those segments of chromosome 7 that are homologous to marmoset chromosome 2. Although this formerly compact segment has been re-distributed to three different sites during primate evolution, we can show by means of public data on long distance chromatin interactions that these three intervals, and consequently the paralogous SDs mapping to them, have retained their spatial proximity in the nucleus. Focusing on SD clusters implicated in the aetiology of the Williams-Beuren syndrome locus we demonstrate by cross-species comparison that these SDs have inserted at the borders of a topological domain and that they flank regions with distinct DNA conformation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests a link of nuclear architecture and the propagation of SDs across chromosome 7, either by promoting regional SD insertion or by contributing to the establishment of higher order chromatin organisation themselves. The latter could compensate for the high risk of structural rearrangements and thus may have contributed to their evolutionary fixation in the human genome.',
'date' => '2014-06-29',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24973960',
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'name' => 'Histone lysine trimethylation or acetylation can be modulated by phytoestrogen, estrogen or anti-HDAC in breast cancer cell lines.',
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'description' => '<p>AIM: The isoflavones genistein, daidzein and equol (daidzein metabolite) have been reported to interact with epigenetic modifications, specifically hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes. The objective of this study was to analyze and understand the mechanisms by which phytoestrogens act on chromatin in breast cancer cell lines. MATERIALS & METHODS: Two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231, were treated with genistein (18.5 µM), daidzein (78.5 µM), equol (12.8 µM), 17β-estradiol (10 nM) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (1 µM) for 48 h. A control with untreated cells was performed. 17β-estradiol and an anti-HDAC were used to compare their actions with phytoestrogens. The chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative PCR was used to follow soy phytoestrogen effects on H3 and H4 histones on H3K27me3, H3K9me3, H3K4me3, H4K8ac and H3K4ac marks, and we selected six genes (EZH2, BRCA1, ERα, ERβ, SRC3 and P300) for analysis. RESULTS: Soy phytoestrogens induced a decrease in trimethylated marks and an increase in acetylating marks studied at six selected genes. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that soy phytoestrogens tend to modify transcription through the demethylation and acetylation of histones in breast cancer cell lines.</p>',
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103- 050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-maglow-016) on sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells using the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration of the antibody consisting of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the c-fos promoter and for the Sat2 satellite repeat region. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the purified antibody was estimated to be 1:16,700. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K8. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_WB.jpg" alt="Western blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Mouse NIH3T3 cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H4K8ac antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to Alexa488. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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'description' => '<p>AIM: The isoflavones genistein, daidzein and equol (daidzein metabolite) have been reported to interact with epigenetic modifications, specifically hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes. The objective of this study was to analyze and understand the mechanisms by which phytoestrogens act on chromatin in breast cancer cell lines. MATERIALS & METHODS: Two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231, were treated with genistein (18.5 µM), daidzein (78.5 µM), equol (12.8 µM), 17β-estradiol (10 nM) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (1 µM) for 48 h. A control with untreated cells was performed. 17β-estradiol and an anti-HDAC were used to compare their actions with phytoestrogens. The chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative PCR was used to follow soy phytoestrogen effects on H3 and H4 histones on H3K27me3, H3K9me3, H3K4me3, H4K8ac and H3K4ac marks, and we selected six genes (EZH2, BRCA1, ERα, ERβ, SRC3 and P300) for analysis. RESULTS: Soy phytoestrogens induced a decrease in trimethylated marks and an increase in acetylating marks studied at six selected genes. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that soy phytoestrogens tend to modify transcription through the demethylation and acetylation of histones in breast cancer cell lines.</p>',
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'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23414320',
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_ChIP.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103- 050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-maglow-016) on sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells using the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration of the antibody consisting of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the c-fos promoter and for the Sat2 satellite repeat region. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the purified antibody was estimated to be 1:16,700. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K8. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_WB.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Western Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="146" height="153" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_IF.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Mouse NIH3T3 cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H4K8ac antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to Alexa488. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103- 050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-maglow-016) on sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells using the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration of the antibody consisting of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the c-fos promoter and for the Sat2 satellite repeat region. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the purified antibody was estimated to be 1:16,700. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K8. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_WB.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Western Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="146" height="153" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_IF.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Mouse NIH3T3 cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H4K8ac antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to Alexa488. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
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'info2' => '<p>Histones are the main constituents of the protein part of chromosomes of eukaryotic cells. They are rich in the amino acids arginine and lysine and have been greatly conserved during evolution. Histones pack the DNA into tight masses of chromatin. Two core histones of each class H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assemble and are wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA to form one octameric nucleosome. Histone tails undergo numerous post-translational modifications, which either directly or indirectly alter chromatin structure to facilitate transcriptional activation or repression or other nuclear processes. In addition to the genetic code, combinations of the different histone modifications reveal the so-called “histone code”. Histone methylation and demethylation is dynamically regulated by respectively histone methyl transferases and histone demethylases.</p>',
'label3' => '',
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'format' => '50 μg/41 μl',
