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TET2 monoclonal antibody

CUT&Tag grade Abs

ChIP-seq grade Abs

ChIP grade Abs

Negative IgG control

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Antibodies

Catalog Number

Format

Price

C15200179
(MAb-179-050)

50 μg/50 μl

$380.00
Bulk order

Other format

C15200179-10

10 μg/10 μl

Alternative name: MDS
Monoclonal antibody raised in mouse against a recombinant protein containing the N-terminal 300 amino acids of human TET2 (tet oncogene family member 2).

Lot	005
Concentration	1.5 µg/µl
Species reactivity	Human, mouse
Type	Monoclonal
Purity	Protein G purified
Host	Mouse
Precautions	This product is for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Applications	Suggested dilution	References
Western Blotting	1:1,000 - 1:5,000	Fig 1, 2
Immunoprecipitation	5 μg/mg of RIPA lysate	Fig 2

Validation Data

Figure 1. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against TET2
Figure 1A. Whole cell extracts from HeLa cells (40 µg) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET2 (cat. No. C15200179), diluted 1:2,000 in PBS containing 10% milk. The position of the protein of interest (expected MW 224 kDa) is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.
Figure 1B. Western blot on mouse E14 ES cells. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000.

Figure 2. Immunoprecipitation using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against TET2
IP was performed on 250 µg HL60 RIPA cell lysate using the Diagenode antibody against TET2 (cat. No. C15200179) (lane 3) or an IgG negative control (lane 2). The samples were analysed by Western blot analysis as described above. The input sample (25 µg RIPA lysate) was used as a positive control (lane 1).
Target description
TET2 (UniProt/Swiss-Prot entry Q6N021) is a methylcytosine dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA and is abundant in Purkinje neurons, granule cells, embryonic stem cells, and brain tissue, especially in areas that are associated with higher cognitive function. Although its precise role has still to be shown, recent studies indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. Mutations in TET2 have been associated with myeloproliferative diseases such as essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera and primary myelofibrosis.

出版物

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Vitamin C enhances NF-κB-driven epigenomic reprogramming andboosts the immunogenic properties of dendritic cells.
Morante-Palacios O. et al.
Dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen-presenting cells, are necessary for effective activation of naïve T cells. DCs' immunological properties are modulated in response to various stimuli. Active DNA demethylation is crucial for DC differentiation and function. Vitamin C, a known cofactor of ten-eleven...

Coordinated glucocorticoid receptor and MAFB action inducestolerogenesis and epigenome remodeling in dendritic cells
Morante-Palacios Octavio et al.
Abstract Glucocorticoids (GCs) exert potent anti-inflammatory effects in immune cells through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Dendritic cells (DCs), central actors for coordinating immune responses, acquire tolerogenic properties in response to GCs. Tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) have emerged as a potential treatment fo...

TET2 inhibits tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells by regulating caspase-4.
Zhu X, Li S
Epigenetic regulators have been shown to influence breast cancer progression. However, the detailed mechanism by which TET2 plays the suppressive role in tumorigenesis remains not completely understood. We employed RT-qPCR and westernblot to examine genes expression. Next, the bisulphite sequencing PCR was used to d...

The Role of N-α-acetyltransferase 10 Protein in DNA Methylation and Genomic Imprinting
Lee C.C. et al.
Genomic imprinting is an allelic gene expression phenomenon primarily controlled by allele-specific DNA methylation at the imprinting control region (ICR), but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. N-α-acetyltransferase 10 protein (Naa10p) catalyzes N-α-acetylation of nascent proteins, and mu...

TET2- and TDG-mediated changes are required for the acquisition of distinct histone modifications in divergent terminal differentiation of myeloid cells
Garcia-Gomez A. et al.
The plasticity of myeloid cells is illustrated by a diversity of functions including their role as effectors of innate immunity as macrophages (MACs) and bone remodelling as osteoclasts (OCs). TET2, a methylcytosine dioxygenase highly expressed in these cells and frequently mutated in myeloid leukemias, may be a key...

TET2 binds the androgen receptor and loss is associated with prostate cancer
Nickerson M.L. et al.
Genetic alterations associated with prostate cancer (PCa) may be identified by sequencing metastatic tumour genomes to identify molecular markers at this lethal stage of disease. Previously, we characterized somatic alterations in metastatic tumours in the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2)...

TET-catalyzed oxidation of intragenic 5-methylcytosine regulates CTCF-dependent alternative splicing.
Marina RJ et al.
Intragenic 5-methylcytosine and CTCF mediate opposing effects on pre-mRNA splicing: CTCF promotes inclusion of weak upstream exons through RNA polymerase II pausing, whereas 5-methylcytosine evicts CTCF, leading to exon exclusion. However, the mechanisms governing dynamic DNA methylation at CTCF-binding sites were u...

Single-Base Resolution Analysis of 5-Formyl and 5-Carboxyl Cytosine Reveals Promoter DNA Methylation Dynamics.
Neri F, Incarnato D, Krepelova A, Rapelli S, Anselmi F, Parlato C, Medana C, Dal Bello F, Oliviero S
Ten eleven translocation (Tet) proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). 5fC and 5caC can be further excised by thymine-DNA glycosylase (Tdg). Here, we present a genome-wide approach, named methylation-assisted bisulfite seq...

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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/c15200179-fig2-ip.jpg" alt="Immunoprecipitation" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="222" height="135" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Immunoprecipitation using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against TET2 </strong><br />IP was performed on 250 &micro;g HL60 RIPA cell lysate using the Diagenode antibody against TET2 (cat. No. C15200179) (lane 3) or an IgG negative control (lane 2). The samples were analysed by Western blot analysis as described above. The input sample (25 &micro;g RIPA lysate) was used as a positive control (lane 1). </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>TET2 (UniProt/Swiss-Prot entry Q6N021) is a methylcytosine dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA and is abundant in Purkinje neurons, granule cells, embryonic stem cells, and brain tissue, especially in areas that are associated with higher cognitive function. Although its precise role has still to be shown, recent studies indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. Mutations in TET2 have been associated with myeloproliferative diseases such as essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera and primary myelofibrosis.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 μg/50 μl',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15200179',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'MAb-179-050',
			'sf_code' => 'C15200179-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => 'tet2-monoclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-50-ml',
			'meta_title' => 'TET2 Monoclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '',
			'meta_description' => 'TET2 (Tet oncogene family member 2) Monoclonal Antibody  validated  in IP and WB. Batch-specific data available on the website. Alternative name: MDS',
			'modified' => '2023-12-14 15:13:33',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20'
		),
		'Product' => array(
			(int) 0 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'Related' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '1980',
			'antibody_id' => '630',
			'name' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3',
			'description' => '<p><span>Monoclonal antibody raised in mouse against&nbsp;</span><b>5-mC</b><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(</span><b>5-methylcytosine</b><span>) conjugated to ovalbumine (</span><b>33D3 clone</b><span>).</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_ChIPSeq-A.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP-seq" caption="false" width="886" height="173" /></p>
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_ChIPSeq-B.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP-seq" caption="false" width="886" height="184" /></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. MeDIP-seq with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br /> Genomic DNA from E14 ES cells was sheared with the Bioruptor&reg; to generate random fragments (size range 300 to 700 bp). One &micro;g of the fragmented DNA was ligated to Illumina adapters and the resulting DNA was used for a standard MeDIP assay, using 2 &micro;g of the Diagenode monoclonal against 5-mC (Cat. No. C15200081). After recovery of the methylated DNA, Illumina sequencing libraries were generated and sequenced on an Illumina Genome Analyzer according to the manufacturer&rsquo;s instructions. Figure 1A and 1B show Genome browser views of CA simple repeat elements with read distributions specific for 5-mC at 2 gene locations (SigleC15 and Mfsd4). Visual inspection of the peak profiles in a genome browser reveals high enrichment of CA simple repeats in affinity-enriched methylated fragments after MeDIP with the Diagenode 5-mC monoclonal antibody.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_medip.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP" caption="false" width="355" height="372" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. MeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br /> MeDIP (Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation) was performed on 1 &micro;g fragmented human genomic DNA using 0.2 &micro;g of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against 5-mC (cat. No. C15200081) and the MagMeDIP Kit (cat. No. C02010021). The fragmented DNA was spiked with the internal controls present in the kit (methylated DNA (meDNA) as a positive and unmethylated DNA (unDNA) as a negative control) prior to performing the IP. QPCR was performed with optimized primer sets, included in the kit, specific for the methylated and unmethylated DNA controls, and for a known methylated (TSH2B) and unmethylated (GAPDH) genomic region. Figure 2 shows the recovery expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis).</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-3 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_Dotblot.png" alt=" 5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in dot blot" caption="false" width="201" height="196" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 3. Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-mC (cat. No. C15200081), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (cat. No. C02040010). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the methylated control.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_IF1.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody for immunofluorescence" height="121" width="500" caption="false" /></center></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against 5-mC (Cat. No. C15200081) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10&rsquo; and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the 5-mC antibody (middle) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<!--
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_SPR.png" alt="5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody" surface="" plasmon="" resonance="" caption="false" width="700" height="372" /></center></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 5. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis of the the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />A synthesized biotin-labeled 5-mC conjugate was immobilized on a CM4 BIAcore sensorchip (GE Healthcare, France). Briefly, two flowcells were prepared by sequential injections of EDC/NHS, streptavidin, and ethanolamine. One of these flowcells served as negative control (biotinylated spacer without 5-mC), while biotinylated 5-mC conjugate was injected in the other one, to get an immobilization level of 55 response units (RU). All SPR experiments were performed, using HBS-N buffer (10 mM HEPES,150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), at a flow rate of 5 &micro;l/min. Interaction assays involved injections of 2 different dilutions of the Diagenode 5-mC monoclonal antibody (Cat. No. C15200081) over the biotinylated 5-mC conjugate and negative control surfaces, followed by a 3 min washing step with HBS-N buffer to allow dissociation of the complexes formed. At the end of each cycle, the streptavidin surface was regenerated by injection of 0.1M citric acid (pH=3).</small></p>
<p><small>The sensorgrams correspond to the biotinylated 5-mC conjugate surface signal subtracted with the negative control. Data from the sensorgrams that reached binding equilibrium were used for Scatchard analysis. The value of the dissociation constant (kd) obtained by global fitting and 1:1 Langmuir model is 65 nM.</small></p>
</div>
</div>-->',
			'label2' => '',
			'info2' => '',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15200081-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'MAb-081-100',
			'sf_code' => 'C15200081-D001-000526',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '505',
			'price_USD' => '575',
			'price_GBP' => '450',
			'price_JPY' => '79110',
			'price_CNY' => '0',
			'price_AUD' => '1438',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => 'October 27, 2020',
			'slug' => '5-mc-monoclonal-antibody-33d3-premium-100-ug-50-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3 (C15200081) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC),monoclonal antibody,Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation',
			'meta_description' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Monoclonal Antibody, clone 33D3  validated  in MeDIP-seq, MeDIP, DB and IF. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2023-05-17 10:08:33',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
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		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '2033',
			'antibody_id' => '59',
			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rat) ',
			'description' => '<p>5<span>-hmC is a DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15220001-fig1.png" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Hydroxymethylated DNA IP results obtained with our hMeDIP kit (Cat. No. AF-104-0016)</strong><br /> Hydroxymethylated DNA IP (hMeDIP) assays were performed using the Diagenode hMeDIP kit. This kit includes: the monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. MAb-633HMC-050), 5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA standards &amp; Rat IgG (Cat. No. AF-105-0025). The DNA was prepared with the GenDNA module and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. 1 &mu;g of mouse ES cells DNA was spiked with 0.025 ng of each DNA standard. The IP&rsquo;d material has been analysed by qPCR using the primer pairs specific to the control sequences. The obtained results are as follows: - hMeDIP on unmethylated control &bull; with Rat IgG as negative control (0.06%, almost no recovery) &bull; with 5-hmC antibody (0.61%, almost no recovery) - hMeDIP on methylated control &bull; with Rat IgG as negative control (0.03%, almost no recovery) &bull; with 5-hmC antibody (0.62%, almost no recovery) - hMeDIP on hydroxymethylated control &bull; with Rat IgG as negative control (0.04%, almost no recovery) &bull; with 5-hmC (97.60% recovery, almost full recovery) These results clearly demonstrate the high specificity and efficiency of the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine monoclonal antibody.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15220001-fig2.png" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="375" height="274" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. Determination of the 5-hmC rat monoclonal antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-hmC (Cat No. MAb-633HMC-050, MAb-633HMC-100) in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a 5-hmC base coupled to KHL. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:25,000.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15220001-fig3.png" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="190" height="192" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 3. Dot blot analysis of the Diagenode 5-hmC and 5-mC monoclonal antibodies with the C, mC and hmC PCR controls</strong><br />Figure 3A: Approximately 200 ng, equivalent 10 pmol of C-bases, of the hmC (1), mC (2) and C (3) PCR controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat. No. AF-101-0002) were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The membrane was incubated with 5-hydroxymethylcytosine rat monoclonal antibody (dilution 1:500 ; 4 &mu;g/ml final concentration), followed by an HRP conjugated anti-rat secondary antibody. The membrane was exposed during 30 seconds. Figure 3B: Incubation of the same membrane with the 5-methylcytosine mouse monoclonal antibody (Cat. No. MAb-335MEC-100/500) (dilution 1:250). Note that the membrane was not stripped after the 5-hmC incubation. The left spot represents the remaining hmC signal. This result confirms that an equal amount of mC bases was spotted at position 2.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15220001-fig4.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="115" height="232" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 4. Dot blot analysis of the Diagenode 5-hmC rat monoclonal antibody with the C, mC and hmC PCR controls</strong><br />200 to 2 ng (equivalent of 10 to 0.1 pmol of C-base) of the hmC (1), mC (2) and C (3) PCR controls from the Diagenode &laquo; 5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat. No. AF-101-0020) were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The membrane was incubated with 4 &mu;g/ml (dilution 1:500) of the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine rat monoclonal antibody, followed by an HRP conjugated anti-rat secondary antibody. The membrane was exposed for 30 seconds.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15220001',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'MAb-633HMC-050',
			'sf_code' => 'C15220001-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-monoclonal-antibody-rat-classic-50-ug-32-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Monoclonal Antibody (rat) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,5-hmC, 5-mC,monoclonal antibody ,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Monoclonal Antibody (rat)  validated  in hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available',
			'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:58:50',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '2009',
			'antibody_id' => '47',
			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (mouse) ',
			'description' => '<p>One of the&nbsp;<strong>only two monoclonal antibodies raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC).</strong>&nbsp;5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</p>
<p><strong></strong></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200200-fig1.png" alt="ChIP" width="160" caption="false" height="280" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1. An hydroxymethylated DNA IP (hMeDIP) was performed using the Diagenode mouse monoclonal antibody directed against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. MAb-31HMC-020, MAb-31HMC-050, MAb-31HMC-100).</strong> <br />The IgG isotype antibodies from mouse (Cat. No. kch-819-015) was used as negative control. The DNA was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to have DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. 1 &mu;g of human Hela cells DNA were spiked with non-methylated, methylated, and hydroxymethylated PCR fragments. The IP&rsquo;d material has been analysed by qPCR using the primer pair specific for the 3 different control sequences. The obtained results show that the mouse monoclonal for 5-hmC is highly specific for this base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C bases containing fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200200-fig2.png" alt="ELISA" width="190" caption="false" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the 5-hmC mouse monoclonal antibody titer </strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode mouse monoclonal antibody directed against 5-hmC (Cat No. MAb-31HMC-050, MAb-31HMC-100) in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was KHL coupled to 5-hmC base. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:40,000. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200200-fig3.png" alt="Dot Blot" width="100" caption="false" height="137" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Dotblot analysis of the Diagenode 5-hmC mouse monoclonal antibody with the C, mC and hmC PCR controls </strong><br />200 to 2 ng (equivalent of 10 to 0.1 pmol of C-bases) of the hmC (1), mC (2) and C (3) PCR controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0020) were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The membrane was incubated with 2 &mu;g/ml of the mouse 5-hydroxymethylcytosine monoclonal antibody (dilution 1:500). The membranes were exposed for 30 seconds. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 µg/50 µl',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15200200',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'Mab-31HMC-050',
			'sf_code' => 'C15200200-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-monoclonal-antibody-mouse-classic-50-ug-50-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Monoclonal Antibody (mouse) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,monoclonal antibody ,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Monoclonal Antibody (mouse)  validated  in hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:52:54',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '2138',
			'antibody_id' => '37',
			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310210-elisa.png" alt="ELISA" width="342" height="266" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Determination of the 5-hmC rabbit polyclonal antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against 5-hmC in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was BSA coupled to the 5-hmC base. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1: 3,500. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310210-fig2.png" alt="" width="161" height="399" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. An hydroxymethylated DNA IP (hMeDIP) was performed using the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. CS-HMC-100).</strong><br />The IgG isotype antibodies from rabbit (Cat. No. kch-504-250) was used as negative control. The DNA was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to have DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. 1 &mu;g of human Hela cells DNA were spiked with non-methylated, methylated, and hydroxymethylated fragments. The IP&rsquo;d material has been analysed by qPCR using the primer pair specific for the 3 different control sequences. The obtained results show that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal for 5-hmC is highly specific for this base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C bases containing fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310210-fig3.png" alt="Dot Blot" width="135" height="119" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 3. Dotblot analysis of the Diagenode 5-hmC rabbit polyclonal antibody with the C, mC and hmC PCR controls</strong><br />100 to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the hmC, mC and C PCR controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002) were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The membrane was incubated with the rabbit 5-hydroxymethylcytosine polyclonal antibody (dilution 1:200). The membranes were exposed for 30 seconds. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µl',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15310210-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'CS-HMC-100',
			'sf_code' => 'C15310210-D001-001161',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'Japan',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-100-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,5-hmC, 5-mC,polyclonal antibody ,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in hMeDIP, ELISA  and DB. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available',
			'modified' => '2022-01-05 15:27:19',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'id' => '2677',
			'antibody_id' => '35',
			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 μg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410205',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'pAb-HMC-050',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410205-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-50-ug',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,Polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in  hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:44:20',
			'created' => '2015-07-31 14:55:13',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'id' => '2136',
			'antibody_id' => '440',
			'name' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Antibody ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-DIP.png" alt="DIP" height="433" width="400" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. DIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC</strong><br />HEK293 cells were transfected with a reporter gene and hydroxymethylated in vitro with either a pCAG expression vector containing the TET2 catalytic domain (TET2cd) or a negative control pCAG vector. DIP assays were performed on 4 &mu;g of sheared and denatured DNA using 3 &mu;l of the Diagenode antibody against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200) in a total of 500 &mu;l IP buffer. QPCR was performed with primers specific for the reporter gene. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (mean +standard deviation of 3 different experiments).</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-fig1.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="277" width="379" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. Determination of the titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200). The plates were coated with the immunogen. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be &gt;1:100,000.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>Until a few years ago, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was the only known modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was discovered. This new modified base is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-mC into 5-hmC by the TET family of oxygenases.</p>
<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. As such it may play a role in the regulation of gene activity. This pathway includes further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group, both catalyzed by TET oxygenases. The formyl and carboxyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) can be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC, 5-hmC and 5-caC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-fC.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µl',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15310200',
			'old_catalog_number' => '',
			'sf_code' => 'C15310200-D001-001161',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'Japan',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-formylcytosine-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC), polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in DIP and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2023-01-30 14:16:16',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '2280',
			'antibody_id' => '234',
			'name' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Antibody ',
			'description' => '<div data-canvas-width="124.25999999999996" style="left: 329.401px; top: 425.793px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.0021);">Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-Carboxylcytosine (5ca-CMP monophosphate) conjugated to BSA.</div>
<p><span>&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><strong></strong></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-3 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-Dotblot.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 1. Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050), a Dot Blot analysis was performed using synthetic oligonucleotides containing different modified C-bases (indicated in red). 125 and 25 ng of the respective oligo&rsquo;s were bound to a Streptavindin-coated multi-well plate. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. The binding of antibody to the DNA was measured by ECL chemiluminescence. Figure 1 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the carboxylated cytosine. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-Immunostaining.jpg" alt="Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 2. Immunofluorescence assay using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> 293T cells were transfected with either the mouse FLAG-tagged wild-type Tet1 (Tet1 CD) or the catalytically inactive FLAG-tagged C-terminal domain of Tet1 (Tet1 mCD) and stained with the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050), diluted 1:500, and with an anti-FLAG antibody, followed by DAPI counterstaining. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-chip.jpg" alt="Immunoprecipitation" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 3. Immunoprecipitation using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> Immunoprecipitation was performed with the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050) on 2 &mu;g of J1 ES genomic DNA, spiked with 1 pg of a control DNA fragment (approximately 700 bp from the RFP (Ring finger protein) gene) containing different cytosine modifications. The mC and hmC control DNA was generated by PCR with the corresponding nucleotide. The caC control fragment was obtained by in vitro methylation using M.SssI methyltransferase followed by oxidation with purified Tet2. The IP&rsquo;d DNA was subsequently anaysed by qPCR using primers specific for the control DNA fragments and for GAPDH, used as a negative control. Figure 3 shows the enrichment calculated as the ratio of the recovery of the control DNA versus the recovery of the GAPDH negative control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>Until recently, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was the only known modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was discovered. This new modified base (also called the Sixth base) is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-mC into 5-hmC by the TET family of oxygenases.</p>
<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. This pathway could involve further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group followed by either deformylation or decarboxylation. The carboxyl and formyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) could be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC and 5-hmC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-Carboxycytosine.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410204-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'pAb-caC-100',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410204-D001-000526',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-cac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ug',
			'meta_title' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => 'Immunoprecipitation,5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC),polyclonal antibody',
			'meta_description' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in DB, IF and IP. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available',
			'modified' => '2024-01-17 20:11:37',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'id' => '2429',
			'antibody_id' => '429',
			'name' => 'TET3 Antibody ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against TET3 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 3), using 4 KLH-conjugated synthetic peptides containing sequences from different parts of the protein.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-ELISA.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="301" width="400" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of Diagenode antibody directed against mouse TET3 (cat. No. C15410311). The plates were coated with the peptides used for immunization of the rabbit. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:20,300.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-WB.jpg" alt="Western blot" height="167" width="123" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 2. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br />Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-WB2.jpg" alt="Western blot" height="185" width="142" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br /> Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:200 in TBS- Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. Lane 2 shows the results after incubation of the antibody with the immunizing peptides. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>TET3 (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry O43151) is a member of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) gene family which play a role in the DNA methylation process. It catalyzes the conversion of the modified genomic base 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) which is the first step in demethylation of the DNA. TET3 may therefore play an important role in gene activation and plays a key role in epigenetic chromatin reprogramming in the zygote following fertilization. Diseases associated with TET3 include acute myeloid leukemia.</p>',
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			'price_JPY' => '40730',
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			'meta_title' => 'TET3 Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
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			'meta_description' => 'TET3 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 3) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in WB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. ',
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			'description' => '<p><strong>Western blot</strong> : The quality of antibodies used in this technique is crucial for correct and specific protein identification. Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive and specific western blot-validated antibodies.</p>
<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
<p><em></em>Check our selection of antibodies validated in Western blot.</p>',
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			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers a wide range of antibodies and technical support for western blot applications',
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			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers a wide range of antibodies and technical support for Immunoprecipitation applications',
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			'name' => 'DNA modifications',
			'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">T</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">he pattern of <strong>DNA modifications</strong> is critical for genome stability and the control of gene expression in the cell. Methylation of 5-cytosine (5-mC), one of the best-studied epigenetic marks, is carried out by the <strong>DNA methyltransferases</strong> DNMT3A and B and DNMT1. DNMT3A and DNMT3B are responsible for </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">de novo</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> DNA methylation, whereas DNMT1 maintains existing methylation. 5-mC undergoes active demethylation which is performed by the <strong>Ten-Eleven Translocation</strong> (TET) familly of DNA hydroxylases. The latter consists of 3 members TET1, 2 and 3. All 3 members catalyze the conversion of <strong>5-methylcytosine</strong> (5-mC) into <strong>5-hydroxymethylcytosine</strong> (5-hmC), and further into <strong>5-formylcytosine</strong> (5-fC) and <strong>5-carboxycytosine</strong> (5-caC). 5-fC and 5-caC can be converted to unmodified cytosine by <strong>Thymine DNA Glycosylase</strong> (TDG). It is not yet clear if 5-hmC, 5-fC and 5-caC have specific functions or are simply intermediates in the demethylation of 5-mC.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">DNA methylation is generally considered as a repressive mark and is usually associated with gene silencing. It is essential that the balance between DNA methylation and demethylation is precisely maintained. Dysregulation of DNA methylation may lead to many different human diseases and is often observed in cancer cells.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode offers highly validated antibodies against different proteins involved in DNA modifications as well as against the modified bases allowing the study of all steps and intermediates in the DNA methylation/demethylation pathway:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/dna-methylation.jpg" height="599" width="816" /></p>
<p><strong>Diagenode exclusively sources the original 5-methylcytosine monoclonal antibody (clone 33D3).</strong></p>
<p>Check out the list below to see all proposed antibodies for DNA modifications.</p>
<p>Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers Monoclonal and Polyclonal antibodies for DNA Methylation. The pattern of DNA modifications is critical for genome stability and the control of gene expression in the cell. ',
			'meta_title' => 'DNA modifications - Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies for DNA Methylation | Diagenode',
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			'name' => 'All antibodies',
			'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">All Diagenode&rsquo;s antibodies are listed below. Please, use our Quick search field to find the antibody of interest by target name, application, purity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
</ul>',
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			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode Offers Strict quality standards with Rigorous QC and validated Antibodies. Classified based on level of validation for flexibility of Application. Comprehensive selection of histone and non-histone Antibodies',
			'meta_title' => 'Diagenode's selection of Antibodies is exclusively dedicated for Epigenetic Research | Diagenode',
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			'id' => '708',
			'name' => 'Datasheet TET2 C15200179',
			'description' => '<p>Monoclonal antibody raised in mouse against a recombinant protein containing the N-terminal 300 amino acids of human TET2 (tet oncogene family member 2).</p>',
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			'type' => 'Datasheet',
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			'name' => 'Antibodies you can trust',
			'description' => '<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Epigenetic research tools have evolved over time from endpoint PCR to qPCR to the analyses of large sets of genome-wide sequencing data. ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) has now become the gold standard method for chromatin studies, given the accuracy and coverage scale of the approach over other methods. Successful ChIP-seq, however, requires a higher level of experimental accuracy and consistency in all steps of ChIP than ever before. Particularly crucial is the quality of ChIP antibodies. </span></p>',
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			'type' => 'Poster',
			'url' => 'files/posters/Antibodies_you_can_trust_Poster.pdf',
			'slug' => 'antibodies-you-can-trust-poster',
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			'id' => '38',
			'name' => 'Epigenetic Antibodies Brochure',
			'description' => '<p>More than in any other immuoprecipitation assays, quality antibodies are critical tools in many epigenetics experiments. Since 10 years, Diagenode has developed the most stringent quality production available on the market for antibodies exclusively focused on epigenetic uses. All our antibodies have been qualified to work in epigenetic applications.</p>',
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			'type' => 'Brochure',
			'url' => 'files/brochures/Epigenetic_Antibodies_Brochure.pdf',
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			'alt' => 'Mouse IgG',
			'modified' => '2020-11-27 07:00:09',
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	'Publication' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '4482',
			'name' => 'Vitamin C enhances NF-κB-driven epigenomic reprogramming andboosts the immunogenic properties of dendritic cells.',
			'authors' => 'Morante-Palacios  O. et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen-presenting cells, are necessary for effective activation of na&iuml;ve T cells. DCs' immunological properties are modulated in response to various stimuli. Active DNA demethylation is crucial for DC differentiation and function. Vitamin C, a known cofactor of ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, drives active demethylation. Vitamin C has recently emerged as a promising adjuvant for several types of cancer; however, its effects on human immune cells are poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the epigenomic and transcriptomic reprogramming orchestrated by vitamin C in monocyte-derived DC differentiation and maturation. Vitamin C triggers extensive demethylation at NF-&kappa;B/p65 binding sites, together with concordant upregulation of antigen-presentation and immune response-related genes during DC maturation. p65 interacts with TET2 and mediates the aforementioned vitamin C-mediated changes, as demonstrated by pharmacological inhibition. Moreover, vitamin C increases TNF&beta; production in DCs through NF-&kappa;B, in concordance with the upregulation of its coding gene and the demethylation of adjacent CpGs. Finally, vitamin C enhances DC's ability to stimulate the proliferation of autologous antigen-specific T cells. We propose that vitamin C could potentially improve monocyte-derived DC-based cell therapies.</p>',
			'date' => '2022-10-01',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36305821',
			'doi' => '10.1093/nar/gkac941',
			'modified' => '2022-11-18 12:30:06',
			'created' => '2022-11-15 09:26:20',
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		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '4253',
			'name' => 'Coordinated glucocorticoid receptor and MAFB action inducestolerogenesis and epigenome remodeling in dendritic cells',
			'authors' => 'Morante-Palacios Octavio et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Abstract Glucocorticoids (GCs) exert potent anti-inflammatory effects in immune cells through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Dendritic cells (DCs), central actors for coordinating immune responses, acquire tolerogenic properties in response to GCs. Tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) have emerged as a potential treatment for various inflammatory diseases. To date, the underlying cell type-specific regulatory mechanisms orchestrating GC-mediated acquisition of immunosuppressive properties remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic and epigenomic remodeling associated with differentiation to DCs in the presence of GCs. Our analysis demonstrates a major role of MAFB in this process, in synergy with GR. GR and MAFB both interact with methylcytosine dioxygenase TET2 and bind to genomic loci that undergo specific demethylation in tolDCs. We also show that the role of MAFB is more extensive, binding to thousands of genomic loci in tolDCs. Finally, MAFB knockdown erases the tolerogenic properties of tolDCs and reverts the specific DNA demethylation and gene upregulation. The preeminent role of MAFB is also demonstrated in vivo for myeloid cells from synovium in rheumatoid arthritis following GC treatment. Our results imply that, once directly activated by GR, MAFB plays a critical role in orchestrating the epigenomic and transcriptomic remodeling that define the tolerogenic phenotype.</p>',
			'date' => '2022-01-01',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34893889',
			'doi' => '10.1093/nar/gkab1182',
			'modified' => '2022-05-20 09:44:29',
			'created' => '2022-05-19 10:41:50',
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		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '3641',
			'name' => 'TET2 inhibits tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells by regulating caspase-4.',
			'authors' => 'Zhu X, Li S',
			'description' => '<p>Epigenetic regulators have been shown to influence breast cancer progression. However, the detailed mechanism by which TET2 plays the suppressive role in tumorigenesis remains not completely understood. We employed RT-qPCR and westernblot to examine genes expression. Next, the bisulphite sequencing PCR was used to determine the methylation level at CASP4 promoter in the cells. Phenotypically, we utilized growth curve analysis, colony formation in soft agar and xenograft tumor assay to assess tumorigenesis of MCF-7 cell. We found that TET2 knockout enhanced colony formation ability and in vivo tumor formation ability&nbsp;of MCF-7 cell, whereas TET2 depletion not affected the growth rate of MCF-7 cell in the culture. Mechanistically, TET2 loss led to a significant decrease in caspase-4 expression possibly via increasing DNA methylation of CASP4 promoter in MCF-7 cell. To validate, TET2 overexpression led to higher level of caspase-4 in MDA-MB-231 and 293T cells, which was dependent on TET2 enzymatic activity. Finally, we observed that caspase-4 could revert, at least partially, TET2 deletion-induced tumorigenesis of MCF-7. In summary, we reveal a novel mechanism that TET2 suppresses tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells through caspase-4. Our findings will facilitate development of new diagnostic markers or therapeutical therapies for breast cancer.</p>',
			'date' => '2018-11-01',
			'pmid' => 'http://www.pubmed.gov/30385776',
			'doi' => '10.1038/s41598-018-34462-z',
			'modified' => '2019-06-07 10:20:47',
			'created' => '2019-06-06 12:11:18',
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		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '3293',
			'name' => 'The Role of N-α-acetyltransferase 10 Protein in DNA Methylation and Genomic Imprinting',
			'authors' => 'Lee C.C. et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Genomic imprinting is an allelic gene expression phenomenon primarily controlled by allele-specific DNA methylation at the imprinting control region (ICR), but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. N-&alpha;-acetyltransferase 10 protein (Naa10p) catalyzes N-&alpha;-acetylation of nascent proteins, and mutation of human Naa10p is linked to severe developmental delays. Here we report that Naa10-null mice display partial embryonic lethality, growth retardation, brain disorders, and maternal effect lethality, phenotypes commonly observed in defective genomic imprinting. Genome-wide analyses further revealed global DNA hypomethylation and enriched dysregulation of imprinted genes in Naa10p-knockout embryos and embryonic stem cells. Mechanistically, Naa10p facilitates binding of DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) to DNA substrates, including the ICRs of the imprinted allele during S phase. Moreover, the lethal Ogden syndrome-associated mutation of human Naa10p disrupts its binding to the ICR of H19 and Dnmt1 recruitment. Our study thus links Naa10p mutation-associated Ogden syndrome to defective DNA methylation and genomic imprinting.</p>',
			'date' => '2017-10-05',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28943313',
			'doi' => '',
			'modified' => '2017-12-04 10:51:06',
			'created' => '2017-12-04 10:51:06',
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		(int) 4 => array(
			'id' => '3266',
			'name' => 'TET2- and TDG-mediated changes are required for the acquisition of distinct histone modifications in divergent terminal differentiation of myeloid cells',
			'authors' => 'Garcia-Gomez A. et al.',
			'description' => '<p>The plasticity of myeloid cells is illustrated by a diversity of functions including their role as effectors of innate immunity as macrophages (MACs) and bone remodelling as osteoclasts (OCs). TET2, a methylcytosine dioxygenase highly expressed in these cells and frequently mutated in myeloid leukemias, may be a key contributor to this plasticity. Through transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses, we investigated 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and gene expression changes in two divergent terminal myeloid differentiation processes, namely MAC and OC differentiation. MACs and OCs undergo highly similar 5hmC and 5mC changes, despite their wide differences in gene expression. Many TET2- and thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG)-dependent 5mC and 5hmC changes directly activate the common terminal myeloid differentiation programme. However, the acquisition of differential features between MACs and OCs also depends on TET2/TDG. In fact, 5mC oxidation precedes differential histone modification changes between MACs and OCs. TET2 and TDG downregulation impairs the acquisition of such differential histone modification and expression patterns at MAC-/OC-specific genes. We prove that the histone H3K4 methyltransferase SETD1A is differentially recruited between MACs and OCs in a TET2-dependent manner. We demonstrate a novel role of these enzymes in the establishment of specific elements of identity and function in terminal myeloid differentiation.</p>',
			'date' => '2017-09-29',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28973458',
			'doi' => '',
			'modified' => '2017-10-09 16:19:32',
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		(int) 5 => array(
			'id' => '3104',
			'name' => 'TET2 binds the androgen receptor and loss is associated with prostate cancer',
			'authors' => 'Nickerson M.L. et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Genetic alterations associated with prostate cancer (PCa) may be identified by sequencing metastatic tumour genomes to identify molecular markers at this lethal stage of disease. Previously, we characterized somatic alterations in metastatic tumours in the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2), which is altered in 5-15% of myeloid, kidney, colon and PCas. Genome-wide association studies previously identified non-coding risk variants associated with PCa and melanoma. We perform fine-mapping of PCa risk across TET2 using genotypes from the PEGASUS case-control cohort and identify six new risk variants in introns 1 and 2. Oligonucleotides containing two risk variants are bound by the transcription factor octamer-binding protein 1 (Oct1/POU2F1) and TET2 and Oct1 expression are positively correlated in prostate tumours. TET2 is expressed in normal prostate tissue and reduced in a subset of tumours from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Small interfering RNA-mediated TET2 knockdown (KD) increases LNCaP cell proliferation, migration and wound healing, verifying loss drives a cancer phenotype. Endogenous TET2 bound the androgen receptor (AR) and AR-coactivator proteins in LNCaP cell extracts, and TET2 KD increases prostate-specific antigen (KLK3/PSA) expression. Published data reveal TET2 binding sites and hydroxymethylcytosine proximal to KLK3. A gene co-expression network identified using TCGA prostate tumour RNA-sequencing identifies co-regulated cancer genes associated with 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) and succinate metabolism, including TET2, lysine demethylase (KDM) KDM6A, BRCA1-associated BAP1, and citric acid cycle enzymes IDH1/2, SDHA/B, and FH. The co-expression signature is conserved across 31 TCGA cancers suggesting a putative role for TET2 as an energy sensor (of 2-OG) that modifies aspects of androgen-AR signalling. Decreased TET2 mRNA expression in TCGA PCa tumours is strongly associated with reduced patient survival, indicating reduced expression in tumours may be an informative biomarker of disease progression and perhaps metastatic disease.</p>',
			'date' => '2016-11-07',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27819678',
			'doi' => '',
			'modified' => '2017-01-03 15:50:31',
			'created' => '2017-01-03 15:50:31',
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		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '2978',
			'name' => 'TET-catalyzed oxidation of intragenic 5-methylcytosine regulates CTCF-dependent alternative splicing.',
			'authors' => 'Marina RJ et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Intragenic 5-methylcytosine and CTCF mediate opposing effects on pre-mRNA splicing: CTCF promotes inclusion of weak upstream exons through RNA polymerase II pausing, whereas 5-methylcytosine evicts CTCF, leading to exon exclusion. However, the mechanisms governing dynamic DNA methylation at CTCF-binding sites were unclear. Here, we reveal the methylcytosine dioxygenases TET1 and TET2 as active regulators of CTCF-mediated alternative splicing through conversion of 5-methylcytosine to its oxidation derivatives. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine are enriched at an intragenic CTCF-binding sites in the CD45 model gene and are associated with alternative exon inclusion. Reduced TET levels culminate in increased 5-methylcytosine, resulting in CTCF eviction and exon exclusion. In vitro analyses establish the oxidation derivatives are not sufficient to stimulate splicing, but efficiently promote CTCF association. We further show genomewide that reciprocal exchange of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine at downstream CTCF-binding sites is a general feature of alternative splicing in na&iuml;ve and activated CD4(+) T cells. These findings significantly expand our current concept of the pre-mRNA "splicing code" to include dynamic intragenic DNA methylation catalyzed by the TET proteins.</p>',
			'date' => '2016-02-01',
			'pmid' => 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26711177',
			'doi' => ' 10.15252/embj.201593235',
			'modified' => '2016-07-08 10:05:02',
			'created' => '2016-07-08 10:05:02',
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		(int) 7 => array(
			'id' => '2604',
			'name' => 'Single-Base Resolution Analysis of 5-Formyl and 5-Carboxyl Cytosine Reveals Promoter DNA Methylation Dynamics.',
			'authors' => 'Neri F, Incarnato D, Krepelova A, Rapelli S, Anselmi F, Parlato C, Medana C, Dal Bello F, Oliviero S',
			'description' => '<p>Ten eleven translocation (Tet) proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). 5fC and 5caC can be further excised by thymine-DNA glycosylase (Tdg). Here, we present a&nbsp;genome-wide approach, named methylation-assisted bisulfite sequencing (MAB-seq), that enables single-base resolution mapping of 5fC and 5caC and measures their abundance. Application of this method to mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) shows the occurrence of 5fC&nbsp;and 5caC residues on the hypomethylated promoters of highly expressed genes, which is&nbsp;increased upon Tdg silencing, revealing active&nbsp;DNA demethylation on these promoters. Genome-wide mapping of Tdg reveals extensive colocalization with Tet1 on active promoters. These regions were found to be methylated by Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a and demethylated by a&nbsp;Tet-dependent mechanism. Our work demonstrates the DNA methylation dynamics that occurs on the promoters of the expressed genes and provides a genomic reference map of 5fC and 5caC in ESCs.</p>',
			'date' => '2015-02-04',
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against TET2 </strong><br /><strong>Figure 1A.</strong> Whole cell extracts from HeLa cells (40 &micro;g) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET2 (cat. No. C15200179), diluted 1:2,000 in PBS containing 10% milk. The position of the protein of interest (expected MW 224 kDa) is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.<br /><strong>Figure 1B.</strong> Western blot on mouse E14 ES cells. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. </small></p>
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                         <a href="/jp/p/5-formylcytosine-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ul"><img src="/img/product/antibodies/antibody.png" alt="Mouse IgG" class="th"/></a>        </div>