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'price_GBP' => '340',
'price_JPY' => '59525',
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'meta_title' => 'H4K8ac polyclonal antibody - Classic',
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'description' => 'Histones are the main constituents of the protein part of chromosomes of eukaryotic cells. They are rich in the amino acids arginine and lysine and have been greatly conserved during evolution. Histones pack the DNA into tight masses of chromatin. Two core histones of each class H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assemble and are wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA to form one octameric nucleosome. Histone tails undergo numerous post-translational modifications, which either directly or indirectly alter chromatin structure to facilitate transcriptional activation or repression or other nuclear processes. In addition to the genetic code, combinations of the different histone modifications reveal the so-called “histone code”. Histone methylation and demethylation is dynamically regulated by respectively histone methyl transferases and histone demethylases.',
'clonality' => '',
'isotype' => '',
'lot' => 'A157-004',
'concentration' => '1.23 µg/µl',
'reactivity' => 'Human, mouse',
'type' => 'Polyclonal',
'purity' => 'Affinity purified',
'classification' => 'Classic',
'application_table' => '<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Applications</th>
<th>Suggested dilution</th>
<th>References</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>ChIP <sup>*</sup></td>
<td>1 μg/ChIP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ELISA</td>
<td>1:100</td>
<td>Fig 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dot Blotting</td>
<td>1:20,000</td>
<td>Fig 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Western Blotting</td>
<td>1:200</td>
<td>Fig 4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Immunofluorescence</td>
<td>1:500</td>
<td>Fig 5</td>
</tr>
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<p><small><sup>*</sup> Please note that the optimal antibody amount per IP should be determined by the end-user. We recommend testing 1-5 μg per IP.</small></p>',
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'name' => 'H4K8ac Antibody',
'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against the region of <strong>histone H4</strong> containing the <strong>acethylated lysine 8</strong> <strong>(H4K8ac)</strong>, using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
'label1' => 'Validation Data',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_ChIP.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103- 050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-maglow-016) on sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells using the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration of the antibody consisting of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the c-fos promoter and for the Sat2 satellite repeat region. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_ELISA.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody ELISA validation" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the purified antibody was estimated to be 1:16,700. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_dotblot.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K8. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_WB.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Western Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="146" height="153" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_IF.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Mouse NIH3T3 cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H4K8ac antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to Alexa488. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
</div>
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'description' => '<p><strong>Western blot</strong> : The quality of antibodies used in this technique is crucial for correct and specific protein identification. Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive and specific western blot-validated antibodies.</p>
<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
<p><em></em>Check our selection of antibodies validated in Western blot.</p>',
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<p>Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive antibodies validated in IF.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200229-IF.jpg" alt="" height="245" width="256" /></p>
<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
<h5><sup>Check our selection of antibodies validated in IF.</sup></h5>',
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'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
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'description' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center></center>
<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
<p></p>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
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<p>Our aim at Diagenode is to offer the largest collection of highly specific <strong>ChIP-grade antibodies</strong>. We add new antibodies monthly. Find your ChIP-grade antibody in the list below and check more information about tested applications, extensive validation data, and product information.</p>',
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'name' => 'Datasheet H4K8ac pAb-103-050',
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'name' => 'Antibodies you can trust',
'description' => '<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Epigenetic research tools have evolved over time from endpoint PCR to qPCR to the analyses of large sets of genome-wide sequencing data. ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) has now become the gold standard method for chromatin studies, given the accuracy and coverage scale of the approach over other methods. Successful ChIP-seq, however, requires a higher level of experimental accuracy and consistency in all steps of ChIP than ever before. Particularly crucial is the quality of ChIP antibodies. </span></p>',
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'description' => '<p>More than in any other immuoprecipitation assays, quality antibodies are critical tools in many epigenetics experiments. Since 10 years, Diagenode has developed the most stringent quality production available on the market for antibodies exclusively focused on epigenetic uses. All our antibodies have been qualified to work in epigenetic applications.</p>',
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'name' => 'Integrative Proteomic Profiling Reveals PRC2-Dependent Epigenetic Crosstalk Maintains Ground-State Pluripotency.',
'authors' => 'van Mierlo G, Dirks RAM, De Clerck L, Brinkman AB, Huth M, Kloet SL, Saksouk N, Kroeze LI, Willems S, Farlik M, Bock C, Jansen JH, Deforce D, Vermeulen M, Déjardin J, Dhaenens M, Marks H',
'description' => '<p>The pluripotent ground state is defined as a basal state free of epigenetic restrictions, which influence lineage specification. While naive embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be maintained in a hypomethylated state with open chromatin when grown using two small-molecule inhibitors (2i)/leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), in contrast to serum/LIF-grown ESCs that resemble early post-implantation embryos, broader features of the ground-state pluripotent epigenome are not well understood. We identified epigenetic features of mouse ESCs cultured using 2i/LIF or serum/LIF by proteomic profiling of chromatin-associated complexes and histone modifications. Polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and its product H3K27me3 are highly abundant in 2i/LIF ESCs, and H3K27me3 is distributed genome-wide in a CpG-dependent fashion. Consistently, PRC2-deficient ESCs showed increased DNA methylation at sites normally occupied by H3K27me3 and increased H4 acetylation. Inhibiting DNA methylation in PRC2-deficient ESCs did not affect their viability or transcriptome. Our findings suggest a unique H3K27me3 configuration protects naive ESCs from lineage priming, and they reveal widespread epigenetic crosstalk in ground-state pluripotency.</p>',