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            <h6 style="height:60px">5-formylcytosine (5-fC) polyclonal antibody </h6>
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                         <a href="/jp/p/5-cac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ug"><img src="/img/product/antibodies/antibody.png" alt="Mouse IgG" class="th"/></a>        </div>



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                         <a href="/jp/p/tet3-polyclonal-antibody-pioneer-50-mg"><img src="/img/product/antibodies/antibody.png" alt="Mouse IgG" class="th"/></a>        </div>



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        <p><strong><input name="data[Cart][quantity]" placeholder="1" value="1" min="1" style="width:60px;display:inline" type="number" id="CartQuantity" required="required"/></strong>TET3 Antibody 個カートに追加。</p>

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<div class="small-5 columns">
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<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of Diagenode antibody directed against mouse TET3 (cat. No. C15410311). The plates were coated with the peptides used for immunization of the rabbit. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:20,300.</small></p>
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<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 2. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br />Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
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<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br /> Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:200 in TBS- Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. Lane 2 shows the results after incubation of the antibody with the immunizing peptides. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against TET2 </strong><br /><strong>Figure 1A.</strong> Whole cell extracts from HeLa cells (40 &micro;g) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET2 (cat. No. C15200179), diluted 1:2,000 in PBS containing 10% milk. The position of the protein of interest (expected MW 224 kDa) is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.<br /><strong>Figure 1B.</strong> Western blot on mouse E14 ES cells. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Immunoprecipitation using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against TET2 </strong><br />IP was performed on 250 &micro;g HL60 RIPA cell lysate using the Diagenode antibody against TET2 (cat. No. C15200179) (lane 3) or an IgG negative control (lane 2). The samples were analysed by Western blot analysis as described above. The input sample (25 &micro;g RIPA lysate) was used as a positive control (lane 1). </small></p>
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	'description' => '<p>Ten eleven translocation (Tet) proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). 5fC and 5caC can be further excised by thymine-DNA glycosylase (Tdg). Here, we present a&nbsp;genome-wide approach, named methylation-assisted bisulfite sequencing (MAB-seq), that enables single-base resolution mapping of 5fC and 5caC and measures their abundance. Application of this method to mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) shows the occurrence of 5fC&nbsp;and 5caC residues on the hypomethylated promoters of highly expressed genes, which is&nbsp;increased upon Tdg silencing, revealing active&nbsp;DNA demethylation on these promoters. Genome-wide mapping of Tdg reveals extensive colocalization with Tet1 on active promoters. These regions were found to be methylated by Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a and demethylated by a&nbsp;Tet-dependent mechanism. Our work demonstrates the DNA methylation dynamics that occurs on the promoters of the expressed genes and provides a genomic reference map of 5fC and 5caC in ESCs.</p>',
	'date' => '2015-02-04',
	'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25660018',
	'doi' => '',
	'modified' => '2016-04-04 10:37:14',
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include - APP/View/Products/view.ctp, line 755
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
ProductsController::slug() - APP/Controller/ProductsController.php, line 1052
ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ??
Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 491
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 193
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 118

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			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => 'tet2-monoclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-50-ml',
			'meta_title' => 'TET2 Monoclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '',
			'meta_description' => 'TET2 (Tet oncogene family member 2) Monoclonal Antibody  validated  in IP and WB. Batch-specific data available on the website. Alternative name: MDS',
			'modified' => '2023-12-14 15:13:33',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20'
		),
		'Product' => array(
			(int) 0 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'Related' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '1980',
			'antibody_id' => '630',
			'name' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3',
			'description' => '<p><span>Monoclonal antibody raised in mouse against&nbsp;</span><b>5-mC</b><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(</span><b>5-methylcytosine</b><span>) conjugated to ovalbumine (</span><b>33D3 clone</b><span>).</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_ChIPSeq-A.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP-seq" caption="false" width="886" height="173" /></p>
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_ChIPSeq-B.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP-seq" caption="false" width="886" height="184" /></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. MeDIP-seq with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br /> Genomic DNA from E14 ES cells was sheared with the Bioruptor&reg; to generate random fragments (size range 300 to 700 bp). One &micro;g of the fragmented DNA was ligated to Illumina adapters and the resulting DNA was used for a standard MeDIP assay, using 2 &micro;g of the Diagenode monoclonal against 5-mC (Cat. No. C15200081). After recovery of the methylated DNA, Illumina sequencing libraries were generated and sequenced on an Illumina Genome Analyzer according to the manufacturer&rsquo;s instructions. Figure 1A and 1B show Genome browser views of CA simple repeat elements with read distributions specific for 5-mC at 2 gene locations (SigleC15 and Mfsd4). Visual inspection of the peak profiles in a genome browser reveals high enrichment of CA simple repeats in affinity-enriched methylated fragments after MeDIP with the Diagenode 5-mC monoclonal antibody.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_medip.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP" caption="false" width="355" height="372" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. MeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br /> MeDIP (Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation) was performed on 1 &micro;g fragmented human genomic DNA using 0.2 &micro;g of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against 5-mC (cat. No. C15200081) and the MagMeDIP Kit (cat. No. C02010021). The fragmented DNA was spiked with the internal controls present in the kit (methylated DNA (meDNA) as a positive and unmethylated DNA (unDNA) as a negative control) prior to performing the IP. QPCR was performed with optimized primer sets, included in the kit, specific for the methylated and unmethylated DNA controls, and for a known methylated (TSH2B) and unmethylated (GAPDH) genomic region. Figure 2 shows the recovery expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis).</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-3 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_Dotblot.png" alt=" 5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in dot blot" caption="false" width="201" height="196" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 3. Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-mC (cat. No. C15200081), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (cat. No. C02040010). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the methylated control.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_IF1.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody for immunofluorescence" height="121" width="500" caption="false" /></center></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against 5-mC (Cat. No. C15200081) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10&rsquo; and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the 5-mC antibody (middle) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<!--
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_SPR.png" alt="5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody" surface="" plasmon="" resonance="" caption="false" width="700" height="372" /></center></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 5. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis of the the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />A synthesized biotin-labeled 5-mC conjugate was immobilized on a CM4 BIAcore sensorchip (GE Healthcare, France). Briefly, two flowcells were prepared by sequential injections of EDC/NHS, streptavidin, and ethanolamine. One of these flowcells served as negative control (biotinylated spacer without 5-mC), while biotinylated 5-mC conjugate was injected in the other one, to get an immobilization level of 55 response units (RU). All SPR experiments were performed, using HBS-N buffer (10 mM HEPES,150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), at a flow rate of 5 &micro;l/min. Interaction assays involved injections of 2 different dilutions of the Diagenode 5-mC monoclonal antibody (Cat. No. C15200081) over the biotinylated 5-mC conjugate and negative control surfaces, followed by a 3 min washing step with HBS-N buffer to allow dissociation of the complexes formed. At the end of each cycle, the streptavidin surface was regenerated by injection of 0.1M citric acid (pH=3).</small></p>
<p><small>The sensorgrams correspond to the biotinylated 5-mC conjugate surface signal subtracted with the negative control. Data from the sensorgrams that reached binding equilibrium were used for Scatchard analysis. The value of the dissociation constant (kd) obtained by global fitting and 1:1 Langmuir model is 65 nM.</small></p>
</div>
</div>-->',
			'label2' => '',
			'info2' => '',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15200081-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'MAb-081-100',
			'sf_code' => 'C15200081-D001-000526',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '505',
			'price_USD' => '575',
			'price_GBP' => '450',
			'price_JPY' => '79110',
			'price_CNY' => '0',
			'price_AUD' => '1438',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => 'October 27, 2020',
			'slug' => '5-mc-monoclonal-antibody-33d3-premium-100-ug-50-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3 (C15200081) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC),monoclonal antibody,Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation',
			'meta_description' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Monoclonal Antibody, clone 33D3  validated  in MeDIP-seq, MeDIP, DB and IF. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2023-05-17 10:08:33',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '2033',
			'antibody_id' => '59',
			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rat) ',
			'description' => '<p>5<span>-hmC is a DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15220001-fig1.png" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Hydroxymethylated DNA IP results obtained with our hMeDIP kit (Cat. No. AF-104-0016)</strong><br /> Hydroxymethylated DNA IP (hMeDIP) assays were performed using the Diagenode hMeDIP kit. This kit includes: the monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. MAb-633HMC-050), 5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA standards &amp; Rat IgG (Cat. No. AF-105-0025). The DNA was prepared with the GenDNA module and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. 1 &mu;g of mouse ES cells DNA was spiked with 0.025 ng of each DNA standard. The IP&rsquo;d material has been analysed by qPCR using the primer pairs specific to the control sequences. The obtained results are as follows: - hMeDIP on unmethylated control &bull; with Rat IgG as negative control (0.06%, almost no recovery) &bull; with 5-hmC antibody (0.61%, almost no recovery) - hMeDIP on methylated control &bull; with Rat IgG as negative control (0.03%, almost no recovery) &bull; with 5-hmC antibody (0.62%, almost no recovery) - hMeDIP on hydroxymethylated control &bull; with Rat IgG as negative control (0.04%, almost no recovery) &bull; with 5-hmC (97.60% recovery, almost full recovery) These results clearly demonstrate the high specificity and efficiency of the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine monoclonal antibody.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15220001-fig2.png" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="375" height="274" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. Determination of the 5-hmC rat monoclonal antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-hmC (Cat No. MAb-633HMC-050, MAb-633HMC-100) in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a 5-hmC base coupled to KHL. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:25,000.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15220001-fig3.png" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="190" height="192" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 3. Dot blot analysis of the Diagenode 5-hmC and 5-mC monoclonal antibodies with the C, mC and hmC PCR controls</strong><br />Figure 3A: Approximately 200 ng, equivalent 10 pmol of C-bases, of the hmC (1), mC (2) and C (3) PCR controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat. No. AF-101-0002) were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The membrane was incubated with 5-hydroxymethylcytosine rat monoclonal antibody (dilution 1:500 ; 4 &mu;g/ml final concentration), followed by an HRP conjugated anti-rat secondary antibody. The membrane was exposed during 30 seconds. Figure 3B: Incubation of the same membrane with the 5-methylcytosine mouse monoclonal antibody (Cat. No. MAb-335MEC-100/500) (dilution 1:250). Note that the membrane was not stripped after the 5-hmC incubation. The left spot represents the remaining hmC signal. This result confirms that an equal amount of mC bases was spotted at position 2.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15220001-fig4.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="115" height="232" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 4. Dot blot analysis of the Diagenode 5-hmC rat monoclonal antibody with the C, mC and hmC PCR controls</strong><br />200 to 2 ng (equivalent of 10 to 0.1 pmol of C-base) of the hmC (1), mC (2) and C (3) PCR controls from the Diagenode &laquo; 5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat. No. AF-101-0020) were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The membrane was incubated with 4 &mu;g/ml (dilution 1:500) of the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine rat monoclonal antibody, followed by an HRP conjugated anti-rat secondary antibody. The membrane was exposed for 30 seconds.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15220001',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'MAb-633HMC-050',
			'sf_code' => 'C15220001-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-monoclonal-antibody-rat-classic-50-ug-32-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Monoclonal Antibody (rat) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,5-hmC, 5-mC,monoclonal antibody ,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Monoclonal Antibody (rat)  validated  in hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available',
			'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:58:50',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '2009',
			'antibody_id' => '47',
			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (mouse) ',
			'description' => '<p>One of the&nbsp;<strong>only two monoclonal antibodies raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC).</strong>&nbsp;5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</p>
<p><strong></strong></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200200-fig1.png" alt="ChIP" width="160" caption="false" height="280" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1. An hydroxymethylated DNA IP (hMeDIP) was performed using the Diagenode mouse monoclonal antibody directed against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. MAb-31HMC-020, MAb-31HMC-050, MAb-31HMC-100).</strong> <br />The IgG isotype antibodies from mouse (Cat. No. kch-819-015) was used as negative control. The DNA was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to have DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. 1 &mu;g of human Hela cells DNA were spiked with non-methylated, methylated, and hydroxymethylated PCR fragments. The IP&rsquo;d material has been analysed by qPCR using the primer pair specific for the 3 different control sequences. The obtained results show that the mouse monoclonal for 5-hmC is highly specific for this base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C bases containing fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200200-fig2.png" alt="ELISA" width="190" caption="false" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the 5-hmC mouse monoclonal antibody titer </strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode mouse monoclonal antibody directed against 5-hmC (Cat No. MAb-31HMC-050, MAb-31HMC-100) in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was KHL coupled to 5-hmC base. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:40,000. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200200-fig3.png" alt="Dot Blot" width="100" caption="false" height="137" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Dotblot analysis of the Diagenode 5-hmC mouse monoclonal antibody with the C, mC and hmC PCR controls </strong><br />200 to 2 ng (equivalent of 10 to 0.1 pmol of C-bases) of the hmC (1), mC (2) and C (3) PCR controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0020) were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The membrane was incubated with 2 &mu;g/ml of the mouse 5-hydroxymethylcytosine monoclonal antibody (dilution 1:500). The membranes were exposed for 30 seconds. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 µg/50 µl',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15200200',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'Mab-31HMC-050',
			'sf_code' => 'C15200200-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-monoclonal-antibody-mouse-classic-50-ug-50-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Monoclonal Antibody (mouse) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,monoclonal antibody ,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Monoclonal Antibody (mouse)  validated  in hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:52:54',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '2138',
			'antibody_id' => '37',
			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310210-elisa.png" alt="ELISA" width="342" height="266" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Determination of the 5-hmC rabbit polyclonal antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against 5-hmC in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was BSA coupled to the 5-hmC base. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1: 3,500. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310210-fig2.png" alt="" width="161" height="399" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. An hydroxymethylated DNA IP (hMeDIP) was performed using the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. CS-HMC-100).</strong><br />The IgG isotype antibodies from rabbit (Cat. No. kch-504-250) was used as negative control. The DNA was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to have DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. 1 &mu;g of human Hela cells DNA were spiked with non-methylated, methylated, and hydroxymethylated fragments. The IP&rsquo;d material has been analysed by qPCR using the primer pair specific for the 3 different control sequences. The obtained results show that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal for 5-hmC is highly specific for this base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C bases containing fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310210-fig3.png" alt="Dot Blot" width="135" height="119" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 3. Dotblot analysis of the Diagenode 5-hmC rabbit polyclonal antibody with the C, mC and hmC PCR controls</strong><br />100 to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the hmC, mC and C PCR controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002) were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The membrane was incubated with the rabbit 5-hydroxymethylcytosine polyclonal antibody (dilution 1:200). The membranes were exposed for 30 seconds. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µl',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15310210-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'CS-HMC-100',
			'sf_code' => 'C15310210-D001-001161',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'Japan',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-100-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,5-hmC, 5-mC,polyclonal antibody ,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in hMeDIP, ELISA  and DB. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available',
			'modified' => '2022-01-05 15:27:19',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'id' => '2677',
			'antibody_id' => '35',
			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 μg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410205',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'pAb-HMC-050',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410205-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-50-ug',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,Polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in  hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:44:20',
			'created' => '2015-07-31 14:55:13',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'id' => '2136',
			'antibody_id' => '440',
			'name' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Antibody ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-DIP.png" alt="DIP" height="433" width="400" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. DIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC</strong><br />HEK293 cells were transfected with a reporter gene and hydroxymethylated in vitro with either a pCAG expression vector containing the TET2 catalytic domain (TET2cd) or a negative control pCAG vector. DIP assays were performed on 4 &mu;g of sheared and denatured DNA using 3 &mu;l of the Diagenode antibody against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200) in a total of 500 &mu;l IP buffer. QPCR was performed with primers specific for the reporter gene. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (mean +standard deviation of 3 different experiments).</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-fig1.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="277" width="379" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. Determination of the titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200). The plates were coated with the immunogen. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be &gt;1:100,000.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>Until a few years ago, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was the only known modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was discovered. This new modified base is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-mC into 5-hmC by the TET family of oxygenases.</p>
<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. As such it may play a role in the regulation of gene activity. This pathway includes further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group, both catalyzed by TET oxygenases. The formyl and carboxyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) can be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC, 5-hmC and 5-caC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-fC.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µl',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15310200',
			'old_catalog_number' => '',
			'sf_code' => 'C15310200-D001-001161',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'Japan',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-formylcytosine-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC), polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in DIP and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2023-01-30 14:16:16',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '2280',
			'antibody_id' => '234',
			'name' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Antibody ',
			'description' => '<div data-canvas-width="124.25999999999996" style="left: 329.401px; top: 425.793px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.0021);">Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-Carboxylcytosine (5ca-CMP monophosphate) conjugated to BSA.</div>
<p><span>&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><strong></strong></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-3 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-Dotblot.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 1. Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050), a Dot Blot analysis was performed using synthetic oligonucleotides containing different modified C-bases (indicated in red). 125 and 25 ng of the respective oligo&rsquo;s were bound to a Streptavindin-coated multi-well plate. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. The binding of antibody to the DNA was measured by ECL chemiluminescence. Figure 1 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the carboxylated cytosine. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-Immunostaining.jpg" alt="Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 2. Immunofluorescence assay using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> 293T cells were transfected with either the mouse FLAG-tagged wild-type Tet1 (Tet1 CD) or the catalytically inactive FLAG-tagged C-terminal domain of Tet1 (Tet1 mCD) and stained with the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050), diluted 1:500, and with an anti-FLAG antibody, followed by DAPI counterstaining. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-chip.jpg" alt="Immunoprecipitation" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 3. Immunoprecipitation using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> Immunoprecipitation was performed with the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050) on 2 &mu;g of J1 ES genomic DNA, spiked with 1 pg of a control DNA fragment (approximately 700 bp from the RFP (Ring finger protein) gene) containing different cytosine modifications. The mC and hmC control DNA was generated by PCR with the corresponding nucleotide. The caC control fragment was obtained by in vitro methylation using M.SssI methyltransferase followed by oxidation with purified Tet2. The IP&rsquo;d DNA was subsequently anaysed by qPCR using primers specific for the control DNA fragments and for GAPDH, used as a negative control. Figure 3 shows the enrichment calculated as the ratio of the recovery of the control DNA versus the recovery of the GAPDH negative control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>Until recently, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was the only known modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was discovered. This new modified base (also called the Sixth base) is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-mC into 5-hmC by the TET family of oxygenases.</p>
<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. This pathway could involve further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group followed by either deformylation or decarboxylation. The carboxyl and formyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) could be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC and 5-hmC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-Carboxycytosine.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410204-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'pAb-caC-100',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410204-D001-000526',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-cac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ug',
			'meta_title' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => 'Immunoprecipitation,5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC),polyclonal antibody',
			'meta_description' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in DB, IF and IP. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available',
			'modified' => '2024-01-17 20:11:37',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'id' => '2429',
			'antibody_id' => '429',
			'name' => 'TET3 Antibody ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against TET3 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 3), using 4 KLH-conjugated synthetic peptides containing sequences from different parts of the protein.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-ELISA.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="301" width="400" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of Diagenode antibody directed against mouse TET3 (cat. No. C15410311). The plates were coated with the peptides used for immunization of the rabbit. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:20,300.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-WB.jpg" alt="Western blot" height="167" width="123" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 2. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br />Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-WB2.jpg" alt="Western blot" height="185" width="142" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br /> Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:200 in TBS- Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. Lane 2 shows the results after incubation of the antibody with the immunizing peptides. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>TET3 (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry O43151) is a member of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) gene family which play a role in the DNA methylation process. It catalyzes the conversion of the modified genomic base 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) which is the first step in demethylation of the DNA. TET3 may therefore play an important role in gene activation and plays a key role in epigenetic chromatin reprogramming in the zygote following fertilization. Diseases associated with TET3 include acute myeloid leukemia.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 μg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410311',
			'old_catalog_number' => '',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410311-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '260',
			'price_USD' => '260',
			'price_GBP' => '245',
			'price_JPY' => '40730',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '650',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => 'tet3-polyclonal-antibody-pioneer-50-mg',
			'meta_title' => 'TET3 Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '',
			'meta_description' => 'TET3 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 3) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in WB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. ',
			'modified' => '2022-01-05 16:06:44',
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			'description' => '<p><strong>Western blot</strong> : The quality of antibodies used in this technique is crucial for correct and specific protein identification. Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive and specific western blot-validated antibodies.</p>
<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
<p><em></em>Check our selection of antibodies validated in Western blot.</p>',
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			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers a wide range of antibodies and technical support for western blot applications',
			'meta_title' => ' Western Blot  - Monoclonal antibody - Polyclonal antibody  | Diagenode',
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			'description' => '<p>Immunoprecipitation</p>',
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			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers a wide range of antibodies and technical support for Immunoprecipitation applications',
			'meta_title' => 'Immunoprecipitation - Monoclonal antibody - Polyclonal antibody | Diagenode',
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			'name' => 'DNA modifications',
			'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">T</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">he pattern of <strong>DNA modifications</strong> is critical for genome stability and the control of gene expression in the cell. Methylation of 5-cytosine (5-mC), one of the best-studied epigenetic marks, is carried out by the <strong>DNA methyltransferases</strong> DNMT3A and B and DNMT1. DNMT3A and DNMT3B are responsible for </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">de novo</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> DNA methylation, whereas DNMT1 maintains existing methylation. 5-mC undergoes active demethylation which is performed by the <strong>Ten-Eleven Translocation</strong> (TET) familly of DNA hydroxylases. The latter consists of 3 members TET1, 2 and 3. All 3 members catalyze the conversion of <strong>5-methylcytosine</strong> (5-mC) into <strong>5-hydroxymethylcytosine</strong> (5-hmC), and further into <strong>5-formylcytosine</strong> (5-fC) and <strong>5-carboxycytosine</strong> (5-caC). 5-fC and 5-caC can be converted to unmodified cytosine by <strong>Thymine DNA Glycosylase</strong> (TDG). It is not yet clear if 5-hmC, 5-fC and 5-caC have specific functions or are simply intermediates in the demethylation of 5-mC.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">DNA methylation is generally considered as a repressive mark and is usually associated with gene silencing. It is essential that the balance between DNA methylation and demethylation is precisely maintained. Dysregulation of DNA methylation may lead to many different human diseases and is often observed in cancer cells.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode offers highly validated antibodies against different proteins involved in DNA modifications as well as against the modified bases allowing the study of all steps and intermediates in the DNA methylation/demethylation pathway:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/dna-methylation.jpg" height="599" width="816" /></p>
<p><strong>Diagenode exclusively sources the original 5-methylcytosine monoclonal antibody (clone 33D3).</strong></p>
<p>Check out the list below to see all proposed antibodies for DNA modifications.</p>
<p>Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers Monoclonal and Polyclonal antibodies for DNA Methylation. The pattern of DNA modifications is critical for genome stability and the control of gene expression in the cell. ',
			'meta_title' => 'DNA modifications - Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies for DNA Methylation | Diagenode',
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			'name' => 'All antibodies',
			'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">All Diagenode&rsquo;s antibodies are listed below. Please, use our Quick search field to find the antibody of interest by target name, application, purity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode Offers Strict quality standards with Rigorous QC and validated Antibodies. Classified based on level of validation for flexibility of Application. Comprehensive selection of histone and non-histone Antibodies',
			'meta_title' => 'Diagenode's selection of Antibodies is exclusively dedicated for Epigenetic Research | Diagenode',
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			'id' => '708',
			'name' => 'Datasheet TET2 C15200179',
			'description' => '<p>Monoclonal antibody raised in mouse against a recombinant protein containing the N-terminal 300 amino acids of human TET2 (tet oncogene family member 2).</p>',
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			'type' => 'Datasheet',
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			'id' => '11',
			'name' => 'Antibodies you can trust',
			'description' => '<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Epigenetic research tools have evolved over time from endpoint PCR to qPCR to the analyses of large sets of genome-wide sequencing data. ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) has now become the gold standard method for chromatin studies, given the accuracy and coverage scale of the approach over other methods. Successful ChIP-seq, however, requires a higher level of experimental accuracy and consistency in all steps of ChIP than ever before. Particularly crucial is the quality of ChIP antibodies. </span></p>',
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			'type' => 'Poster',
			'url' => 'files/posters/Antibodies_you_can_trust_Poster.pdf',
			'slug' => 'antibodies-you-can-trust-poster',
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			'id' => '38',
			'name' => 'Epigenetic Antibodies Brochure',
			'description' => '<p>More than in any other immuoprecipitation assays, quality antibodies are critical tools in many epigenetics experiments. Since 10 years, Diagenode has developed the most stringent quality production available on the market for antibodies exclusively focused on epigenetic uses. All our antibodies have been qualified to work in epigenetic applications.</p>',
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			'type' => 'Brochure',
			'url' => 'files/brochures/Epigenetic_Antibodies_Brochure.pdf',
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			'alt' => 'Mouse IgG',
			'modified' => '2020-11-27 07:00:09',
			'created' => '2015-07-17 10:12:18',
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		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '4482',
			'name' => 'Vitamin C enhances NF-κB-driven epigenomic reprogramming andboosts the immunogenic properties of dendritic cells.',
			'authors' => 'Morante-Palacios  O. et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen-presenting cells, are necessary for effective activation of na&iuml;ve T cells. DCs' immunological properties are modulated in response to various stimuli. Active DNA demethylation is crucial for DC differentiation and function. Vitamin C, a known cofactor of ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, drives active demethylation. Vitamin C has recently emerged as a promising adjuvant for several types of cancer; however, its effects on human immune cells are poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the epigenomic and transcriptomic reprogramming orchestrated by vitamin C in monocyte-derived DC differentiation and maturation. Vitamin C triggers extensive demethylation at NF-&kappa;B/p65 binding sites, together with concordant upregulation of antigen-presentation and immune response-related genes during DC maturation. p65 interacts with TET2 and mediates the aforementioned vitamin C-mediated changes, as demonstrated by pharmacological inhibition. Moreover, vitamin C increases TNF&beta; production in DCs through NF-&kappa;B, in concordance with the upregulation of its coding gene and the demethylation of adjacent CpGs. Finally, vitamin C enhances DC's ability to stimulate the proliferation of autologous antigen-specific T cells. We propose that vitamin C could potentially improve monocyte-derived DC-based cell therapies.</p>',
			'date' => '2022-10-01',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36305821',
			'doi' => '10.1093/nar/gkac941',
			'modified' => '2022-11-18 12:30:06',
			'created' => '2022-11-15 09:26:20',
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		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '4253',
			'name' => 'Coordinated glucocorticoid receptor and MAFB action inducestolerogenesis and epigenome remodeling in dendritic cells',
			'authors' => 'Morante-Palacios Octavio et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Abstract Glucocorticoids (GCs) exert potent anti-inflammatory effects in immune cells through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Dendritic cells (DCs), central actors for coordinating immune responses, acquire tolerogenic properties in response to GCs. Tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) have emerged as a potential treatment for various inflammatory diseases. To date, the underlying cell type-specific regulatory mechanisms orchestrating GC-mediated acquisition of immunosuppressive properties remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic and epigenomic remodeling associated with differentiation to DCs in the presence of GCs. Our analysis demonstrates a major role of MAFB in this process, in synergy with GR. GR and MAFB both interact with methylcytosine dioxygenase TET2 and bind to genomic loci that undergo specific demethylation in tolDCs. We also show that the role of MAFB is more extensive, binding to thousands of genomic loci in tolDCs. Finally, MAFB knockdown erases the tolerogenic properties of tolDCs and reverts the specific DNA demethylation and gene upregulation. The preeminent role of MAFB is also demonstrated in vivo for myeloid cells from synovium in rheumatoid arthritis following GC treatment. Our results imply that, once directly activated by GR, MAFB plays a critical role in orchestrating the epigenomic and transcriptomic remodeling that define the tolerogenic phenotype.</p>',
			'date' => '2022-01-01',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34893889',
			'doi' => '10.1093/nar/gkab1182',
			'modified' => '2022-05-20 09:44:29',
			'created' => '2022-05-19 10:41:50',
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		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '3641',
			'name' => 'TET2 inhibits tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells by regulating caspase-4.',
			'authors' => 'Zhu X, Li S',
			'description' => '<p>Epigenetic regulators have been shown to influence breast cancer progression. However, the detailed mechanism by which TET2 plays the suppressive role in tumorigenesis remains not completely understood. We employed RT-qPCR and westernblot to examine genes expression. Next, the bisulphite sequencing PCR was used to determine the methylation level at CASP4 promoter in the cells. Phenotypically, we utilized growth curve analysis, colony formation in soft agar and xenograft tumor assay to assess tumorigenesis of MCF-7 cell. We found that TET2 knockout enhanced colony formation ability and in vivo tumor formation ability&nbsp;of MCF-7 cell, whereas TET2 depletion not affected the growth rate of MCF-7 cell in the culture. Mechanistically, TET2 loss led to a significant decrease in caspase-4 expression possibly via increasing DNA methylation of CASP4 promoter in MCF-7 cell. To validate, TET2 overexpression led to higher level of caspase-4 in MDA-MB-231 and 293T cells, which was dependent on TET2 enzymatic activity. Finally, we observed that caspase-4 could revert, at least partially, TET2 deletion-induced tumorigenesis of MCF-7. In summary, we reveal a novel mechanism that TET2 suppresses tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells through caspase-4. Our findings will facilitate development of new diagnostic markers or therapeutical therapies for breast cancer.</p>',
			'date' => '2018-11-01',
			'pmid' => 'http://www.pubmed.gov/30385776',
			'doi' => '10.1038/s41598-018-34462-z',
			'modified' => '2019-06-07 10:20:47',
			'created' => '2019-06-06 12:11:18',
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		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '3293',
			'name' => 'The Role of N-α-acetyltransferase 10 Protein in DNA Methylation and Genomic Imprinting',
			'authors' => 'Lee C.C. et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Genomic imprinting is an allelic gene expression phenomenon primarily controlled by allele-specific DNA methylation at the imprinting control region (ICR), but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. N-&alpha;-acetyltransferase 10 protein (Naa10p) catalyzes N-&alpha;-acetylation of nascent proteins, and mutation of human Naa10p is linked to severe developmental delays. Here we report that Naa10-null mice display partial embryonic lethality, growth retardation, brain disorders, and maternal effect lethality, phenotypes commonly observed in defective genomic imprinting. Genome-wide analyses further revealed global DNA hypomethylation and enriched dysregulation of imprinted genes in Naa10p-knockout embryos and embryonic stem cells. Mechanistically, Naa10p facilitates binding of DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) to DNA substrates, including the ICRs of the imprinted allele during S phase. Moreover, the lethal Ogden syndrome-associated mutation of human Naa10p disrupts its binding to the ICR of H19 and Dnmt1 recruitment. Our study thus links Naa10p mutation-associated Ogden syndrome to defective DNA methylation and genomic imprinting.</p>',
			'date' => '2017-10-05',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28943313',
			'doi' => '',
			'modified' => '2017-12-04 10:51:06',
			'created' => '2017-12-04 10:51:06',
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		(int) 4 => array(
			'id' => '3266',
			'name' => 'TET2- and TDG-mediated changes are required for the acquisition of distinct histone modifications in divergent terminal differentiation of myeloid cells',
			'authors' => 'Garcia-Gomez A. et al.',
			'description' => '<p>The plasticity of myeloid cells is illustrated by a diversity of functions including their role as effectors of innate immunity as macrophages (MACs) and bone remodelling as osteoclasts (OCs). TET2, a methylcytosine dioxygenase highly expressed in these cells and frequently mutated in myeloid leukemias, may be a key contributor to this plasticity. Through transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses, we investigated 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and gene expression changes in two divergent terminal myeloid differentiation processes, namely MAC and OC differentiation. MACs and OCs undergo highly similar 5hmC and 5mC changes, despite their wide differences in gene expression. Many TET2- and thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG)-dependent 5mC and 5hmC changes directly activate the common terminal myeloid differentiation programme. However, the acquisition of differential features between MACs and OCs also depends on TET2/TDG. In fact, 5mC oxidation precedes differential histone modification changes between MACs and OCs. TET2 and TDG downregulation impairs the acquisition of such differential histone modification and expression patterns at MAC-/OC-specific genes. We prove that the histone H3K4 methyltransferase SETD1A is differentially recruited between MACs and OCs in a TET2-dependent manner. We demonstrate a novel role of these enzymes in the establishment of specific elements of identity and function in terminal myeloid differentiation.</p>',
			'date' => '2017-09-29',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28973458',
			'doi' => '',
			'modified' => '2017-10-09 16:19:32',
			'created' => '2017-10-09 16:19:32',
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		(int) 5 => array(
			'id' => '3104',
			'name' => 'TET2 binds the androgen receptor and loss is associated with prostate cancer',
			'authors' => 'Nickerson M.L. et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Genetic alterations associated with prostate cancer (PCa) may be identified by sequencing metastatic tumour genomes to identify molecular markers at this lethal stage of disease. Previously, we characterized somatic alterations in metastatic tumours in the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2), which is altered in 5-15% of myeloid, kidney, colon and PCas. Genome-wide association studies previously identified non-coding risk variants associated with PCa and melanoma. We perform fine-mapping of PCa risk across TET2 using genotypes from the PEGASUS case-control cohort and identify six new risk variants in introns 1 and 2. Oligonucleotides containing two risk variants are bound by the transcription factor octamer-binding protein 1 (Oct1/POU2F1) and TET2 and Oct1 expression are positively correlated in prostate tumours. TET2 is expressed in normal prostate tissue and reduced in a subset of tumours from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Small interfering RNA-mediated TET2 knockdown (KD) increases LNCaP cell proliferation, migration and wound healing, verifying loss drives a cancer phenotype. Endogenous TET2 bound the androgen receptor (AR) and AR-coactivator proteins in LNCaP cell extracts, and TET2 KD increases prostate-specific antigen (KLK3/PSA) expression. Published data reveal TET2 binding sites and hydroxymethylcytosine proximal to KLK3. A gene co-expression network identified using TCGA prostate tumour RNA-sequencing identifies co-regulated cancer genes associated with 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) and succinate metabolism, including TET2, lysine demethylase (KDM) KDM6A, BRCA1-associated BAP1, and citric acid cycle enzymes IDH1/2, SDHA/B, and FH. The co-expression signature is conserved across 31 TCGA cancers suggesting a putative role for TET2 as an energy sensor (of 2-OG) that modifies aspects of androgen-AR signalling. Decreased TET2 mRNA expression in TCGA PCa tumours is strongly associated with reduced patient survival, indicating reduced expression in tumours may be an informative biomarker of disease progression and perhaps metastatic disease.</p>',
			'date' => '2016-11-07',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27819678',
			'doi' => '',
			'modified' => '2017-01-03 15:50:31',
			'created' => '2017-01-03 15:50:31',
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		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '2978',
			'name' => 'TET-catalyzed oxidation of intragenic 5-methylcytosine regulates CTCF-dependent alternative splicing.',
			'authors' => 'Marina RJ et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Intragenic 5-methylcytosine and CTCF mediate opposing effects on pre-mRNA splicing: CTCF promotes inclusion of weak upstream exons through RNA polymerase II pausing, whereas 5-methylcytosine evicts CTCF, leading to exon exclusion. However, the mechanisms governing dynamic DNA methylation at CTCF-binding sites were unclear. Here, we reveal the methylcytosine dioxygenases TET1 and TET2 as active regulators of CTCF-mediated alternative splicing through conversion of 5-methylcytosine to its oxidation derivatives. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine are enriched at an intragenic CTCF-binding sites in the CD45 model gene and are associated with alternative exon inclusion. Reduced TET levels culminate in increased 5-methylcytosine, resulting in CTCF eviction and exon exclusion. In vitro analyses establish the oxidation derivatives are not sufficient to stimulate splicing, but efficiently promote CTCF association. We further show genomewide that reciprocal exchange of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine at downstream CTCF-binding sites is a general feature of alternative splicing in na&iuml;ve and activated CD4(+) T cells. These findings significantly expand our current concept of the pre-mRNA "splicing code" to include dynamic intragenic DNA methylation catalyzed by the TET proteins.</p>',
			'date' => '2016-02-01',
			'pmid' => 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26711177',
			'doi' => ' 10.15252/embj.201593235',
			'modified' => '2016-07-08 10:05:02',
			'created' => '2016-07-08 10:05:02',
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		(int) 7 => array(
			'id' => '2604',
			'name' => 'Single-Base Resolution Analysis of 5-Formyl and 5-Carboxyl Cytosine Reveals Promoter DNA Methylation Dynamics.',
			'authors' => 'Neri F, Incarnato D, Krepelova A, Rapelli S, Anselmi F, Parlato C, Medana C, Dal Bello F, Oliviero S',
			'description' => '<p>Ten eleven translocation (Tet) proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). 5fC and 5caC can be further excised by thymine-DNA glycosylase (Tdg). Here, we present a&nbsp;genome-wide approach, named methylation-assisted bisulfite sequencing (MAB-seq), that enables single-base resolution mapping of 5fC and 5caC and measures their abundance. Application of this method to mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) shows the occurrence of 5fC&nbsp;and 5caC residues on the hypomethylated promoters of highly expressed genes, which is&nbsp;increased upon Tdg silencing, revealing active&nbsp;DNA demethylation on these promoters. Genome-wide mapping of Tdg reveals extensive colocalization with Tet1 on active promoters. These regions were found to be methylated by Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a and demethylated by a&nbsp;Tet-dependent mechanism. Our work demonstrates the DNA methylation dynamics that occurs on the promoters of the expressed genes and provides a genomic reference map of 5fC and 5caC in ESCs.</p>',
			'date' => '2015-02-04',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25660018',
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			'name' => 'TET2 antibody SDS GB en',
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			'name' => 'TET2 antibody SDS US en',
			'language' => 'en',
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<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of Diagenode antibody directed against mouse TET3 (cat. No. C15410311). The plates were coated with the peptides used for immunization of the rabbit. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:20,300.</small></p>
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 2. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br />Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br /> Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:200 in TBS- Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. Lane 2 shows the results after incubation of the antibody with the immunizing peptides. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against TET2 </strong><br /><strong>Figure 1A.</strong> Whole cell extracts from HeLa cells (40 &micro;g) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET2 (cat. No. C15200179), diluted 1:2,000 in PBS containing 10% milk. The position of the protein of interest (expected MW 224 kDa) is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.<br /><strong>Figure 1B.</strong> Western blot on mouse E14 ES cells. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Immunoprecipitation using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against TET2 </strong><br />IP was performed on 250 &micro;g HL60 RIPA cell lysate using the Diagenode antibody against TET2 (cat. No. C15200179) (lane 3) or an IgG negative control (lane 2). The samples were analysed by Western blot analysis as described above. The input sample (25 &micro;g RIPA lysate) was used as a positive control (lane 1). </small></p>
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	'name' => 'Single-Base Resolution Analysis of 5-Formyl and 5-Carboxyl Cytosine Reveals Promoter DNA Methylation Dynamics.',
	'authors' => 'Neri F, Incarnato D, Krepelova A, Rapelli S, Anselmi F, Parlato C, Medana C, Dal Bello F, Oliviero S',
	'description' => '<p>Ten eleven translocation (Tet) proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). 5fC and 5caC can be further excised by thymine-DNA glycosylase (Tdg). Here, we present a&nbsp;genome-wide approach, named methylation-assisted bisulfite sequencing (MAB-seq), that enables single-base resolution mapping of 5fC and 5caC and measures their abundance. Application of this method to mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) shows the occurrence of 5fC&nbsp;and 5caC residues on the hypomethylated promoters of highly expressed genes, which is&nbsp;increased upon Tdg silencing, revealing active&nbsp;DNA demethylation on these promoters. Genome-wide mapping of Tdg reveals extensive colocalization with Tet1 on active promoters. These regions were found to be methylated by Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a and demethylated by a&nbsp;Tet-dependent mechanism. Our work demonstrates the DNA methylation dynamics that occurs on the promoters of the expressed genes and provides a genomic reference map of 5fC and 5caC in ESCs.</p>',
	'date' => '2015-02-04',
	'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25660018',
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	'modified' => '2016-04-04 10:37:14',
	'created' => '2015-07-24 15:39:05',
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$externalLink = ' <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25660018" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></a>'
include - APP/View/Products/view.ctp, line 755
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
ProductsController::slug() - APP/Controller/ProductsController.php, line 1052
ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ??
Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 491
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 193
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 118