'date' => '2018-11-14',
'pmid' => 'http://www.pubmed.gov/30472157',
'doi' => '10.1016/j.stem.2018.10.017',
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'name' => 'Citrate modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced monocyte inflammatory responses.',
'authors' => 'Ashbrook MJ, McDonough KL, Pituch JJ, Christopherson PL, Cornell TT, Selewski DT, Shanley TP, Blatt NB',
'description' => '<p>Citrate, a central component of cellular metabolism, is a widely used anti-coagulant due to its ability to chelate calcium. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-citrate lyase, which metabolizes citrate, has been shown to be essential for inflammation, but the ability of exogenous citrate to impact inflammatory signalling cascades remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that citrate would modulate inflammatory responses as both a cellular metabolite and calcium chelator, and tested this hypothesis by determining how clinically relevant levels of citrate modulate monocyte proinflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a human acute monocytic leukaemia cell line (THP-1). In normal medium (0·4 mM calcium), citrate inhibited LPS-induced tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8 transcripts, whereas in medium supplemented with calcium (1·4 mM), TNF-α and IL-8 levels increased and appeared independent of calcium chelation. Using an IL-8-luciferase plasmid construct, the same increased response was observed in the activation of the IL-8 promoter region, suggesting transcriptional regulation. Tricarballylic acid, an inhibitor of ATP-citrate lyase, blocked the ability of citrate to augment TNF-α, linking citrate's augmentation effect with its metabolism by ATP-citrate lyase. In the presence of citrate, increased histone acetylation was observed in the TNF-α and IL-8 promoter regions of THP-1 cells. We observed that citrate can both augment and inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production via modulation of inflammatory gene transactivation. These findings suggest that citrate anti-coagulation may alter immune function through complex interactions with the inflammatory response.</p>',
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'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25619261',
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'name' => 'Distribution of segmental duplications in the context of higher order chromatin organisation of human chromosome 7.',
'authors' => 'Ebert G, Steininger A, Weißmann R, Boldt V, Lind-Thomsen A, Grune J, Badelt S, Heßler M, Peiser M, Hitzler M, Jensen LR, Müller I, Hu H, Arndt PF, Kuss AW, Tebel K, Ullmann R',
'description' => 'BACKGROUND: Segmental duplications (SDs) are not evenly distributed along chromosomes. The reasons for this biased susceptibility to SD insertion are poorly understood. Accumulation of SDs is associated with increased genomic instability, which can lead to structural variants and genomic disorders such as the Williams-Beuren syndrome. Despite these adverse effects, SDs have become fixed in the human genome. Focusing on chromosome 7, which is particularly rich in interstitial SDs, we have investigated the distribution of SDs in the context of evolution and the three dimensional organisation of the chromosome in order to gain insights into the mutual relationship of SDs and chromatin topology. RESULTS: Intrachromosomal SDs preferentially accumulate in those segments of chromosome 7 that are homologous to marmoset chromosome 2. Although this formerly compact segment has been re-distributed to three different sites during primate evolution, we can show by means of public data on long distance chromatin interactions that these three intervals, and consequently the paralogous SDs mapping to them, have retained their spatial proximity in the nucleus. Focusing on SD clusters implicated in the aetiology of the Williams-Beuren syndrome locus we demonstrate by cross-species comparison that these SDs have inserted at the borders of a topological domain and that they flank regions with distinct DNA conformation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests a link of nuclear architecture and the propagation of SDs across chromosome 7, either by promoting regional SD insertion or by contributing to the establishment of higher order chromatin organisation themselves. The latter could compensate for the high risk of structural rearrangements and thus may have contributed to their evolutionary fixation in the human genome.',
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'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24973960',
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'description' => '<p>AIM: The isoflavones genistein, daidzein and equol (daidzein metabolite) have been reported to interact with epigenetic modifications, specifically hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes. The objective of this study was to analyze and understand the mechanisms by which phytoestrogens act on chromatin in breast cancer cell lines. MATERIALS & METHODS: Two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231, were treated with genistein (18.5 µM), daidzein (78.5 µM), equol (12.8 µM), 17β-estradiol (10 nM) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (1 µM) for 48 h. A control with untreated cells was performed. 17β-estradiol and an anti-HDAC were used to compare their actions with phytoestrogens. The chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative PCR was used to follow soy phytoestrogen effects on H3 and H4 histones on H3K27me3, H3K9me3, H3K4me3, H4K8ac and H3K4ac marks, and we selected six genes (EZH2, BRCA1, ERα, ERβ, SRC3 and P300) for analysis. RESULTS: Soy phytoestrogens induced a decrease in trimethylated marks and an increase in acetylating marks studied at six selected genes. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that soy phytoestrogens tend to modify transcription through the demethylation and acetylation of histones in breast cancer cell lines.</p>',
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'description' => '<p><span>I have extensively used the antibodies against the histone modifications <a href="../p/h3k4me3-monoclonal-antibody-classic-50-ug-50-ul">H3K4me3</a>, <a href="../p/h3k27me3-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-34-ml">H3k27me3</a>, <a href="../p/h3k9ac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-ug-37-ul">H3K9ac</a>, <a href="../p/h4k8ac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-41-ml">H4k8ac</a> and <a href="../p/h3k18ac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-62-ml">H3K18ac</a> provided by Diagenode. The high level of specificity and selectivity of these antibodies in mouse brain samples, confirmed by using several negative and positive controls run in parallel with mouse brain tissue samples, ensured successful and reproducible results. I have been a Diagenode costumer for over one year now and I am extremely satisfied with the efficiency of the Bioruptor Pico for chromatin shearing as well as all of the ChIP materials (i.e., <a href="../categories/antibodies">antibodies</a>, blocking peptides, primer pairs for qPCR) provided by this company. Many thanks.</span></p>',
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'name' => 'H4K8ac Antibody (sample size)',
'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against the region of histone H4 containing the acethylated lysine 20 (H4K8ac), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_ChIP.jpg" alt="ChIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103- 050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-maglow-016) on sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells using the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration of the antibody consisting of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the c-fos promoter and for the Sat2 satellite repeat region. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_ELISA.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the purified antibody was estimated to be 1:16,700. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_dotblot.jpg" alt="Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K8. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_WB.jpg" alt="Western blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_IF.jpg" alt="Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Mouse NIH3T3 cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H4K8ac antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to Alexa488. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103- 050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-maglow-016) on sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells using the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration of the antibody consisting of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the c-fos promoter and for the Sat2 satellite repeat region. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the purified antibody was estimated to be 1:16,700. </small></p>