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<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. MeDIP-seq with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br /> Genomic DNA from E14 ES cells was sheared with the Bioruptor&reg; to generate random fragments (size range 300 to 700 bp). One &micro;g of the fragmented DNA was ligated to Illumina adapters and the resulting DNA was used for a standard MeDIP assay, using 2 &micro;g of the Diagenode monoclonal against 5-mC (Cat. No. C15200081). After recovery of the methylated DNA, Illumina sequencing libraries were generated and sequenced on an Illumina Genome Analyzer according to the manufacturer&rsquo;s instructions. Figure 1A and 1B show Genome browser views of CA simple repeat elements with read distributions specific for 5-mC at 2 gene locations (SigleC15 and Mfsd4). Visual inspection of the peak profiles in a genome browser reveals high enrichment of CA simple repeats in affinity-enriched methylated fragments after MeDIP with the Diagenode 5-mC monoclonal antibody.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_medip.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP" caption="false" width="355" height="372" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. MeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br /> MeDIP (Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation) was performed on 1 &micro;g fragmented human genomic DNA using 0.2 &micro;g of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against 5-mC (cat. No. C15200081) and the MagMeDIP Kit (cat. No. C02010021). The fragmented DNA was spiked with the internal controls present in the kit (methylated DNA (meDNA) as a positive and unmethylated DNA (unDNA) as a negative control) prior to performing the IP. QPCR was performed with optimized primer sets, included in the kit, specific for the methylated and unmethylated DNA controls, and for a known methylated (TSH2B) and unmethylated (GAPDH) genomic region. Figure 2 shows the recovery expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis).</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-3 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_Dotblot.png" alt=" 5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in dot blot" caption="false" width="201" height="196" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 3. Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-mC (cat. No. C15200081), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (cat. No. C02040010). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the methylated control.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_IF1.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody for immunofluorescence" height="121" width="500" caption="false" /></center></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against 5-mC (Cat. No. C15200081) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10&rsquo; and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the 5-mC antibody (middle) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<!--
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_SPR.png" alt="5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody" surface="" plasmon="" resonance="" caption="false" width="700" height="372" /></center></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 5. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis of the the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />A synthesized biotin-labeled 5-mC conjugate was immobilized on a CM4 BIAcore sensorchip (GE Healthcare, France). Briefly, two flowcells were prepared by sequential injections of EDC/NHS, streptavidin, and ethanolamine. One of these flowcells served as negative control (biotinylated spacer without 5-mC), while biotinylated 5-mC conjugate was injected in the other one, to get an immobilization level of 55 response units (RU). All SPR experiments were performed, using HBS-N buffer (10 mM HEPES,150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), at a flow rate of 5 &micro;l/min. Interaction assays involved injections of 2 different dilutions of the Diagenode 5-mC monoclonal antibody (Cat. No. C15200081) over the biotinylated 5-mC conjugate and negative control surfaces, followed by a 3 min washing step with HBS-N buffer to allow dissociation of the complexes formed. At the end of each cycle, the streptavidin surface was regenerated by injection of 0.1M citric acid (pH=3).</small></p>
<p><small>The sensorgrams correspond to the biotinylated 5-mC conjugate surface signal subtracted with the negative control. Data from the sensorgrams that reached binding equilibrium were used for Scatchard analysis. The value of the dissociation constant (kd) obtained by global fitting and 1:1 Langmuir model is 65 nM.</small></p>
</div>
</div>-->',
			'label2' => '',
			'info2' => '',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15200081-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'MAb-081-100',
			'sf_code' => 'C15200081-D001-000526',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '505',
			'price_USD' => '575',
			'price_GBP' => '450',
			'price_JPY' => '79110',
			'price_CNY' => '0',
			'price_AUD' => '1438',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
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			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => 'October 27, 2020',
			'slug' => '5-mc-monoclonal-antibody-33d3-premium-100-ug-50-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3 (C15200081) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC),monoclonal antibody,Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation',
			'meta_description' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Monoclonal Antibody, clone 33D3  validated  in MeDIP-seq, MeDIP, DB and IF. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2023-05-17 10:08:33',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
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		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '2033',
			'antibody_id' => '59',
			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rat) ',
			'description' => '<p>5<span>-hmC is a DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15220001-fig1.png" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Hydroxymethylated DNA IP results obtained with our hMeDIP kit (Cat. No. AF-104-0016)</strong><br /> Hydroxymethylated DNA IP (hMeDIP) assays were performed using the Diagenode hMeDIP kit. This kit includes: the monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. MAb-633HMC-050), 5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA standards &amp; Rat IgG (Cat. No. AF-105-0025). The DNA was prepared with the GenDNA module and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. 1 &mu;g of mouse ES cells DNA was spiked with 0.025 ng of each DNA standard. The IP&rsquo;d material has been analysed by qPCR using the primer pairs specific to the control sequences. The obtained results are as follows: - hMeDIP on unmethylated control &bull; with Rat IgG as negative control (0.06%, almost no recovery) &bull; with 5-hmC antibody (0.61%, almost no recovery) - hMeDIP on methylated control &bull; with Rat IgG as negative control (0.03%, almost no recovery) &bull; with 5-hmC antibody (0.62%, almost no recovery) - hMeDIP on hydroxymethylated control &bull; with Rat IgG as negative control (0.04%, almost no recovery) &bull; with 5-hmC (97.60% recovery, almost full recovery) These results clearly demonstrate the high specificity and efficiency of the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine monoclonal antibody.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15220001-fig2.png" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="375" height="274" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. Determination of the 5-hmC rat monoclonal antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-hmC (Cat No. MAb-633HMC-050, MAb-633HMC-100) in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a 5-hmC base coupled to KHL. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:25,000.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15220001-fig3.png" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="190" height="192" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 3. Dot blot analysis of the Diagenode 5-hmC and 5-mC monoclonal antibodies with the C, mC and hmC PCR controls</strong><br />Figure 3A: Approximately 200 ng, equivalent 10 pmol of C-bases, of the hmC (1), mC (2) and C (3) PCR controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat. No. AF-101-0002) were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The membrane was incubated with 5-hydroxymethylcytosine rat monoclonal antibody (dilution 1:500 ; 4 &mu;g/ml final concentration), followed by an HRP conjugated anti-rat secondary antibody. The membrane was exposed during 30 seconds. Figure 3B: Incubation of the same membrane with the 5-methylcytosine mouse monoclonal antibody (Cat. No. MAb-335MEC-100/500) (dilution 1:250). Note that the membrane was not stripped after the 5-hmC incubation. The left spot represents the remaining hmC signal. This result confirms that an equal amount of mC bases was spotted at position 2.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15220001-fig4.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="115" height="232" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 4. Dot blot analysis of the Diagenode 5-hmC rat monoclonal antibody with the C, mC and hmC PCR controls</strong><br />200 to 2 ng (equivalent of 10 to 0.1 pmol of C-base) of the hmC (1), mC (2) and C (3) PCR controls from the Diagenode &laquo; 5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat. No. AF-101-0020) were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The membrane was incubated with 4 &mu;g/ml (dilution 1:500) of the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine rat monoclonal antibody, followed by an HRP conjugated anti-rat secondary antibody. The membrane was exposed for 30 seconds.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15220001',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'MAb-633HMC-050',
			'sf_code' => 'C15220001-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-monoclonal-antibody-rat-classic-50-ug-32-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Monoclonal Antibody (rat) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,5-hmC, 5-mC,monoclonal antibody ,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Monoclonal Antibody (rat)  validated  in hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available',
			'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:58:50',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '2009',
			'antibody_id' => '47',
			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (mouse) ',
			'description' => '<p>One of the&nbsp;<strong>only two monoclonal antibodies raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC).</strong>&nbsp;5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</p>
<p><strong></strong></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200200-fig1.png" alt="ChIP" width="160" caption="false" height="280" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1. An hydroxymethylated DNA IP (hMeDIP) was performed using the Diagenode mouse monoclonal antibody directed against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. MAb-31HMC-020, MAb-31HMC-050, MAb-31HMC-100).</strong> <br />The IgG isotype antibodies from mouse (Cat. No. kch-819-015) was used as negative control. The DNA was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to have DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. 1 &mu;g of human Hela cells DNA were spiked with non-methylated, methylated, and hydroxymethylated PCR fragments. The IP&rsquo;d material has been analysed by qPCR using the primer pair specific for the 3 different control sequences. The obtained results show that the mouse monoclonal for 5-hmC is highly specific for this base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C bases containing fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200200-fig2.png" alt="ELISA" width="190" caption="false" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the 5-hmC mouse monoclonal antibody titer </strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode mouse monoclonal antibody directed against 5-hmC (Cat No. MAb-31HMC-050, MAb-31HMC-100) in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was KHL coupled to 5-hmC base. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:40,000. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200200-fig3.png" alt="Dot Blot" width="100" caption="false" height="137" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Dotblot analysis of the Diagenode 5-hmC mouse monoclonal antibody with the C, mC and hmC PCR controls </strong><br />200 to 2 ng (equivalent of 10 to 0.1 pmol of C-bases) of the hmC (1), mC (2) and C (3) PCR controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0020) were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The membrane was incubated with 2 &mu;g/ml of the mouse 5-hydroxymethylcytosine monoclonal antibody (dilution 1:500). The membranes were exposed for 30 seconds. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 µg/50 µl',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15200200',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'Mab-31HMC-050',
			'sf_code' => 'C15200200-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-monoclonal-antibody-mouse-classic-50-ug-50-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Monoclonal Antibody (mouse) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,monoclonal antibody ,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Monoclonal Antibody (mouse)  validated  in hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:52:54',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '2138',
			'antibody_id' => '37',
			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310210-elisa.png" alt="ELISA" width="342" height="266" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Determination of the 5-hmC rabbit polyclonal antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against 5-hmC in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was BSA coupled to the 5-hmC base. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1: 3,500. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310210-fig2.png" alt="" width="161" height="399" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. An hydroxymethylated DNA IP (hMeDIP) was performed using the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. CS-HMC-100).</strong><br />The IgG isotype antibodies from rabbit (Cat. No. kch-504-250) was used as negative control. The DNA was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to have DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. 1 &mu;g of human Hela cells DNA were spiked with non-methylated, methylated, and hydroxymethylated fragments. The IP&rsquo;d material has been analysed by qPCR using the primer pair specific for the 3 different control sequences. The obtained results show that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal for 5-hmC is highly specific for this base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C bases containing fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310210-fig3.png" alt="Dot Blot" width="135" height="119" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 3. Dotblot analysis of the Diagenode 5-hmC rabbit polyclonal antibody with the C, mC and hmC PCR controls</strong><br />100 to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the hmC, mC and C PCR controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002) were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The membrane was incubated with the rabbit 5-hydroxymethylcytosine polyclonal antibody (dilution 1:200). The membranes were exposed for 30 seconds. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µl',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15310210-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'CS-HMC-100',
			'sf_code' => 'C15310210-D001-001161',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'Japan',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
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			'online' => true,
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			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-100-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,5-hmC, 5-mC,polyclonal antibody ,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in hMeDIP, ELISA  and DB. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available',
			'modified' => '2022-01-05 15:27:19',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'id' => '2677',
			'antibody_id' => '35',
			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 μg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410205',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'pAb-HMC-050',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410205-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-50-ug',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,Polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in  hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:44:20',
			'created' => '2015-07-31 14:55:13',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'id' => '2136',
			'antibody_id' => '440',
			'name' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Antibody ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-DIP.png" alt="DIP" height="433" width="400" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. DIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC</strong><br />HEK293 cells were transfected with a reporter gene and hydroxymethylated in vitro with either a pCAG expression vector containing the TET2 catalytic domain (TET2cd) or a negative control pCAG vector. DIP assays were performed on 4 &mu;g of sheared and denatured DNA using 3 &mu;l of the Diagenode antibody against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200) in a total of 500 &mu;l IP buffer. QPCR was performed with primers specific for the reporter gene. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (mean +standard deviation of 3 different experiments).</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-fig1.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="277" width="379" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. Determination of the titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200). The plates were coated with the immunogen. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be &gt;1:100,000.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>Until a few years ago, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was the only known modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was discovered. This new modified base is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-mC into 5-hmC by the TET family of oxygenases.</p>
<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. As such it may play a role in the regulation of gene activity. This pathway includes further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group, both catalyzed by TET oxygenases. The formyl and carboxyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) can be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC, 5-hmC and 5-caC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-fC.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µl',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15310200',
			'old_catalog_number' => '',
			'sf_code' => 'C15310200-D001-001161',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'Japan',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-formylcytosine-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC), polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in DIP and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2023-01-30 14:16:16',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '2280',
			'antibody_id' => '234',
			'name' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Antibody ',
			'description' => '<div data-canvas-width="124.25999999999996" style="left: 329.401px; top: 425.793px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.0021);">Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-Carboxylcytosine (5ca-CMP monophosphate) conjugated to BSA.</div>
<p><span>&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><strong></strong></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-3 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-Dotblot.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 1. Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050), a Dot Blot analysis was performed using synthetic oligonucleotides containing different modified C-bases (indicated in red). 125 and 25 ng of the respective oligo&rsquo;s were bound to a Streptavindin-coated multi-well plate. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. The binding of antibody to the DNA was measured by ECL chemiluminescence. Figure 1 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the carboxylated cytosine. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-Immunostaining.jpg" alt="Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 2. Immunofluorescence assay using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> 293T cells were transfected with either the mouse FLAG-tagged wild-type Tet1 (Tet1 CD) or the catalytically inactive FLAG-tagged C-terminal domain of Tet1 (Tet1 mCD) and stained with the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050), diluted 1:500, and with an anti-FLAG antibody, followed by DAPI counterstaining. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-chip.jpg" alt="Immunoprecipitation" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 3. Immunoprecipitation using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> Immunoprecipitation was performed with the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050) on 2 &mu;g of J1 ES genomic DNA, spiked with 1 pg of a control DNA fragment (approximately 700 bp from the RFP (Ring finger protein) gene) containing different cytosine modifications. The mC and hmC control DNA was generated by PCR with the corresponding nucleotide. The caC control fragment was obtained by in vitro methylation using M.SssI methyltransferase followed by oxidation with purified Tet2. The IP&rsquo;d DNA was subsequently anaysed by qPCR using primers specific for the control DNA fragments and for GAPDH, used as a negative control. Figure 3 shows the enrichment calculated as the ratio of the recovery of the control DNA versus the recovery of the GAPDH negative control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>Until recently, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was the only known modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was discovered. This new modified base (also called the Sixth base) is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-mC into 5-hmC by the TET family of oxygenases.</p>
<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. This pathway could involve further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group followed by either deformylation or decarboxylation. The carboxyl and formyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) could be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC and 5-hmC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-Carboxycytosine.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410204-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'pAb-caC-100',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410204-D001-000526',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-cac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ug',
			'meta_title' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => 'Immunoprecipitation,5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC),polyclonal antibody',
			'meta_description' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in DB, IF and IP. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available',
			'modified' => '2024-01-17 20:11:37',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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			'Image' => array(
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		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'id' => '2429',
			'antibody_id' => '429',
			'name' => 'TET3 Antibody ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against TET3 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 3), using 4 KLH-conjugated synthetic peptides containing sequences from different parts of the protein.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-ELISA.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="301" width="400" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of Diagenode antibody directed against mouse TET3 (cat. No. C15410311). The plates were coated with the peptides used for immunization of the rabbit. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:20,300.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-WB.jpg" alt="Western blot" height="167" width="123" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 2. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br />Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-WB2.jpg" alt="Western blot" height="185" width="142" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br /> Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:200 in TBS- Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. Lane 2 shows the results after incubation of the antibody with the immunizing peptides. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>TET3 (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry O43151) is a member of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) gene family which play a role in the DNA methylation process. It catalyzes the conversion of the modified genomic base 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) which is the first step in demethylation of the DNA. TET3 may therefore play an important role in gene activation and plays a key role in epigenetic chromatin reprogramming in the zygote following fertilization. Diseases associated with TET3 include acute myeloid leukemia.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 μg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410311',
			'old_catalog_number' => '',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410311-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '260',
			'price_USD' => '260',
			'price_GBP' => '245',
			'price_JPY' => '40730',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '650',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
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			'in_stock' => false,
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			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => 'tet3-polyclonal-antibody-pioneer-50-mg',
			'meta_title' => 'TET3 Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '',
			'meta_description' => 'TET3 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 3) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in WB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. ',
			'modified' => '2022-01-05 16:06:44',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
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			'id' => '19',
			'position' => '10',
			'parent_id' => '40',
			'name' => 'WB',
			'description' => '<p><strong>Western blot</strong> : The quality of antibodies used in this technique is crucial for correct and specific protein identification. Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive and specific western blot-validated antibodies.</p>
<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
<p><em></em>Check our selection of antibodies validated in Western blot.</p>',
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			'slug' => 'western-blot-antibodies',
			'meta_keywords' => ' Western Blot Antibodies ,western blot protocol,Western Blotting Products,Polyclonal antibodies ,monoclonal antibodies ',
			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers a wide range of antibodies and technical support for western blot applications',
			'meta_title' => ' Western Blot  - Monoclonal antibody - Polyclonal antibody  | Diagenode',
			'modified' => '2016-04-26 12:44:51',
			'created' => '2015-01-07 09:20:00',
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			'id' => '30',
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			'name' => 'IP',
			'description' => '<p>Immunoprecipitation</p>',
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			'slug' => 'immunoprecipitation',
			'meta_keywords' => 'Immunoprecipitation,Monoclonal antibody,Polyclonal antibody',
			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers a wide range of antibodies and technical support for Immunoprecipitation applications',
			'meta_title' => 'Immunoprecipitation - Monoclonal antibody - Polyclonal antibody | Diagenode',
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			'id' => '23',
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			'parent_id' => '4',
			'name' => 'DNA modifications',
			'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">T</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">he pattern of <strong>DNA modifications</strong> is critical for genome stability and the control of gene expression in the cell. Methylation of 5-cytosine (5-mC), one of the best-studied epigenetic marks, is carried out by the <strong>DNA methyltransferases</strong> DNMT3A and B and DNMT1. DNMT3A and DNMT3B are responsible for </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">de novo</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> DNA methylation, whereas DNMT1 maintains existing methylation. 5-mC undergoes active demethylation which is performed by the <strong>Ten-Eleven Translocation</strong> (TET) familly of DNA hydroxylases. The latter consists of 3 members TET1, 2 and 3. All 3 members catalyze the conversion of <strong>5-methylcytosine</strong> (5-mC) into <strong>5-hydroxymethylcytosine</strong> (5-hmC), and further into <strong>5-formylcytosine</strong> (5-fC) and <strong>5-carboxycytosine</strong> (5-caC). 5-fC and 5-caC can be converted to unmodified cytosine by <strong>Thymine DNA Glycosylase</strong> (TDG). It is not yet clear if 5-hmC, 5-fC and 5-caC have specific functions or are simply intermediates in the demethylation of 5-mC.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">DNA methylation is generally considered as a repressive mark and is usually associated with gene silencing. It is essential that the balance between DNA methylation and demethylation is precisely maintained. Dysregulation of DNA methylation may lead to many different human diseases and is often observed in cancer cells.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode offers highly validated antibodies against different proteins involved in DNA modifications as well as against the modified bases allowing the study of all steps and intermediates in the DNA methylation/demethylation pathway:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/dna-methylation.jpg" height="599" width="816" /></p>
<p><strong>Diagenode exclusively sources the original 5-methylcytosine monoclonal antibody (clone 33D3).</strong></p>
<p>Check out the list below to see all proposed antibodies for DNA modifications.</p>
<p>Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
</ul>',
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			'slug' => 'dna-methylation-antibody',
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			'meta_keywords' => 'Monoclonal Antibodies,Polyclonal  antibodies,DNA methylation,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers Monoclonal and Polyclonal antibodies for DNA Methylation. The pattern of DNA modifications is critical for genome stability and the control of gene expression in the cell. ',
			'meta_title' => 'DNA modifications - Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies for DNA Methylation | Diagenode',
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			'id' => '103',
			'position' => '0',
			'parent_id' => '4',
			'name' => 'All antibodies',
			'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">All Diagenode&rsquo;s antibodies are listed below. Please, use our Quick search field to find the antibody of interest by target name, application, purity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
</ul>',
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			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode Offers Strict quality standards with Rigorous QC and validated Antibodies. Classified based on level of validation for flexibility of Application. Comprehensive selection of histone and non-histone Antibodies',
			'meta_title' => 'Diagenode's selection of Antibodies is exclusively dedicated for Epigenetic Research | Diagenode',
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	'Document' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '708',
			'name' => 'Datasheet TET2 C15200179',
			'description' => '<p>Monoclonal antibody raised in mouse against a recombinant protein containing the N-terminal 300 amino acids of human TET2 (tet oncogene family member 2).</p>',
			'image_id' => null,
			'type' => 'Datasheet',
			'url' => 'files/products/antibodies/Datasheet_TET2_C15200179.pdf',
			'slug' => 'datasheet-tet2-C15200179',
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			'modified' => '2016-07-08 16:19:26',
			'created' => '2015-07-07 11:47:44',
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		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '11',
			'name' => 'Antibodies you can trust',
			'description' => '<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Epigenetic research tools have evolved over time from endpoint PCR to qPCR to the analyses of large sets of genome-wide sequencing data. ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) has now become the gold standard method for chromatin studies, given the accuracy and coverage scale of the approach over other methods. Successful ChIP-seq, however, requires a higher level of experimental accuracy and consistency in all steps of ChIP than ever before. Particularly crucial is the quality of ChIP antibodies. </span></p>',
			'image_id' => null,
			'type' => 'Poster',
			'url' => 'files/posters/Antibodies_you_can_trust_Poster.pdf',
			'slug' => 'antibodies-you-can-trust-poster',
			'meta_keywords' => '',
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			'modified' => '2015-10-01 20:18:31',
			'created' => '2015-07-03 16:05:15',
			'ProductsDocument' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '38',
			'name' => 'Epigenetic Antibodies Brochure',
			'description' => '<p>More than in any other immuoprecipitation assays, quality antibodies are critical tools in many epigenetics experiments. Since 10 years, Diagenode has developed the most stringent quality production available on the market for antibodies exclusively focused on epigenetic uses. All our antibodies have been qualified to work in epigenetic applications.</p>',
			'image_id' => null,
			'type' => 'Brochure',
			'url' => 'files/brochures/Epigenetic_Antibodies_Brochure.pdf',
			'slug' => 'epigenetic-antibodies-brochure',
			'meta_keywords' => '',
			'meta_description' => '',
			'modified' => '2016-06-15 11:24:06',
			'created' => '2015-07-03 16:05:27',
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			'id' => '250',
			'name' => 'product/antibodies/antibody.png',
			'alt' => 'Mouse IgG',
			'modified' => '2020-11-27 07:00:09',
			'created' => '2015-07-17 10:12:18',
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	),
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	'Publication' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '4482',
			'name' => 'Vitamin C enhances NF-κB-driven epigenomic reprogramming andboosts the immunogenic properties of dendritic cells.',
			'authors' => 'Morante-Palacios  O. et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen-presenting cells, are necessary for effective activation of na&iuml;ve T cells. DCs' immunological properties are modulated in response to various stimuli. Active DNA demethylation is crucial for DC differentiation and function. Vitamin C, a known cofactor of ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, drives active demethylation. Vitamin C has recently emerged as a promising adjuvant for several types of cancer; however, its effects on human immune cells are poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the epigenomic and transcriptomic reprogramming orchestrated by vitamin C in monocyte-derived DC differentiation and maturation. Vitamin C triggers extensive demethylation at NF-&kappa;B/p65 binding sites, together with concordant upregulation of antigen-presentation and immune response-related genes during DC maturation. p65 interacts with TET2 and mediates the aforementioned vitamin C-mediated changes, as demonstrated by pharmacological inhibition. Moreover, vitamin C increases TNF&beta; production in DCs through NF-&kappa;B, in concordance with the upregulation of its coding gene and the demethylation of adjacent CpGs. Finally, vitamin C enhances DC's ability to stimulate the proliferation of autologous antigen-specific T cells. We propose that vitamin C could potentially improve monocyte-derived DC-based cell therapies.</p>',
			'date' => '2022-10-01',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36305821',
			'doi' => '10.1093/nar/gkac941',
			'modified' => '2022-11-18 12:30:06',
			'created' => '2022-11-15 09:26:20',
			'ProductsPublication' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '4253',
			'name' => 'Coordinated glucocorticoid receptor and MAFB action inducestolerogenesis and epigenome remodeling in dendritic cells',
			'authors' => 'Morante-Palacios Octavio et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Abstract Glucocorticoids (GCs) exert potent anti-inflammatory effects in immune cells through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Dendritic cells (DCs), central actors for coordinating immune responses, acquire tolerogenic properties in response to GCs. Tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) have emerged as a potential treatment for various inflammatory diseases. To date, the underlying cell type-specific regulatory mechanisms orchestrating GC-mediated acquisition of immunosuppressive properties remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic and epigenomic remodeling associated with differentiation to DCs in the presence of GCs. Our analysis demonstrates a major role of MAFB in this process, in synergy with GR. GR and MAFB both interact with methylcytosine dioxygenase TET2 and bind to genomic loci that undergo specific demethylation in tolDCs. We also show that the role of MAFB is more extensive, binding to thousands of genomic loci in tolDCs. Finally, MAFB knockdown erases the tolerogenic properties of tolDCs and reverts the specific DNA demethylation and gene upregulation. The preeminent role of MAFB is also demonstrated in vivo for myeloid cells from synovium in rheumatoid arthritis following GC treatment. Our results imply that, once directly activated by GR, MAFB plays a critical role in orchestrating the epigenomic and transcriptomic remodeling that define the tolerogenic phenotype.</p>',
			'date' => '2022-01-01',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34893889',
			'doi' => '10.1093/nar/gkab1182',
			'modified' => '2022-05-20 09:44:29',
			'created' => '2022-05-19 10:41:50',
			'ProductsPublication' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '3641',
			'name' => 'TET2 inhibits tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells by regulating caspase-4.',
			'authors' => 'Zhu X, Li S',
			'description' => '<p>Epigenetic regulators have been shown to influence breast cancer progression. However, the detailed mechanism by which TET2 plays the suppressive role in tumorigenesis remains not completely understood. We employed RT-qPCR and westernblot to examine genes expression. Next, the bisulphite sequencing PCR was used to determine the methylation level at CASP4 promoter in the cells. Phenotypically, we utilized growth curve analysis, colony formation in soft agar and xenograft tumor assay to assess tumorigenesis of MCF-7 cell. We found that TET2 knockout enhanced colony formation ability and in vivo tumor formation ability&nbsp;of MCF-7 cell, whereas TET2 depletion not affected the growth rate of MCF-7 cell in the culture. Mechanistically, TET2 loss led to a significant decrease in caspase-4 expression possibly via increasing DNA methylation of CASP4 promoter in MCF-7 cell. To validate, TET2 overexpression led to higher level of caspase-4 in MDA-MB-231 and 293T cells, which was dependent on TET2 enzymatic activity. Finally, we observed that caspase-4 could revert, at least partially, TET2 deletion-induced tumorigenesis of MCF-7. In summary, we reveal a novel mechanism that TET2 suppresses tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells through caspase-4. Our findings will facilitate development of new diagnostic markers or therapeutical therapies for breast cancer.</p>',
			'date' => '2018-11-01',
			'pmid' => 'http://www.pubmed.gov/30385776',
			'doi' => '10.1038/s41598-018-34462-z',
			'modified' => '2019-06-07 10:20:47',
			'created' => '2019-06-06 12:11:18',
			'ProductsPublication' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '3293',
			'name' => 'The Role of N-α-acetyltransferase 10 Protein in DNA Methylation and Genomic Imprinting',
			'authors' => 'Lee C.C. et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Genomic imprinting is an allelic gene expression phenomenon primarily controlled by allele-specific DNA methylation at the imprinting control region (ICR), but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. N-&alpha;-acetyltransferase 10 protein (Naa10p) catalyzes N-&alpha;-acetylation of nascent proteins, and mutation of human Naa10p is linked to severe developmental delays. Here we report that Naa10-null mice display partial embryonic lethality, growth retardation, brain disorders, and maternal effect lethality, phenotypes commonly observed in defective genomic imprinting. Genome-wide analyses further revealed global DNA hypomethylation and enriched dysregulation of imprinted genes in Naa10p-knockout embryos and embryonic stem cells. Mechanistically, Naa10p facilitates binding of DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) to DNA substrates, including the ICRs of the imprinted allele during S phase. Moreover, the lethal Ogden syndrome-associated mutation of human Naa10p disrupts its binding to the ICR of H19 and Dnmt1 recruitment. Our study thus links Naa10p mutation-associated Ogden syndrome to defective DNA methylation and genomic imprinting.</p>',
			'date' => '2017-10-05',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28943313',
			'doi' => '',
			'modified' => '2017-12-04 10:51:06',
			'created' => '2017-12-04 10:51:06',
			'ProductsPublication' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'id' => '3266',
			'name' => 'TET2- and TDG-mediated changes are required for the acquisition of distinct histone modifications in divergent terminal differentiation of myeloid cells',
			'authors' => 'Garcia-Gomez A. et al.',
			'description' => '<p>The plasticity of myeloid cells is illustrated by a diversity of functions including their role as effectors of innate immunity as macrophages (MACs) and bone remodelling as osteoclasts (OCs). TET2, a methylcytosine dioxygenase highly expressed in these cells and frequently mutated in myeloid leukemias, may be a key contributor to this plasticity. Through transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses, we investigated 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and gene expression changes in two divergent terminal myeloid differentiation processes, namely MAC and OC differentiation. MACs and OCs undergo highly similar 5hmC and 5mC changes, despite their wide differences in gene expression. Many TET2- and thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG)-dependent 5mC and 5hmC changes directly activate the common terminal myeloid differentiation programme. However, the acquisition of differential features between MACs and OCs also depends on TET2/TDG. In fact, 5mC oxidation precedes differential histone modification changes between MACs and OCs. TET2 and TDG downregulation impairs the acquisition of such differential histone modification and expression patterns at MAC-/OC-specific genes. We prove that the histone H3K4 methyltransferase SETD1A is differentially recruited between MACs and OCs in a TET2-dependent manner. We demonstrate a novel role of these enzymes in the establishment of specific elements of identity and function in terminal myeloid differentiation.</p>',
			'date' => '2017-09-29',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28973458',
			'doi' => '',
			'modified' => '2017-10-09 16:19:32',
			'created' => '2017-10-09 16:19:32',
			'ProductsPublication' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'id' => '3104',
			'name' => 'TET2 binds the androgen receptor and loss is associated with prostate cancer',
			'authors' => 'Nickerson M.L. et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Genetic alterations associated with prostate cancer (PCa) may be identified by sequencing metastatic tumour genomes to identify molecular markers at this lethal stage of disease. Previously, we characterized somatic alterations in metastatic tumours in the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2), which is altered in 5-15% of myeloid, kidney, colon and PCas. Genome-wide association studies previously identified non-coding risk variants associated with PCa and melanoma. We perform fine-mapping of PCa risk across TET2 using genotypes from the PEGASUS case-control cohort and identify six new risk variants in introns 1 and 2. Oligonucleotides containing two risk variants are bound by the transcription factor octamer-binding protein 1 (Oct1/POU2F1) and TET2 and Oct1 expression are positively correlated in prostate tumours. TET2 is expressed in normal prostate tissue and reduced in a subset of tumours from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Small interfering RNA-mediated TET2 knockdown (KD) increases LNCaP cell proliferation, migration and wound healing, verifying loss drives a cancer phenotype. Endogenous TET2 bound the androgen receptor (AR) and AR-coactivator proteins in LNCaP cell extracts, and TET2 KD increases prostate-specific antigen (KLK3/PSA) expression. Published data reveal TET2 binding sites and hydroxymethylcytosine proximal to KLK3. A gene co-expression network identified using TCGA prostate tumour RNA-sequencing identifies co-regulated cancer genes associated with 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) and succinate metabolism, including TET2, lysine demethylase (KDM) KDM6A, BRCA1-associated BAP1, and citric acid cycle enzymes IDH1/2, SDHA/B, and FH. The co-expression signature is conserved across 31 TCGA cancers suggesting a putative role for TET2 as an energy sensor (of 2-OG) that modifies aspects of androgen-AR signalling. Decreased TET2 mRNA expression in TCGA PCa tumours is strongly associated with reduced patient survival, indicating reduced expression in tumours may be an informative biomarker of disease progression and perhaps metastatic disease.</p>',
			'date' => '2016-11-07',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27819678',
			'doi' => '',
			'modified' => '2017-01-03 15:50:31',
			'created' => '2017-01-03 15:50:31',
			'ProductsPublication' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '2978',
			'name' => 'TET-catalyzed oxidation of intragenic 5-methylcytosine regulates CTCF-dependent alternative splicing.',
			'authors' => 'Marina RJ et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Intragenic 5-methylcytosine and CTCF mediate opposing effects on pre-mRNA splicing: CTCF promotes inclusion of weak upstream exons through RNA polymerase II pausing, whereas 5-methylcytosine evicts CTCF, leading to exon exclusion. However, the mechanisms governing dynamic DNA methylation at CTCF-binding sites were unclear. Here, we reveal the methylcytosine dioxygenases TET1 and TET2 as active regulators of CTCF-mediated alternative splicing through conversion of 5-methylcytosine to its oxidation derivatives. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine are enriched at an intragenic CTCF-binding sites in the CD45 model gene and are associated with alternative exon inclusion. Reduced TET levels culminate in increased 5-methylcytosine, resulting in CTCF eviction and exon exclusion. In vitro analyses establish the oxidation derivatives are not sufficient to stimulate splicing, but efficiently promote CTCF association. We further show genomewide that reciprocal exchange of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine at downstream CTCF-binding sites is a general feature of alternative splicing in na&iuml;ve and activated CD4(+) T cells. These findings significantly expand our current concept of the pre-mRNA "splicing code" to include dynamic intragenic DNA methylation catalyzed by the TET proteins.</p>',
			'date' => '2016-02-01',
			'pmid' => 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26711177',
			'doi' => ' 10.15252/embj.201593235',
			'modified' => '2016-07-08 10:05:02',
			'created' => '2016-07-08 10:05:02',
			'ProductsPublication' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'id' => '2604',
			'name' => 'Single-Base Resolution Analysis of 5-Formyl and 5-Carboxyl Cytosine Reveals Promoter DNA Methylation Dynamics.',
			'authors' => 'Neri F, Incarnato D, Krepelova A, Rapelli S, Anselmi F, Parlato C, Medana C, Dal Bello F, Oliviero S',
			'description' => '<p>Ten eleven translocation (Tet) proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). 5fC and 5caC can be further excised by thymine-DNA glycosylase (Tdg). Here, we present a&nbsp;genome-wide approach, named methylation-assisted bisulfite sequencing (MAB-seq), that enables single-base resolution mapping of 5fC and 5caC and measures their abundance. Application of this method to mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) shows the occurrence of 5fC&nbsp;and 5caC residues on the hypomethylated promoters of highly expressed genes, which is&nbsp;increased upon Tdg silencing, revealing active&nbsp;DNA demethylation on these promoters. Genome-wide mapping of Tdg reveals extensive colocalization with Tet1 on active promoters. These regions were found to be methylated by Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a and demethylated by a&nbsp;Tet-dependent mechanism. Our work demonstrates the DNA methylation dynamics that occurs on the promoters of the expressed genes and provides a genomic reference map of 5fC and 5caC in ESCs.</p>',
			'date' => '2015-02-04',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25660018',
			'doi' => '',
			'modified' => '2016-04-04 10:37:14',
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			'name' => 'TET2 antibody SDS GB en',
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			'name' => 'TET2 antibody SDS US en',
			'language' => 'en',
			'url' => 'files/SDS/TET2/SDS-C15200179-TET2_Antibody-US-en-GHS_2_0.pdf',
			'countries' => 'US',
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			'name' => 'TET2 antibody SDS DE de',
			'language' => 'de',
			'url' => 'files/SDS/TET2/SDS-C15200179-TET2_Antibody-DE-de-GHS_2_0.pdf',
			'countries' => 'DE',
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			'name' => 'TET2 antibody SDS JP ja',
			'language' => 'ja',
			'url' => 'files/SDS/TET2/SDS-C15200179-TET2_Antibody-JP-ja-GHS_3_0.pdf',
			'countries' => 'JP',
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			'name' => 'TET2 antibody SDS BE nl',
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			'url' => 'files/SDS/TET2/SDS-C15200179-TET2_Antibody-BE-nl-GHS_2_0.pdf',
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<div class="small-5 columns">
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<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of Diagenode antibody directed against mouse TET3 (cat. No. C15410311). The plates were coated with the peptides used for immunization of the rabbit. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:20,300.</small></p>
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<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 2. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br />Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
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<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-WB2.jpg" alt="Western blot" height="185" width="142" /></p>
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<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br /> Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:200 in TBS- Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. Lane 2 shows the results after incubation of the antibody with the immunizing peptides. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
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	'name' => 'TET2 Antibody (sample size)',
	'description' => '<p><span>Alternative name:&nbsp;</span><strong>MDS</strong><br /><span>Monoclonal antibody raised in mouse against a recombinant protein containing the N-terminal 300 amino acids of human TET2 (tet oncogene family member 2).</span></p>',
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against TET2 </strong><br /><strong>Figure 1A.</strong> Whole cell extracts from HeLa cells (40 &micro;g) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET2 (cat. No. C15200179), diluted 1:2,000 in PBS containing 10% milk. The position of the protein of interest (expected MW 224 kDa) is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.<br /><strong>Figure 1B.</strong> Western blot on mouse E14 ES cells. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/c15200179-fig2-ip.jpg" alt="Immunoprecipitation" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="222" height="135" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Immunoprecipitation using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against TET2 </strong><br />IP was performed on 250 &micro;g HL60 RIPA cell lysate using the Diagenode antibody against TET2 (cat. No. C15200179) (lane 3) or an IgG negative control (lane 2). The samples were analysed by Western blot analysis as described above. The input sample (25 &micro;g RIPA lysate) was used as a positive control (lane 1). </small></p>
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	'info2' => '<p>TET2 (UniProt/Swiss-Prot entry Q6N021) is a methylcytosine dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA and is abundant in Purkinje neurons, granule cells, embryonic stem cells, and brain tissue, especially in areas that are associated with higher cognitive function. Although its precise role has still to be shown, recent studies indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. Mutations in TET2 have been associated with myeloproliferative diseases such as essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera and primary myelofibrosis.</p>',
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	'modified' => '2016-01-13 12:23:07',
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	'name' => 'Single-Base Resolution Analysis of 5-Formyl and 5-Carboxyl Cytosine Reveals Promoter DNA Methylation Dynamics.',
	'authors' => 'Neri F, Incarnato D, Krepelova A, Rapelli S, Anselmi F, Parlato C, Medana C, Dal Bello F, Oliviero S',
	'description' => '<p>Ten eleven translocation (Tet) proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). 5fC and 5caC can be further excised by thymine-DNA glycosylase (Tdg). Here, we present a&nbsp;genome-wide approach, named methylation-assisted bisulfite sequencing (MAB-seq), that enables single-base resolution mapping of 5fC and 5caC and measures their abundance. Application of this method to mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) shows the occurrence of 5fC&nbsp;and 5caC residues on the hypomethylated promoters of highly expressed genes, which is&nbsp;increased upon Tdg silencing, revealing active&nbsp;DNA demethylation on these promoters. Genome-wide mapping of Tdg reveals extensive colocalization with Tet1 on active promoters. These regions were found to be methylated by Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a and demethylated by a&nbsp;Tet-dependent mechanism. Our work demonstrates the DNA methylation dynamics that occurs on the promoters of the expressed genes and provides a genomic reference map of 5fC and 5caC in ESCs.</p>',
	'date' => '2015-02-04',
	'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25660018',
	'doi' => '',
	'modified' => '2016-04-04 10:37:14',
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$externalLink = ' <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25660018" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></a>'
include - APP/View/Products/view.ctp, line 755
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
ProductsController::slug() - APP/Controller/ProductsController.php, line 1052
ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ??
Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 491
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 193
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 118