</div>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_dotblot.jpg" alt="Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K8. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_WB.jpg" alt="Western blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_IF.jpg" alt="Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Mouse NIH3T3 cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H4K8ac antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to Alexa488. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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$testimonials = '<blockquote><p><span>I have extensively used the antibodies against the histone modifications <a href="../p/h3k4me3-monoclonal-antibody-classic-50-ug-50-ul">H3K4me3</a>, <a href="../p/h3k27me3-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-34-ml">H3k27me3</a>, <a href="../p/h3k9ac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-ug-37-ul">H3K9ac</a>, <a href="../p/h4k8ac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-41-ml">H4k8ac</a> and <a href="../p/h3k18ac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-62-ml">H3K18ac</a> provided by Diagenode. The high level of specificity and selectivity of these antibodies in mouse brain samples, confirmed by using several negative and positive controls run in parallel with mouse brain tissue samples, ensured successful and reproducible results. I have been a Diagenode costumer for over one year now and I am extremely satisfied with the efficiency of the Bioruptor Pico for chromatin shearing as well as all of the ChIP materials (i.e., <a href="../categories/antibodies">antibodies</a>, blocking peptides, primer pairs for qPCR) provided by this company. Many thanks.</span></p><cite>Dr. Ermelinda Lomazzo, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, AG Prof. Beat Lutz. University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany</cite></blockquote>
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'description' => '<p><span>I have extensively used the antibodies against the histone modifications <a href="../p/h3k4me3-monoclonal-antibody-classic-50-ug-50-ul">H3K4me3</a>, <a href="../p/h3k27me3-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-34-ml">H3k27me3</a>, <a href="../p/h3k9ac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-ug-37-ul">H3K9ac</a>, <a href="../p/h4k8ac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-41-ml">H4k8ac</a> and <a href="../p/h3k18ac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-62-ml">H3K18ac</a> provided by Diagenode. The high level of specificity and selectivity of these antibodies in mouse brain samples, confirmed by using several negative and positive controls run in parallel with mouse brain tissue samples, ensured successful and reproducible results. I have been a Diagenode costumer for over one year now and I am extremely satisfied with the efficiency of the Bioruptor Pico for chromatin shearing as well as all of the ChIP materials (i.e., <a href="../categories/antibodies">antibodies</a>, blocking peptides, primer pairs for qPCR) provided by this company. Many thanks.</span></p>',
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103- 050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-maglow-016) on sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells using the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration of the antibody consisting of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the c-fos promoter and for the Sat2 satellite repeat region. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the purified antibody was estimated to be 1:16,700. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_dotblot.jpg" alt="Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K8. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_WB.jpg" alt="Western blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Mouse NIH3T3 cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H4K8ac antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to Alexa488. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers a wide range of antibodies and technical support for ChIP-qPCR applications',
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'name' => 'Epigenetic Antibodies Brochure',
'description' => '<p>More than in any other immuoprecipitation assays, quality antibodies are critical tools in many epigenetics experiments. Since 10 years, Diagenode has developed the most stringent quality production available on the market for antibodies exclusively focused on epigenetic uses. All our antibodies have been qualified to work in epigenetic applications.</p>',
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'name' => 'Histone lysine trimethylation or acetylation can be modulated by phytoestrogen, estrogen or anti-HDAC in breast cancer cell lines.',
'authors' => 'Dagdemir A, Durif J, Ngollo M, Bignon YJ, Bernard-Gallon D',
'description' => '<p>AIM: The isoflavones genistein, daidzein and equol (daidzein metabolite) have been reported to interact with epigenetic modifications, specifically hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes. The objective of this study was to analyze and understand the mechanisms by which phytoestrogens act on chromatin in breast cancer cell lines. MATERIALS & METHODS: Two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231, were treated with genistein (18.5 µM), daidzein (78.5 µM), equol (12.8 µM), 17β-estradiol (10 nM) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (1 µM) for 48 h. A control with untreated cells was performed. 17β-estradiol and an anti-HDAC were used to compare their actions with phytoestrogens. The chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative PCR was used to follow soy phytoestrogen effects on H3 and H4 histones on H3K27me3, H3K9me3, H3K4me3, H4K8ac and H3K4ac marks, and we selected six genes (EZH2, BRCA1, ERα, ERβ, SRC3 and P300) for analysis. RESULTS: Soy phytoestrogens induced a decrease in trimethylated marks and an increase in acetylating marks studied at six selected genes. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that soy phytoestrogens tend to modify transcription through the demethylation and acetylation of histones in breast cancer cell lines.</p>',
'date' => '2013-02-01',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23414320',
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'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against the region of histone H4 containing the acethylated lysine 20 (H4K8ac), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_ChIP.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103- 050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-maglow-016) on sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells using the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration of the antibody consisting of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the c-fos promoter and for the Sat2 satellite repeat region. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_ELISA.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody ELISA validation" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the purified antibody was estimated to be 1:16,700. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_dotblot.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K8. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_WB.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Western Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="146" height="153" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_IF.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Mouse NIH3T3 cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H4K8ac antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to Alexa488. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103- 050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-maglow-016) on sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells using the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration of the antibody consisting of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the c-fos promoter and for the Sat2 satellite repeat region. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the purified antibody was estimated to be 1:16,700. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Mouse NIH3T3 cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H4K8ac antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to Alexa488. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103- 050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-maglow-016) on sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells using the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration of the antibody consisting of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the c-fos promoter and for the Sat2 satellite repeat region. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the purified antibody was estimated to be 1:16,700. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K8. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_WB.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Western Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="146" height="153" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Mouse NIH3T3 cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H4K8ac antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to Alexa488. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p>Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive antibodies validated in IF.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200229-IF.jpg" alt="" height="245" width="256" /></p>
<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
<h5><sup>Check our selection of antibodies validated in IF.</sup></h5>',
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'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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<div class="small-12 columns"><center></center>
<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-6 large-6 columns"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410003-fig1-ChIP.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="315" /> </div>
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<p>Our aim at Diagenode is to offer the largest collection of highly specific <strong>ChIP-grade antibodies</strong>. We add new antibodies monthly. Find your ChIP-grade antibody in the list below and check more information about tested applications, extensive validation data, and product information.</p>',
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'description' => '<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Epigenetic research tools have evolved over time from endpoint PCR to qPCR to the analyses of large sets of genome-wide sequencing data. ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) has now become the gold standard method for chromatin studies, given the accuracy and coverage scale of the approach over other methods. Successful ChIP-seq, however, requires a higher level of experimental accuracy and consistency in all steps of ChIP than ever before. Particularly crucial is the quality of ChIP antibodies. </span></p>',
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'name' => 'Integrative Proteomic Profiling Reveals PRC2-Dependent Epigenetic Crosstalk Maintains Ground-State Pluripotency.',
'authors' => 'van Mierlo G, Dirks RAM, De Clerck L, Brinkman AB, Huth M, Kloet SL, Saksouk N, Kroeze LI, Willems S, Farlik M, Bock C, Jansen JH, Deforce D, Vermeulen M, Déjardin J, Dhaenens M, Marks H',
'description' => '<p>The pluripotent ground state is defined as a basal state free of epigenetic restrictions, which influence lineage specification. While naive embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be maintained in a hypomethylated state with open chromatin when grown using two small-molecule inhibitors (2i)/leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), in contrast to serum/LIF-grown ESCs that resemble early post-implantation embryos, broader features of the ground-state pluripotent epigenome are not well understood. We identified epigenetic features of mouse ESCs cultured using 2i/LIF or serum/LIF by proteomic profiling of chromatin-associated complexes and histone modifications. Polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and its product H3K27me3 are highly abundant in 2i/LIF ESCs, and H3K27me3 is distributed genome-wide in a CpG-dependent fashion. Consistently, PRC2-deficient ESCs showed increased DNA methylation at sites normally occupied by H3K27me3 and increased H4 acetylation. Inhibiting DNA methylation in PRC2-deficient ESCs did not affect their viability or transcriptome. Our findings suggest a unique H3K27me3 configuration protects naive ESCs from lineage priming, and they reveal widespread epigenetic crosstalk in ground-state pluripotency.</p>',
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'name' => 'Citrate modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced monocyte inflammatory responses.',
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'description' => '<p>Citrate, a central component of cellular metabolism, is a widely used anti-coagulant due to its ability to chelate calcium. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-citrate lyase, which metabolizes citrate, has been shown to be essential for inflammation, but the ability of exogenous citrate to impact inflammatory signalling cascades remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that citrate would modulate inflammatory responses as both a cellular metabolite and calcium chelator, and tested this hypothesis by determining how clinically relevant levels of citrate modulate monocyte proinflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a human acute monocytic leukaemia cell line (THP-1). In normal medium (0·4 mM calcium), citrate inhibited LPS-induced tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8 transcripts, whereas in medium supplemented with calcium (1·4 mM), TNF-α and IL-8 levels increased and appeared independent of calcium chelation. Using an IL-8-luciferase plasmid construct, the same increased response was observed in the activation of the IL-8 promoter region, suggesting transcriptional regulation. Tricarballylic acid, an inhibitor of ATP-citrate lyase, blocked the ability of citrate to augment TNF-α, linking citrate's augmentation effect with its metabolism by ATP-citrate lyase. In the presence of citrate, increased histone acetylation was observed in the TNF-α and IL-8 promoter regions of THP-1 cells. We observed that citrate can both augment and inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production via modulation of inflammatory gene transactivation. These findings suggest that citrate anti-coagulation may alter immune function through complex interactions with the inflammatory response.</p>',
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'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25619261',
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'name' => 'Distribution of segmental duplications in the context of higher order chromatin organisation of human chromosome 7.',
'authors' => 'Ebert G, Steininger A, Weißmann R, Boldt V, Lind-Thomsen A, Grune J, Badelt S, Heßler M, Peiser M, Hitzler M, Jensen LR, Müller I, Hu H, Arndt PF, Kuss AW, Tebel K, Ullmann R',