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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against TET2 </strong><br /><strong>Figure 1A.</strong> Whole cell extracts from HeLa cells (40 &micro;g) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET2 (cat. No. C15200179), diluted 1:2,000 in PBS containing 10% milk. The position of the protein of interest (expected MW 224 kDa) is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.<br /><strong>Figure 1B.</strong> Western blot on mouse E14 ES cells. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against TET2 </strong><br /><strong>Figure 1A.</strong> Whole cell extracts from HeLa cells (40 &micro;g) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET2 (cat. No. C15200179), diluted 1:2,000 in PBS containing 10% milk. The position of the protein of interest (expected MW 224 kDa) is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.<br /><strong>Figure 1B.</strong> Western blot on mouse E14 ES cells. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Immunoprecipitation using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against TET2 </strong><br />IP was performed on 250 &micro;g HL60 RIPA cell lysate using the Diagenode antibody against TET2 (cat. No. C15200179) (lane 3) or an IgG negative control (lane 2). The samples were analysed by Western blot analysis as described above. The input sample (25 &micro;g RIPA lysate) was used as a positive control (lane 1). </small></p>
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<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_ChIPSeq-A.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP-seq" caption="false" width="886" height="173" /></p>
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<p><small><strong>Figure 1. MeDIP-seq with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br /> Genomic DNA from E14 ES cells was sheared with the Bioruptor&reg; to generate random fragments (size range 300 to 700 bp). One &micro;g of the fragmented DNA was ligated to Illumina adapters and the resulting DNA was used for a standard MeDIP assay, using 2 &micro;g of the Diagenode monoclonal against 5-mC (Cat. No. C15200081). After recovery of the methylated DNA, Illumina sequencing libraries were generated and sequenced on an Illumina Genome Analyzer according to the manufacturer&rsquo;s instructions. Figure 1A and 1B show Genome browser views of CA simple repeat elements with read distributions specific for 5-mC at 2 gene locations (SigleC15 and Mfsd4). Visual inspection of the peak profiles in a genome browser reveals high enrichment of CA simple repeats in affinity-enriched methylated fragments after MeDIP with the Diagenode 5-mC monoclonal antibody.</small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_medip.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP" caption="false" width="355" height="372" /></p>
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<p><small><strong>Figure 2. MeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br /> MeDIP (Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation) was performed on 1 &micro;g fragmented human genomic DNA using 0.2 &micro;g of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against 5-mC (cat. No. C15200081) and the MagMeDIP Kit (cat. No. C02010021). The fragmented DNA was spiked with the internal controls present in the kit (methylated DNA (meDNA) as a positive and unmethylated DNA (unDNA) as a negative control) prior to performing the IP. QPCR was performed with optimized primer sets, included in the kit, specific for the methylated and unmethylated DNA controls, and for a known methylated (TSH2B) and unmethylated (GAPDH) genomic region. Figure 2 shows the recovery expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis).</small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_Dotblot.png" alt=" 5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in dot blot" caption="false" width="201" height="196" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 3. Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-mC (cat. No. C15200081), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (cat. No. C02040010). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the methylated control.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_IF1.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody for immunofluorescence" height="121" width="500" caption="false" /></center></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against 5-mC (Cat. No. C15200081) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10&rsquo; and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the 5-mC antibody (middle) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<!--
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_SPR.png" alt="5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody" surface="" plasmon="" resonance="" caption="false" width="700" height="372" /></center></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 5. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis of the the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />A synthesized biotin-labeled 5-mC conjugate was immobilized on a CM4 BIAcore sensorchip (GE Healthcare, France). Briefly, two flowcells were prepared by sequential injections of EDC/NHS, streptavidin, and ethanolamine. One of these flowcells served as negative control (biotinylated spacer without 5-mC), while biotinylated 5-mC conjugate was injected in the other one, to get an immobilization level of 55 response units (RU). All SPR experiments were performed, using HBS-N buffer (10 mM HEPES,150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), at a flow rate of 5 &micro;l/min. Interaction assays involved injections of 2 different dilutions of the Diagenode 5-mC monoclonal antibody (Cat. No. C15200081) over the biotinylated 5-mC conjugate and negative control surfaces, followed by a 3 min washing step with HBS-N buffer to allow dissociation of the complexes formed. At the end of each cycle, the streptavidin surface was regenerated by injection of 0.1M citric acid (pH=3).</small></p>
<p><small>The sensorgrams correspond to the biotinylated 5-mC conjugate surface signal subtracted with the negative control. Data from the sensorgrams that reached binding equilibrium were used for Scatchard analysis. The value of the dissociation constant (kd) obtained by global fitting and 1:1 Langmuir model is 65 nM.</small></p>
</div>
</div>-->',
			'label2' => '',
			'info2' => '',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15200081-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'MAb-081-100',
			'sf_code' => 'C15200081-D001-000526',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '505',
			'price_USD' => '575',
			'price_GBP' => '450',
			'price_JPY' => '79110',
			'price_CNY' => '0',
			'price_AUD' => '1438',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => 'October 27, 2020',
			'slug' => '5-mc-monoclonal-antibody-33d3-premium-100-ug-50-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3 (C15200081) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC),monoclonal antibody,Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation',
			'meta_description' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Monoclonal Antibody, clone 33D3  validated  in MeDIP-seq, MeDIP, DB and IF. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2023-05-17 10:08:33',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '2033',
			'antibody_id' => '59',
			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rat) ',
			'description' => '<p>5<span>-hmC is a DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15220001-fig1.png" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Hydroxymethylated DNA IP results obtained with our hMeDIP kit (Cat. No. AF-104-0016)</strong><br /> Hydroxymethylated DNA IP (hMeDIP) assays were performed using the Diagenode hMeDIP kit. This kit includes: the monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. MAb-633HMC-050), 5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA standards &amp; Rat IgG (Cat. No. AF-105-0025). The DNA was prepared with the GenDNA module and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. 1 &mu;g of mouse ES cells DNA was spiked with 0.025 ng of each DNA standard. The IP&rsquo;d material has been analysed by qPCR using the primer pairs specific to the control sequences. The obtained results are as follows: - hMeDIP on unmethylated control &bull; with Rat IgG as negative control (0.06%, almost no recovery) &bull; with 5-hmC antibody (0.61%, almost no recovery) - hMeDIP on methylated control &bull; with Rat IgG as negative control (0.03%, almost no recovery) &bull; with 5-hmC antibody (0.62%, almost no recovery) - hMeDIP on hydroxymethylated control &bull; with Rat IgG as negative control (0.04%, almost no recovery) &bull; with 5-hmC (97.60% recovery, almost full recovery) These results clearly demonstrate the high specificity and efficiency of the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine monoclonal antibody.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15220001-fig2.png" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="375" height="274" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. Determination of the 5-hmC rat monoclonal antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-hmC (Cat No. MAb-633HMC-050, MAb-633HMC-100) in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was a 5-hmC base coupled to KHL. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:25,000.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15220001-fig3.png" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="190" height="192" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 3. Dot blot analysis of the Diagenode 5-hmC and 5-mC monoclonal antibodies with the C, mC and hmC PCR controls</strong><br />Figure 3A: Approximately 200 ng, equivalent 10 pmol of C-bases, of the hmC (1), mC (2) and C (3) PCR controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat. No. AF-101-0002) were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The membrane was incubated with 5-hydroxymethylcytosine rat monoclonal antibody (dilution 1:500 ; 4 &mu;g/ml final concentration), followed by an HRP conjugated anti-rat secondary antibody. The membrane was exposed during 30 seconds. Figure 3B: Incubation of the same membrane with the 5-methylcytosine mouse monoclonal antibody (Cat. No. MAb-335MEC-100/500) (dilution 1:250). Note that the membrane was not stripped after the 5-hmC incubation. The left spot represents the remaining hmC signal. This result confirms that an equal amount of mC bases was spotted at position 2.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15220001-fig4.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="115" height="232" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 4. Dot blot analysis of the Diagenode 5-hmC rat monoclonal antibody with the C, mC and hmC PCR controls</strong><br />200 to 2 ng (equivalent of 10 to 0.1 pmol of C-base) of the hmC (1), mC (2) and C (3) PCR controls from the Diagenode &laquo; 5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat. No. AF-101-0020) were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The membrane was incubated with 4 &mu;g/ml (dilution 1:500) of the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine rat monoclonal antibody, followed by an HRP conjugated anti-rat secondary antibody. The membrane was exposed for 30 seconds.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15220001',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'MAb-633HMC-050',
			'sf_code' => 'C15220001-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-monoclonal-antibody-rat-classic-50-ug-32-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Monoclonal Antibody (rat) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,5-hmC, 5-mC,monoclonal antibody ,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Monoclonal Antibody (rat)  validated  in hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available',
			'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:58:50',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '2009',
			'antibody_id' => '47',
			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (mouse) ',
			'description' => '<p>One of the&nbsp;<strong>only two monoclonal antibodies raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC).</strong>&nbsp;5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</p>
<p><strong></strong></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200200-fig1.png" alt="ChIP" width="160" caption="false" height="280" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1. An hydroxymethylated DNA IP (hMeDIP) was performed using the Diagenode mouse monoclonal antibody directed against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. MAb-31HMC-020, MAb-31HMC-050, MAb-31HMC-100).</strong> <br />The IgG isotype antibodies from mouse (Cat. No. kch-819-015) was used as negative control. The DNA was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to have DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. 1 &mu;g of human Hela cells DNA were spiked with non-methylated, methylated, and hydroxymethylated PCR fragments. The IP&rsquo;d material has been analysed by qPCR using the primer pair specific for the 3 different control sequences. The obtained results show that the mouse monoclonal for 5-hmC is highly specific for this base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C bases containing fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200200-fig2.png" alt="ELISA" width="190" caption="false" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Determination of the 5-hmC mouse monoclonal antibody titer </strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode mouse monoclonal antibody directed against 5-hmC (Cat No. MAb-31HMC-050, MAb-31HMC-100) in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was KHL coupled to 5-hmC base. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:40,000. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200200-fig3.png" alt="Dot Blot" width="100" caption="false" height="137" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Dotblot analysis of the Diagenode 5-hmC mouse monoclonal antibody with the C, mC and hmC PCR controls </strong><br />200 to 2 ng (equivalent of 10 to 0.1 pmol of C-bases) of the hmC (1), mC (2) and C (3) PCR controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0020) were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The membrane was incubated with 2 &mu;g/ml of the mouse 5-hydroxymethylcytosine monoclonal antibody (dilution 1:500). The membranes were exposed for 30 seconds. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 µg/50 µl',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15200200',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'Mab-31HMC-050',
			'sf_code' => 'C15200200-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-monoclonal-antibody-mouse-classic-50-ug-50-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Monoclonal Antibody (mouse) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,monoclonal antibody ,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Monoclonal Antibody (mouse)  validated  in hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:52:54',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '2138',
			'antibody_id' => '37',
			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310210-elisa.png" alt="ELISA" width="342" height="266" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Determination of the 5-hmC rabbit polyclonal antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against 5-hmC in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was BSA coupled to the 5-hmC base. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1: 3,500. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310210-fig2.png" alt="" width="161" height="399" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. An hydroxymethylated DNA IP (hMeDIP) was performed using the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. CS-HMC-100).</strong><br />The IgG isotype antibodies from rabbit (Cat. No. kch-504-250) was used as negative control. The DNA was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to have DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. 1 &mu;g of human Hela cells DNA were spiked with non-methylated, methylated, and hydroxymethylated fragments. The IP&rsquo;d material has been analysed by qPCR using the primer pair specific for the 3 different control sequences. The obtained results show that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal for 5-hmC is highly specific for this base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C bases containing fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310210-fig3.png" alt="Dot Blot" width="135" height="119" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 3. Dotblot analysis of the Diagenode 5-hmC rabbit polyclonal antibody with the C, mC and hmC PCR controls</strong><br />100 to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the hmC, mC and C PCR controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002) were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The membrane was incubated with the rabbit 5-hydroxymethylcytosine polyclonal antibody (dilution 1:200). The membranes were exposed for 30 seconds. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µl',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15310210-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'CS-HMC-100',
			'sf_code' => 'C15310210-D001-001161',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'Japan',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-100-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,5-hmC, 5-mC,polyclonal antibody ,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in hMeDIP, ELISA  and DB. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available',
			'modified' => '2022-01-05 15:27:19',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'id' => '2677',
			'antibody_id' => '35',
			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 μg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410205',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'pAb-HMC-050',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410205-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-50-ug',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,Polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in  hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:44:20',
			'created' => '2015-07-31 14:55:13',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
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		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'id' => '2136',
			'antibody_id' => '440',
			'name' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Antibody ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-DIP.png" alt="DIP" height="433" width="400" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. DIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC</strong><br />HEK293 cells were transfected with a reporter gene and hydroxymethylated in vitro with either a pCAG expression vector containing the TET2 catalytic domain (TET2cd) or a negative control pCAG vector. DIP assays were performed on 4 &mu;g of sheared and denatured DNA using 3 &mu;l of the Diagenode antibody against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200) in a total of 500 &mu;l IP buffer. QPCR was performed with primers specific for the reporter gene. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (mean +standard deviation of 3 different experiments).</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-fig1.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="277" width="379" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. Determination of the titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200). The plates were coated with the immunogen. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be &gt;1:100,000.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>Until a few years ago, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was the only known modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was discovered. This new modified base is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-mC into 5-hmC by the TET family of oxygenases.</p>
<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. As such it may play a role in the regulation of gene activity. This pathway includes further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group, both catalyzed by TET oxygenases. The formyl and carboxyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) can be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC, 5-hmC and 5-caC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-fC.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µl',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15310200',
			'old_catalog_number' => '',
			'sf_code' => 'C15310200-D001-001161',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'Japan',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-formylcytosine-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC), polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in DIP and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2023-01-30 14:16:16',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '2280',
			'antibody_id' => '234',
			'name' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Antibody ',
			'description' => '<div data-canvas-width="124.25999999999996" style="left: 329.401px; top: 425.793px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.0021);">Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-Carboxylcytosine (5ca-CMP monophosphate) conjugated to BSA.</div>
<p><span>&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><strong></strong></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-3 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-Dotblot.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 1. Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050), a Dot Blot analysis was performed using synthetic oligonucleotides containing different modified C-bases (indicated in red). 125 and 25 ng of the respective oligo&rsquo;s were bound to a Streptavindin-coated multi-well plate. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. The binding of antibody to the DNA was measured by ECL chemiluminescence. Figure 1 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the carboxylated cytosine. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-Immunostaining.jpg" alt="Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 2. Immunofluorescence assay using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> 293T cells were transfected with either the mouse FLAG-tagged wild-type Tet1 (Tet1 CD) or the catalytically inactive FLAG-tagged C-terminal domain of Tet1 (Tet1 mCD) and stained with the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050), diluted 1:500, and with an anti-FLAG antibody, followed by DAPI counterstaining. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-chip.jpg" alt="Immunoprecipitation" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 3. Immunoprecipitation using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> Immunoprecipitation was performed with the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050) on 2 &mu;g of J1 ES genomic DNA, spiked with 1 pg of a control DNA fragment (approximately 700 bp from the RFP (Ring finger protein) gene) containing different cytosine modifications. The mC and hmC control DNA was generated by PCR with the corresponding nucleotide. The caC control fragment was obtained by in vitro methylation using M.SssI methyltransferase followed by oxidation with purified Tet2. The IP&rsquo;d DNA was subsequently anaysed by qPCR using primers specific for the control DNA fragments and for GAPDH, used as a negative control. Figure 3 shows the enrichment calculated as the ratio of the recovery of the control DNA versus the recovery of the GAPDH negative control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>Until recently, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was the only known modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was discovered. This new modified base (also called the Sixth base) is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-mC into 5-hmC by the TET family of oxygenases.</p>
<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. This pathway could involve further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group followed by either deformylation or decarboxylation. The carboxyl and formyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) could be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC and 5-hmC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-Carboxycytosine.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410204-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'pAb-caC-100',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410204-D001-000526',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-cac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ug',
			'meta_title' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => 'Immunoprecipitation,5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC),polyclonal antibody',
			'meta_description' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in DB, IF and IP. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available',
			'modified' => '2024-01-17 20:11:37',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'id' => '2429',
			'antibody_id' => '429',
			'name' => 'TET3 Antibody ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against TET3 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 3), using 4 KLH-conjugated synthetic peptides containing sequences from different parts of the protein.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-ELISA.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="301" width="400" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of Diagenode antibody directed against mouse TET3 (cat. No. C15410311). The plates were coated with the peptides used for immunization of the rabbit. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:20,300.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-WB.jpg" alt="Western blot" height="167" width="123" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 2. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br />Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-WB2.jpg" alt="Western blot" height="185" width="142" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br /> Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:200 in TBS- Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. Lane 2 shows the results after incubation of the antibody with the immunizing peptides. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>TET3 (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry O43151) is a member of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) gene family which play a role in the DNA methylation process. It catalyzes the conversion of the modified genomic base 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) which is the first step in demethylation of the DNA. TET3 may therefore play an important role in gene activation and plays a key role in epigenetic chromatin reprogramming in the zygote following fertilization. Diseases associated with TET3 include acute myeloid leukemia.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 μg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410311',
			'old_catalog_number' => '',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410311-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '260',
			'price_USD' => '260',
			'price_GBP' => '245',
			'price_JPY' => '40730',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '650',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => 'tet3-polyclonal-antibody-pioneer-50-mg',