'description' => 'BACKGROUND: Segmental duplications (SDs) are not evenly distributed along chromosomes. The reasons for this biased susceptibility to SD insertion are poorly understood. Accumulation of SDs is associated with increased genomic instability, which can lead to structural variants and genomic disorders such as the Williams-Beuren syndrome. Despite these adverse effects, SDs have become fixed in the human genome. Focusing on chromosome 7, which is particularly rich in interstitial SDs, we have investigated the distribution of SDs in the context of evolution and the three dimensional organisation of the chromosome in order to gain insights into the mutual relationship of SDs and chromatin topology. RESULTS: Intrachromosomal SDs preferentially accumulate in those segments of chromosome 7 that are homologous to marmoset chromosome 2. Although this formerly compact segment has been re-distributed to three different sites during primate evolution, we can show by means of public data on long distance chromatin interactions that these three intervals, and consequently the paralogous SDs mapping to them, have retained their spatial proximity in the nucleus. Focusing on SD clusters implicated in the aetiology of the Williams-Beuren syndrome locus we demonstrate by cross-species comparison that these SDs have inserted at the borders of a topological domain and that they flank regions with distinct DNA conformation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests a link of nuclear architecture and the propagation of SDs across chromosome 7, either by promoting regional SD insertion or by contributing to the establishment of higher order chromatin organisation themselves. The latter could compensate for the high risk of structural rearrangements and thus may have contributed to their evolutionary fixation in the human genome.',
'date' => '2014-06-29',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24973960',
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'modified' => '2015-07-24 15:39:03',
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'name' => 'Histone lysine trimethylation or acetylation can be modulated by phytoestrogen, estrogen or anti-HDAC in breast cancer cell lines.',
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'description' => '<p>AIM: The isoflavones genistein, daidzein and equol (daidzein metabolite) have been reported to interact with epigenetic modifications, specifically hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes. The objective of this study was to analyze and understand the mechanisms by which phytoestrogens act on chromatin in breast cancer cell lines. MATERIALS & METHODS: Two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231, were treated with genistein (18.5 µM), daidzein (78.5 µM), equol (12.8 µM), 17β-estradiol (10 nM) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (1 µM) for 48 h. A control with untreated cells was performed. 17β-estradiol and an anti-HDAC were used to compare their actions with phytoestrogens. The chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative PCR was used to follow soy phytoestrogen effects on H3 and H4 histones on H3K27me3, H3K9me3, H3K4me3, H4K8ac and H3K4ac marks, and we selected six genes (EZH2, BRCA1, ERα, ERβ, SRC3 and P300) for analysis. RESULTS: Soy phytoestrogens induced a decrease in trimethylated marks and an increase in acetylating marks studied at six selected genes. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that soy phytoestrogens tend to modify transcription through the demethylation and acetylation of histones in breast cancer cell lines.</p>',
'date' => '2013-02-01',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23414320',
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'author' => 'Dr. Ermelinda Lomazzo, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, AG Prof. Beat Lutz. University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany',
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'description' => '<p>AIM: The isoflavones genistein, daidzein and equol (daidzein metabolite) have been reported to interact with epigenetic modifications, specifically hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes. The objective of this study was to analyze and understand the mechanisms by which phytoestrogens act on chromatin in breast cancer cell lines. MATERIALS & METHODS: Two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231, were treated with genistein (18.5 µM), daidzein (78.5 µM), equol (12.8 µM), 17β-estradiol (10 nM) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (1 µM) for 48 h. A control with untreated cells was performed. 17β-estradiol and an anti-HDAC were used to compare their actions with phytoestrogens. The chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative PCR was used to follow soy phytoestrogen effects on H3 and H4 histones on H3K27me3, H3K9me3, H3K4me3, H4K8ac and H3K4ac marks, and we selected six genes (EZH2, BRCA1, ERα, ERβ, SRC3 and P300) for analysis. RESULTS: Soy phytoestrogens induced a decrease in trimethylated marks and an increase in acetylating marks studied at six selected genes. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that soy phytoestrogens tend to modify transcription through the demethylation and acetylation of histones in breast cancer cell lines.</p>',
'date' => '2013-02-01',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23414320',
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103- 050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-maglow-016) on sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells using the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration of the antibody consisting of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the c-fos promoter and for the Sat2 satellite repeat region. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Mouse NIH3T3 cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H4K8ac antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to Alexa488. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103- 050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-maglow-016) on sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells using the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration of the antibody consisting of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the c-fos promoter and for the Sat2 satellite repeat region. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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'name' => 'H4K8ac Antibody',
'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against the region of <strong>histone H4</strong> containing the <strong>acethylated lysine 8</strong> <strong>(H4K8ac)</strong>, using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_ChIP.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103- 050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-maglow-016) on sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells using the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration of the antibody consisting of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the c-fos promoter and for the Sat2 satellite repeat region. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_ELISA.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody ELISA validation" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the purified antibody was estimated to be 1:16,700. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_dotblot.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K8. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_WB.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Western Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="146" height="153" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_IF.jpg" alt="H4K8ac Antibody validated in Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Mouse NIH3T3 cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H4K8ac antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to Alexa488. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
<p><em></em>Check our selection of antibodies validated in Western blot.</p>',
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<p>Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive antibodies validated in IF.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200229-IF.jpg" alt="" height="245" width="256" /></p>
<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
<h5><sup>Check our selection of antibodies validated in IF.</sup></h5>',
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'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
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<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
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<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-6 large-6 columns"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410003-fig1-ChIP.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="315" /> </div>
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<p>Our aim at Diagenode is to offer the largest collection of highly specific <strong>ChIP-grade antibodies</strong>. We add new antibodies monthly. Find your ChIP-grade antibody in the list below and check more information about tested applications, extensive validation data, and product information.</p>',
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'description' => '<p>The pluripotent ground state is defined as a basal state free of epigenetic restrictions, which influence lineage specification. While naive embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be maintained in a hypomethylated state with open chromatin when grown using two small-molecule inhibitors (2i)/leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), in contrast to serum/LIF-grown ESCs that resemble early post-implantation embryos, broader features of the ground-state pluripotent epigenome are not well understood. We identified epigenetic features of mouse ESCs cultured using 2i/LIF or serum/LIF by proteomic profiling of chromatin-associated complexes and histone modifications. Polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and its product H3K27me3 are highly abundant in 2i/LIF ESCs, and H3K27me3 is distributed genome-wide in a CpG-dependent fashion. Consistently, PRC2-deficient ESCs showed increased DNA methylation at sites normally occupied by H3K27me3 and increased H4 acetylation. Inhibiting DNA methylation in PRC2-deficient ESCs did not affect their viability or transcriptome. Our findings suggest a unique H3K27me3 configuration protects naive ESCs from lineage priming, and they reveal widespread epigenetic crosstalk in ground-state pluripotency.</p>',
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'description' => '<p>Citrate, a central component of cellular metabolism, is a widely used anti-coagulant due to its ability to chelate calcium. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-citrate lyase, which metabolizes citrate, has been shown to be essential for inflammation, but the ability of exogenous citrate to impact inflammatory signalling cascades remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that citrate would modulate inflammatory responses as both a cellular metabolite and calcium chelator, and tested this hypothesis by determining how clinically relevant levels of citrate modulate monocyte proinflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a human acute monocytic leukaemia cell line (THP-1). In normal medium (0·4 mM calcium), citrate inhibited LPS-induced tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8 transcripts, whereas in medium supplemented with calcium (1·4 mM), TNF-α and IL-8 levels increased and appeared independent of calcium chelation. Using an IL-8-luciferase plasmid construct, the same increased response was observed in the activation of the IL-8 promoter region, suggesting transcriptional regulation. Tricarballylic acid, an inhibitor of ATP-citrate lyase, blocked the ability of citrate to augment TNF-α, linking citrate's augmentation effect with its metabolism by ATP-citrate lyase. In the presence of citrate, increased histone acetylation was observed in the TNF-α and IL-8 promoter regions of THP-1 cells. We observed that citrate can both augment and inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production via modulation of inflammatory gene transactivation. These findings suggest that citrate anti-coagulation may alter immune function through complex interactions with the inflammatory response.</p>',
'date' => '2015-06-01',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25619261',
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'name' => 'Distribution of segmental duplications in the context of higher order chromatin organisation of human chromosome 7.',
'authors' => 'Ebert G, Steininger A, Weißmann R, Boldt V, Lind-Thomsen A, Grune J, Badelt S, Heßler M, Peiser M, Hitzler M, Jensen LR, Müller I, Hu H, Arndt PF, Kuss AW, Tebel K, Ullmann R',
'description' => 'BACKGROUND: Segmental duplications (SDs) are not evenly distributed along chromosomes. The reasons for this biased susceptibility to SD insertion are poorly understood. Accumulation of SDs is associated with increased genomic instability, which can lead to structural variants and genomic disorders such as the Williams-Beuren syndrome. Despite these adverse effects, SDs have become fixed in the human genome. Focusing on chromosome 7, which is particularly rich in interstitial SDs, we have investigated the distribution of SDs in the context of evolution and the three dimensional organisation of the chromosome in order to gain insights into the mutual relationship of SDs and chromatin topology. RESULTS: Intrachromosomal SDs preferentially accumulate in those segments of chromosome 7 that are homologous to marmoset chromosome 2. Although this formerly compact segment has been re-distributed to three different sites during primate evolution, we can show by means of public data on long distance chromatin interactions that these three intervals, and consequently the paralogous SDs mapping to them, have retained their spatial proximity in the nucleus. Focusing on SD clusters implicated in the aetiology of the Williams-Beuren syndrome locus we demonstrate by cross-species comparison that these SDs have inserted at the borders of a topological domain and that they flank regions with distinct DNA conformation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests a link of nuclear architecture and the propagation of SDs across chromosome 7, either by promoting regional SD insertion or by contributing to the establishment of higher order chromatin organisation themselves. The latter could compensate for the high risk of structural rearrangements and thus may have contributed to their evolutionary fixation in the human genome.',
'date' => '2014-06-29',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24973960',
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'description' => '<p>AIM: The isoflavones genistein, daidzein and equol (daidzein metabolite) have been reported to interact with epigenetic modifications, specifically hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes. The objective of this study was to analyze and understand the mechanisms by which phytoestrogens act on chromatin in breast cancer cell lines. MATERIALS & METHODS: Two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231, were treated with genistein (18.5 µM), daidzein (78.5 µM), equol (12.8 µM), 17β-estradiol (10 nM) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (1 µM) for 48 h. A control with untreated cells was performed. 17β-estradiol and an anti-HDAC were used to compare their actions with phytoestrogens. The chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative PCR was used to follow soy phytoestrogen effects on H3 and H4 histones on H3K27me3, H3K9me3, H3K4me3, H4K8ac and H3K4ac marks, and we selected six genes (EZH2, BRCA1, ERα, ERβ, SRC3 and P300) for analysis. RESULTS: Soy phytoestrogens induced a decrease in trimethylated marks and an increase in acetylating marks studied at six selected genes. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that soy phytoestrogens tend to modify transcription through the demethylation and acetylation of histones in breast cancer cell lines.</p>',