			'meta_title' => 'TET3 Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '',
			'meta_description' => 'TET3 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 3) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in WB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. ',
			'modified' => '2022-01-05 16:06:44',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
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	'Application' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '19',
			'position' => '10',
			'parent_id' => '40',
			'name' => 'WB',
			'description' => '<p><strong>Western blot</strong> : The quality of antibodies used in this technique is crucial for correct and specific protein identification. Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive and specific western blot-validated antibodies.</p>
<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
<p><em></em>Check our selection of antibodies validated in Western blot.</p>',
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			'in_menu' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'tabular' => true,
			'slug' => 'western-blot-antibodies',
			'meta_keywords' => ' Western Blot Antibodies ,western blot protocol,Western Blotting Products,Polyclonal antibodies ,monoclonal antibodies ',
			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers a wide range of antibodies and technical support for western blot applications',
			'meta_title' => ' Western Blot  - Monoclonal antibody - Polyclonal antibody  | Diagenode',
			'modified' => '2016-04-26 12:44:51',
			'created' => '2015-01-07 09:20:00',
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			'id' => '30',
			'position' => '10',
			'parent_id' => '40',
			'name' => 'IP',
			'description' => '<p>Immunoprecipitation</p>',
			'in_footer' => false,
			'in_menu' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'tabular' => true,
			'slug' => 'immunoprecipitation',
			'meta_keywords' => 'Immunoprecipitation,Monoclonal antibody,Polyclonal antibody',
			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers a wide range of antibodies and technical support for Immunoprecipitation applications',
			'meta_title' => 'Immunoprecipitation - Monoclonal antibody - Polyclonal antibody | Diagenode',
			'modified' => '2016-01-13 12:23:07',
			'created' => '2015-07-08 13:46:50',
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	'Category' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '23',
			'position' => '40',
			'parent_id' => '4',
			'name' => 'DNA modifications',
			'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">T</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">he pattern of <strong>DNA modifications</strong> is critical for genome stability and the control of gene expression in the cell. Methylation of 5-cytosine (5-mC), one of the best-studied epigenetic marks, is carried out by the <strong>DNA methyltransferases</strong> DNMT3A and B and DNMT1. DNMT3A and DNMT3B are responsible for </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">de novo</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> DNA methylation, whereas DNMT1 maintains existing methylation. 5-mC undergoes active demethylation which is performed by the <strong>Ten-Eleven Translocation</strong> (TET) familly of DNA hydroxylases. The latter consists of 3 members TET1, 2 and 3. All 3 members catalyze the conversion of <strong>5-methylcytosine</strong> (5-mC) into <strong>5-hydroxymethylcytosine</strong> (5-hmC), and further into <strong>5-formylcytosine</strong> (5-fC) and <strong>5-carboxycytosine</strong> (5-caC). 5-fC and 5-caC can be converted to unmodified cytosine by <strong>Thymine DNA Glycosylase</strong> (TDG). It is not yet clear if 5-hmC, 5-fC and 5-caC have specific functions or are simply intermediates in the demethylation of 5-mC.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">DNA methylation is generally considered as a repressive mark and is usually associated with gene silencing. It is essential that the balance between DNA methylation and demethylation is precisely maintained. Dysregulation of DNA methylation may lead to many different human diseases and is often observed in cancer cells.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode offers highly validated antibodies against different proteins involved in DNA modifications as well as against the modified bases allowing the study of all steps and intermediates in the DNA methylation/demethylation pathway:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/dna-methylation.jpg" height="599" width="816" /></p>
<p><strong>Diagenode exclusively sources the original 5-methylcytosine monoclonal antibody (clone 33D3).</strong></p>
<p>Check out the list below to see all proposed antibodies for DNA modifications.</p>
<p>Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers Monoclonal and Polyclonal antibodies for DNA Methylation. The pattern of DNA modifications is critical for genome stability and the control of gene expression in the cell. ',
			'meta_title' => 'DNA modifications - Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies for DNA Methylation | Diagenode',
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			'name' => 'All antibodies',
			'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">All Diagenode&rsquo;s antibodies are listed below. Please, use our Quick search field to find the antibody of interest by target name, application, purity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
</ul>',
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			'meta_description' => 'Diagenode Offers Strict quality standards with Rigorous QC and validated Antibodies. Classified based on level of validation for flexibility of Application. Comprehensive selection of histone and non-histone Antibodies',
			'meta_title' => 'Diagenode's selection of Antibodies is exclusively dedicated for Epigenetic Research | Diagenode',
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			'id' => '708',
			'name' => 'Datasheet TET2 C15200179',
			'description' => '<p>Monoclonal antibody raised in mouse against a recombinant protein containing the N-terminal 300 amino acids of human TET2 (tet oncogene family member 2).</p>',
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			'name' => 'Antibodies you can trust',
			'description' => '<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Epigenetic research tools have evolved over time from endpoint PCR to qPCR to the analyses of large sets of genome-wide sequencing data. ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) has now become the gold standard method for chromatin studies, given the accuracy and coverage scale of the approach over other methods. Successful ChIP-seq, however, requires a higher level of experimental accuracy and consistency in all steps of ChIP than ever before. Particularly crucial is the quality of ChIP antibodies. </span></p>',
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			'name' => 'Epigenetic Antibodies Brochure',
			'description' => '<p>More than in any other immuoprecipitation assays, quality antibodies are critical tools in many epigenetics experiments. Since 10 years, Diagenode has developed the most stringent quality production available on the market for antibodies exclusively focused on epigenetic uses. All our antibodies have been qualified to work in epigenetic applications.</p>',
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			'id' => '4482',
			'name' => 'Vitamin C enhances NF-κB-driven epigenomic reprogramming andboosts the immunogenic properties of dendritic cells.',
			'authors' => 'Morante-Palacios  O. et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen-presenting cells, are necessary for effective activation of na&iuml;ve T cells. DCs' immunological properties are modulated in response to various stimuli. Active DNA demethylation is crucial for DC differentiation and function. Vitamin C, a known cofactor of ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, drives active demethylation. Vitamin C has recently emerged as a promising adjuvant for several types of cancer; however, its effects on human immune cells are poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the epigenomic and transcriptomic reprogramming orchestrated by vitamin C in monocyte-derived DC differentiation and maturation. Vitamin C triggers extensive demethylation at NF-&kappa;B/p65 binding sites, together with concordant upregulation of antigen-presentation and immune response-related genes during DC maturation. p65 interacts with TET2 and mediates the aforementioned vitamin C-mediated changes, as demonstrated by pharmacological inhibition. Moreover, vitamin C increases TNF&beta; production in DCs through NF-&kappa;B, in concordance with the upregulation of its coding gene and the demethylation of adjacent CpGs. Finally, vitamin C enhances DC's ability to stimulate the proliferation of autologous antigen-specific T cells. We propose that vitamin C could potentially improve monocyte-derived DC-based cell therapies.</p>',
			'date' => '2022-10-01',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36305821',
			'doi' => '10.1093/nar/gkac941',
			'modified' => '2022-11-18 12:30:06',
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		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '4253',
			'name' => 'Coordinated glucocorticoid receptor and MAFB action inducestolerogenesis and epigenome remodeling in dendritic cells',
			'authors' => 'Morante-Palacios Octavio et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Abstract Glucocorticoids (GCs) exert potent anti-inflammatory effects in immune cells through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Dendritic cells (DCs), central actors for coordinating immune responses, acquire tolerogenic properties in response to GCs. Tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) have emerged as a potential treatment for various inflammatory diseases. To date, the underlying cell type-specific regulatory mechanisms orchestrating GC-mediated acquisition of immunosuppressive properties remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic and epigenomic remodeling associated with differentiation to DCs in the presence of GCs. Our analysis demonstrates a major role of MAFB in this process, in synergy with GR. GR and MAFB both interact with methylcytosine dioxygenase TET2 and bind to genomic loci that undergo specific demethylation in tolDCs. We also show that the role of MAFB is more extensive, binding to thousands of genomic loci in tolDCs. Finally, MAFB knockdown erases the tolerogenic properties of tolDCs and reverts the specific DNA demethylation and gene upregulation. The preeminent role of MAFB is also demonstrated in vivo for myeloid cells from synovium in rheumatoid arthritis following GC treatment. Our results imply that, once directly activated by GR, MAFB plays a critical role in orchestrating the epigenomic and transcriptomic remodeling that define the tolerogenic phenotype.</p>',
			'date' => '2022-01-01',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34893889',
			'doi' => '10.1093/nar/gkab1182',
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			'id' => '3641',
			'name' => 'TET2 inhibits tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells by regulating caspase-4.',
			'authors' => 'Zhu X, Li S',
			'description' => '<p>Epigenetic regulators have been shown to influence breast cancer progression. However, the detailed mechanism by which TET2 plays the suppressive role in tumorigenesis remains not completely understood. We employed RT-qPCR and westernblot to examine genes expression. Next, the bisulphite sequencing PCR was used to determine the methylation level at CASP4 promoter in the cells. Phenotypically, we utilized growth curve analysis, colony formation in soft agar and xenograft tumor assay to assess tumorigenesis of MCF-7 cell. We found that TET2 knockout enhanced colony formation ability and in vivo tumor formation ability&nbsp;of MCF-7 cell, whereas TET2 depletion not affected the growth rate of MCF-7 cell in the culture. Mechanistically, TET2 loss led to a significant decrease in caspase-4 expression possibly via increasing DNA methylation of CASP4 promoter in MCF-7 cell. To validate, TET2 overexpression led to higher level of caspase-4 in MDA-MB-231 and 293T cells, which was dependent on TET2 enzymatic activity. Finally, we observed that caspase-4 could revert, at least partially, TET2 deletion-induced tumorigenesis of MCF-7. In summary, we reveal a novel mechanism that TET2 suppresses tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells through caspase-4. Our findings will facilitate development of new diagnostic markers or therapeutical therapies for breast cancer.</p>',
			'date' => '2018-11-01',
			'pmid' => 'http://www.pubmed.gov/30385776',
			'doi' => '10.1038/s41598-018-34462-z',
			'modified' => '2019-06-07 10:20:47',
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		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '3293',
			'name' => 'The Role of N-α-acetyltransferase 10 Protein in DNA Methylation and Genomic Imprinting',
			'authors' => 'Lee C.C. et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Genomic imprinting is an allelic gene expression phenomenon primarily controlled by allele-specific DNA methylation at the imprinting control region (ICR), but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. N-&alpha;-acetyltransferase 10 protein (Naa10p) catalyzes N-&alpha;-acetylation of nascent proteins, and mutation of human Naa10p is linked to severe developmental delays. Here we report that Naa10-null mice display partial embryonic lethality, growth retardation, brain disorders, and maternal effect lethality, phenotypes commonly observed in defective genomic imprinting. Genome-wide analyses further revealed global DNA hypomethylation and enriched dysregulation of imprinted genes in Naa10p-knockout embryos and embryonic stem cells. Mechanistically, Naa10p facilitates binding of DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) to DNA substrates, including the ICRs of the imprinted allele during S phase. Moreover, the lethal Ogden syndrome-associated mutation of human Naa10p disrupts its binding to the ICR of H19 and Dnmt1 recruitment. Our study thus links Naa10p mutation-associated Ogden syndrome to defective DNA methylation and genomic imprinting.</p>',
			'date' => '2017-10-05',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28943313',
			'doi' => '',
			'modified' => '2017-12-04 10:51:06',
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			'id' => '3266',
			'name' => 'TET2- and TDG-mediated changes are required for the acquisition of distinct histone modifications in divergent terminal differentiation of myeloid cells',
			'authors' => 'Garcia-Gomez A. et al.',
			'description' => '<p>The plasticity of myeloid cells is illustrated by a diversity of functions including their role as effectors of innate immunity as macrophages (MACs) and bone remodelling as osteoclasts (OCs). TET2, a methylcytosine dioxygenase highly expressed in these cells and frequently mutated in myeloid leukemias, may be a key contributor to this plasticity. Through transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses, we investigated 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and gene expression changes in two divergent terminal myeloid differentiation processes, namely MAC and OC differentiation. MACs and OCs undergo highly similar 5hmC and 5mC changes, despite their wide differences in gene expression. Many TET2- and thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG)-dependent 5mC and 5hmC changes directly activate the common terminal myeloid differentiation programme. However, the acquisition of differential features between MACs and OCs also depends on TET2/TDG. In fact, 5mC oxidation precedes differential histone modification changes between MACs and OCs. TET2 and TDG downregulation impairs the acquisition of such differential histone modification and expression patterns at MAC-/OC-specific genes. We prove that the histone H3K4 methyltransferase SETD1A is differentially recruited between MACs and OCs in a TET2-dependent manner. We demonstrate a novel role of these enzymes in the establishment of specific elements of identity and function in terminal myeloid differentiation.</p>',
			'date' => '2017-09-29',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28973458',
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			'id' => '3104',
			'name' => 'TET2 binds the androgen receptor and loss is associated with prostate cancer',
			'authors' => 'Nickerson M.L. et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Genetic alterations associated with prostate cancer (PCa) may be identified by sequencing metastatic tumour genomes to identify molecular markers at this lethal stage of disease. Previously, we characterized somatic alterations in metastatic tumours in the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2), which is altered in 5-15% of myeloid, kidney, colon and PCas. Genome-wide association studies previously identified non-coding risk variants associated with PCa and melanoma. We perform fine-mapping of PCa risk across TET2 using genotypes from the PEGASUS case-control cohort and identify six new risk variants in introns 1 and 2. Oligonucleotides containing two risk variants are bound by the transcription factor octamer-binding protein 1 (Oct1/POU2F1) and TET2 and Oct1 expression are positively correlated in prostate tumours. TET2 is expressed in normal prostate tissue and reduced in a subset of tumours from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Small interfering RNA-mediated TET2 knockdown (KD) increases LNCaP cell proliferation, migration and wound healing, verifying loss drives a cancer phenotype. Endogenous TET2 bound the androgen receptor (AR) and AR-coactivator proteins in LNCaP cell extracts, and TET2 KD increases prostate-specific antigen (KLK3/PSA) expression. Published data reveal TET2 binding sites and hydroxymethylcytosine proximal to KLK3. A gene co-expression network identified using TCGA prostate tumour RNA-sequencing identifies co-regulated cancer genes associated with 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) and succinate metabolism, including TET2, lysine demethylase (KDM) KDM6A, BRCA1-associated BAP1, and citric acid cycle enzymes IDH1/2, SDHA/B, and FH. The co-expression signature is conserved across 31 TCGA cancers suggesting a putative role for TET2 as an energy sensor (of 2-OG) that modifies aspects of androgen-AR signalling. Decreased TET2 mRNA expression in TCGA PCa tumours is strongly associated with reduced patient survival, indicating reduced expression in tumours may be an informative biomarker of disease progression and perhaps metastatic disease.</p>',
			'date' => '2016-11-07',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27819678',
			'doi' => '',
			'modified' => '2017-01-03 15:50:31',
			'created' => '2017-01-03 15:50:31',
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		(int) 6 => array(
			'id' => '2978',
			'name' => 'TET-catalyzed oxidation of intragenic 5-methylcytosine regulates CTCF-dependent alternative splicing.',
			'authors' => 'Marina RJ et al.',
			'description' => '<p>Intragenic 5-methylcytosine and CTCF mediate opposing effects on pre-mRNA splicing: CTCF promotes inclusion of weak upstream exons through RNA polymerase II pausing, whereas 5-methylcytosine evicts CTCF, leading to exon exclusion. However, the mechanisms governing dynamic DNA methylation at CTCF-binding sites were unclear. Here, we reveal the methylcytosine dioxygenases TET1 and TET2 as active regulators of CTCF-mediated alternative splicing through conversion of 5-methylcytosine to its oxidation derivatives. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine are enriched at an intragenic CTCF-binding sites in the CD45 model gene and are associated with alternative exon inclusion. Reduced TET levels culminate in increased 5-methylcytosine, resulting in CTCF eviction and exon exclusion. In vitro analyses establish the oxidation derivatives are not sufficient to stimulate splicing, but efficiently promote CTCF association. We further show genomewide that reciprocal exchange of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine at downstream CTCF-binding sites is a general feature of alternative splicing in na&iuml;ve and activated CD4(+) T cells. These findings significantly expand our current concept of the pre-mRNA "splicing code" to include dynamic intragenic DNA methylation catalyzed by the TET proteins.</p>',
			'date' => '2016-02-01',
			'pmid' => 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26711177',
			'doi' => ' 10.15252/embj.201593235',
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			'name' => 'Single-Base Resolution Analysis of 5-Formyl and 5-Carboxyl Cytosine Reveals Promoter DNA Methylation Dynamics.',
			'authors' => 'Neri F, Incarnato D, Krepelova A, Rapelli S, Anselmi F, Parlato C, Medana C, Dal Bello F, Oliviero S',
			'description' => '<p>Ten eleven translocation (Tet) proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). 5fC and 5caC can be further excised by thymine-DNA glycosylase (Tdg). Here, we present a&nbsp;genome-wide approach, named methylation-assisted bisulfite sequencing (MAB-seq), that enables single-base resolution mapping of 5fC and 5caC and measures their abundance. Application of this method to mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) shows the occurrence of 5fC&nbsp;and 5caC residues on the hypomethylated promoters of highly expressed genes, which is&nbsp;increased upon Tdg silencing, revealing active&nbsp;DNA demethylation on these promoters. Genome-wide mapping of Tdg reveals extensive colocalization with Tet1 on active promoters. These regions were found to be methylated by Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a and demethylated by a&nbsp;Tet-dependent mechanism. Our work demonstrates the DNA methylation dynamics that occurs on the promoters of the expressed genes and provides a genomic reference map of 5fC and 5caC in ESCs.</p>',
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against TET2 </strong><br /><strong>Figure 1A.</strong> Whole cell extracts from HeLa cells (40 &micro;g) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET2 (cat. No. C15200179), diluted 1:2,000 in PBS containing 10% milk. The position of the protein of interest (expected MW 224 kDa) is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.<br /><strong>Figure 1B.</strong> Western blot on mouse E14 ES cells. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Immunoprecipitation using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against TET2 </strong><br />IP was performed on 250 &micro;g HL60 RIPA cell lysate using the Diagenode antibody against TET2 (cat. No. C15200179) (lane 3) or an IgG negative control (lane 2). The samples were analysed by Western blot analysis as described above. The input sample (25 &micro;g RIPA lysate) was used as a positive control (lane 1). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of Diagenode antibody directed against mouse TET3 (cat. No. C15410311). The plates were coated with the peptides used for immunization of the rabbit. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:20,300.</small></p>
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 2. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br />Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
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<p><small> <strong>Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br /> Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:200 in TBS- Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. Lane 2 shows the results after incubation of the antibody with the immunizing peptides. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
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<div class="small-4 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/c15200179-fig1a-wb.jpg" alt="Western Blot" width="130" height="161" caption="false" /></center><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/c15200179-fig1b-wb.jpg" alt="Western Blot" width="110" height="142" caption="false" /></center></div>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against TET2 </strong><br /><strong>Figure 1A.</strong> Whole cell extracts from HeLa cells (40 &micro;g) were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET2 (cat. No. C15200179), diluted 1:2,000 in PBS containing 10% milk. The position of the protein of interest (expected MW 224 kDa) is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.<br /><strong>Figure 1B.</strong> Western blot on mouse E14 ES cells. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Immunoprecipitation using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against TET2 </strong><br />IP was performed on 250 &micro;g HL60 RIPA cell lysate using the Diagenode antibody against TET2 (cat. No. C15200179) (lane 3) or an IgG negative control (lane 2). The samples were analysed by Western blot analysis as described above. The input sample (25 &micro;g RIPA lysate) was used as a positive control (lane 1). </small></p>
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	'name' => 'Single-Base Resolution Analysis of 5-Formyl and 5-Carboxyl Cytosine Reveals Promoter DNA Methylation Dynamics.',
	'authors' => 'Neri F, Incarnato D, Krepelova A, Rapelli S, Anselmi F, Parlato C, Medana C, Dal Bello F, Oliviero S',
	'description' => '<p>Ten eleven translocation (Tet) proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). 5fC and 5caC can be further excised by thymine-DNA glycosylase (Tdg). Here, we present a&nbsp;genome-wide approach, named methylation-assisted bisulfite sequencing (MAB-seq), that enables single-base resolution mapping of 5fC and 5caC and measures their abundance. Application of this method to mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) shows the occurrence of 5fC&nbsp;and 5caC residues on the hypomethylated promoters of highly expressed genes, which is&nbsp;increased upon Tdg silencing, revealing active&nbsp;DNA demethylation on these promoters. Genome-wide mapping of Tdg reveals extensive colocalization with Tet1 on active promoters. These regions were found to be methylated by Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a and demethylated by a&nbsp;Tet-dependent mechanism. Our work demonstrates the DNA methylation dynamics that occurs on the promoters of the expressed genes and provides a genomic reference map of 5fC and 5caC in ESCs.</p>',
	'date' => '2015-02-04',
	'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25660018',
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include - APP/View/Products/view.ctp, line 755
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
ProductsController::slug() - APP/Controller/ProductsController.php, line 1052
ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ??
Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 491
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 193
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 118

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Datasheet TET2 C15200179 DATASHEET Monoclonal antibody raised in mouse against a recombinant protein containing the N-terminal 300 a...	Download
Antibodies you can trust POSTER Epigenetic research tools have evolved over time from endpoint PCR to qPCR to the analyses of lar...	Download
Epigenetic Antibodies Brochure BROCHURE More than in any other immuoprecipitation assays, quality antibodies are critical tools in many e...	Download

TET2 antibody SDS GB en	Download
TET2 antibody SDS US en	Download
TET2 antibody SDS DE de	Download
TET2 antibody SDS JP ja	Download
TET2 antibody SDS BE nl	Download
TET2 antibody SDS FR fr	Download
TET2 antibody SDS BE fr	Download
TET2 antibody SDS ES es	Download