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103- 050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-maglow-016) on sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells using the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration of the antibody consisting of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the c-fos promoter and for the Sat2 satellite repeat region. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the purified antibody was estimated to be 1:16,700. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K8. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Mouse NIH3T3 cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H4K8ac antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to Alexa488. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Mouse NIH3T3 cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H4K8ac antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to Alexa488. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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'description' => '<p><span>I have extensively used the antibodies against the histone modifications <a href="../p/h3k4me3-monoclonal-antibody-classic-50-ug-50-ul">H3K4me3</a>, <a href="../p/h3k27me3-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-34-ml">H3k27me3</a>, <a href="../p/h3k9ac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-ug-37-ul">H3K9ac</a>, <a href="../p/h4k8ac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-41-ml">H4k8ac</a> and <a href="../p/h3k18ac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-62-ml">H3K18ac</a> provided by Diagenode. The high level of specificity and selectivity of these antibodies in mouse brain samples, confirmed by using several negative and positive controls run in parallel with mouse brain tissue samples, ensured successful and reproducible results. I have been a Diagenode costumer for over one year now and I am extremely satisfied with the efficiency of the Bioruptor Pico for chromatin shearing as well as all of the ChIP materials (i.e., <a href="../categories/antibodies">antibodies</a>, blocking peptides, primer pairs for qPCR) provided by this company. Many thanks.</span></p>',
'author' => 'Dr. Ermelinda Lomazzo, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, AG Prof. Beat Lutz. University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany',
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'antibody_id' => '181',
'name' => 'H4K8ac Antibody (sample size)',
'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against the region of histone H4 containing the acethylated lysine 20 (H4K8ac), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_ChIP.jpg" alt="ChIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103- 050) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “LowCell# ChIP” kit (cat. No. kch-maglow-016) on sheared chromatin from 10,000 cells using the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration of the antibody consisting of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg per ChIP experiment was analysed. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the c-fos promoter and for the Sat2 satellite repeat region. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_ELISA.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050), crude serum and flow through in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a peptide containing the histone modification of interest. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the purified antibody was estimated to be 1:16,700. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_dotblot.jpg" alt="Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Cross reactivity test using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> A Dot Blot analysis was performed to test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K8. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_WB.jpg" alt="Western blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Histone extracts of HeLa cells (15 μg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) diluted 1:200 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410103_IF.jpg" alt="Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode antibody directed against H4K8ac</strong><br /> Mouse NIH3T3 cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H4K8ac (cat. No. pAb-103-050) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H4K8ac antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to Alexa488. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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'sf_code' => 'C15410103-D001-000582',
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'meta_title' => 'H4K8ac Antibody - ChIP Grade (C15410103) | Diagenode',
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'meta_description' => 'H4K8ac (Histone H4 acetylated at lysine 8) Polyclonal Antibody validated in ChIP-qPCR, ELISA, DB, WB and IF. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available',
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'slug' => 'chip-qpcr-antibodies',
'meta_keywords' => 'Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing,ChIP-Seq,ChIP-seq grade antibodies,DNA purification,qPCR,Shearing of chromatin',
'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers a wide range of antibodies and technical support for ChIP-qPCR applications',
'meta_title' => 'ChIP Quantitative PCR Antibodies (ChIP-qPCR) | Diagenode',
'modified' => '2016-01-20 11:30:24',
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'name' => 'ChIP-qPCR (ab)',
'description' => '',
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'tabular' => true,
'slug' => 'chip-qpcr-antibodies',
'meta_keywords' => 'Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing,ChIP-Seq,ChIP-seq grade antibodies,DNA purification,qPCR,Shearing of chromatin',
'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers a wide range of antibodies and technical support for ChIP-qPCR applications',
'meta_title' => 'ChIP Quantitative PCR Antibodies (ChIP-qPCR) | Diagenode',
'modified' => '2016-01-20 11:30:24',
'created' => '2015-10-20 11:45:36',
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$name = 'ChIP-qPCR (ab)'
$document = array(
'id' => '38',
'name' => 'Epigenetic Antibodies Brochure',
'description' => '<p>More than in any other immuoprecipitation assays, quality antibodies are critical tools in many epigenetics experiments. Since 10 years, Diagenode has developed the most stringent quality production available on the market for antibodies exclusively focused on epigenetic uses. All our antibodies have been qualified to work in epigenetic applications.</p>',
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'type' => 'Brochure',
'url' => 'files/brochures/Epigenetic_Antibodies_Brochure.pdf',
'slug' => 'epigenetic-antibodies-brochure',
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'modified' => '2016-06-15 11:24:06',
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'name' => 'H4K8ac Antibody SDS BE nl',
'language' => 'nl',
'url' => 'files/SDS/H4K8ac/SDS-C15410103-H4K8ac_Antibody-BE-nl-GHS_1_0.pdf',
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'modified' => '2023-01-26 09:53:23',
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'id' => '1497',
'name' => 'Histone lysine trimethylation or acetylation can be modulated by phytoestrogen, estrogen or anti-HDAC in breast cancer cell lines.',
'authors' => 'Dagdemir A, Durif J, Ngollo M, Bignon YJ, Bernard-Gallon D',
'description' => '<p>AIM: The isoflavones genistein, daidzein and equol (daidzein metabolite) have been reported to interact with epigenetic modifications, specifically hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes. The objective of this study was to analyze and understand the mechanisms by which phytoestrogens act on chromatin in breast cancer cell lines. MATERIALS & METHODS: Two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231, were treated with genistein (18.5 µM), daidzein (78.5 µM), equol (12.8 µM), 17β-estradiol (10 nM) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (1 µM) for 48 h. A control with untreated cells was performed. 17β-estradiol and an anti-HDAC were used to compare their actions with phytoestrogens. The chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative PCR was used to follow soy phytoestrogen effects on H3 and H4 histones on H3K27me3, H3K9me3, H3K4me3, H4K8ac and H3K4ac marks, and we selected six genes (EZH2, BRCA1, ERα, ERβ, SRC3 and P300) for analysis. RESULTS: Soy phytoestrogens induced a decrease in trimethylated marks and an increase in acetylating marks studied at six selected genes. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that soy phytoestrogens tend to modify transcription through the demethylation and acetylation of histones in breast cancer cell lines.</p>',
'date' => '2013-02-01',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23414320',
'doi' => '',
'modified' => '2016-05-03 12:17:35',
'created' => '2015-07-24 15:39:00',
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