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<p><strong>Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) </strong> <span>enables </span><span>genome-s</span><span>cale </span>DNA methylation<span> analysis</span> at the single nucleotide level <span>in any vertebrate species. </span><span>The assay benefits from the practical advantages of bisulfite sequencing while avoiding the cost of</span> whole genome sequencing. By cutting the genome using the restriction MspI enzyme (CCGG target sites) followed by size selection, DNA is enriched to represent<span> biologically relevant target</span> CpG-rich regions including <span>promoters and </span>CpG islands.<span> Our RRBS service makes this technology widely available and provides high coverage (up to 7 million CpGs</span><span> detected </span><span>in human samples).</span></p>
<h2>Genome-scale DNA methylation analysis</h2>
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<li>Single nucleotide resolution</li>
<li>Detection of methylation patterns in CpG rich regions including promoters and CpG islands</li>
<li>Suitable for any vertebrate species</li>
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<h2>Complete end-to-end service</h2>
<ul class="square">
<li><span><span class="ui-provider ee cfi bsv cfj cfk cfl cfm cfn cfo cfp cfq cfr cfs cft cfu cfv cfw cfx cfy cfz cga cgb cgc cgd cge cgf cgg cgh cgi cgj cgk cgl cgm cgn cgo" dir="ltr">From DNA QC to sequencing raw data</span></span></li>
<li>Leveraging our <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/premium-rrbs-kit-V2-x24">Premium RRBS kit V2</a> widely adopted</li>
<li>As little as 25 ng for any vertebrate species</li>
<li>Differentially methylated site analysis <span>using <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/bioinformatics-service">bioinformatics tools</a></span></li>
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<h2></h2>
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<p><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> </span><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/dna-methylation-profiling-services">See our other DNA Methylation Profiling Services</a></p>',
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<li>Assessment of DNA quality</li>
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<li>40 million raw reads (on average) per sample when pooling 10 samples/lane</li>
<li>7 million CpGs (on average) for human samples</li>
<li>7-11x CpG coverage (on average) for human samples</li>
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<h4><strong>Features</strong></h4>
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<p><strong>Gene ontology terms analysis</strong></p>
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<li>Get functional insights</li>
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<p><strong>Pathway analysis</strong></p>
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<div style="text-align: justify;" class="large-12 columns">Bisulfite modification of DNA is the most commonly used, "<strong>gold standard</strong>" method for DNA methylation studies providing <strong>single nucleotide resolution</strong>. T<span style="font-weight: 400;">his technology is based on the chemical conversion of unmethylated cytosine to uracil. Methylated cytosines are protected from this conversion allowing to determine DNA methylation at the singe nucleotide level.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;" class="large-12 columns"></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;" class="large-12 columns">Various analyses can be performed on the altered sequence to retrieve this information: bisulfite sequencing, pyrosequencing, methylation-specific PCR, high resolution melting curve analysis, microarray-based approaches, and next-generation sequencing.
<h3>How it works</h3>
Treatment of DNA with bisulfite converts cytosine residues to uracil, but leaves 5-methylcytosine residues unaffected (see Figure 1).
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/applications/bisulfite.png" /><br />Figure 1: Overview of bisulfite conversion of DNA</p>
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<div style="text-align: justify;" class="small-12 medium-8 large-8 columns">
<h2>Complete solutions for DNA methylation studies</h2>
<p>Whether you are experienced or new to the field of DNA methylation, Diagenode has everything you need to make your assay as easy and convenient as possible while ensuring consistent data between samples and experiments. Diagenode offers sonication instruments, reagent kits, high quality antibodies, and high-throughput automation capability to address all of your specific DNA methylation analysis requirements.</p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-4 large-4 columns text-center"><a href="../landing-pages/dna-methylation-grant-applications"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/banners/banner-dna-grant.png" alt="" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;" class="small-12 medium-12 large-12 columns">
<p>DNA methylation was the first discovered epigenetic mark and is the most widely studied topic in epigenetics. <em>In vivo</em>, DNA is methylated following DNA replication and is involved in a number of biological processes including the regulation of imprinted genes, X chromosome inactivation. and tumor suppressor gene silencing in cancer cells. Methylation often occurs in cytosine-guanine rich regions of DNA (CpG islands), which are commonly upstream of promoter regions.</p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-12 large-12 columns"><br /><br />
<ul class="accordion" data-accordion="">
<li class="accordion-navigation"><a href="#dnamethyl"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> Learn more</a>
<div id="dnamethyl" class="content">5-methylcytosine (5-mC) has been known for a long time as the only modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, Kriaucionis discovered a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). The so-called 6th base, is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Early reports suggested that 5-hmC may represent an intermediate of active demethylation in a new pathway which demethylates DNA, converting 5-mC to cytosine. Recent evidence fuel this hypothesis suggesting that further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group leads to a formyl or carboxyl group followed by either deformylation or decarboxylation. The formyl and carboxyl groups of 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC) could be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/kits_dna/dna_methylation_variants.jpg" /></p>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<h2>Main DNA methylation technologies</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Overview of the <span style="font-weight: 400;">three main approaches for studying DNA methylation.</span></p>
<div class="row">
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Chemical modification with bisulfite – Bisulfite conversion</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Enrichment of methylated DNA (including MeDIP and MBD)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Treatment with methylation-sensitive or dependent restriction enzymes</span></li>
</ol>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> </span></p>
<div class="row">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>Description</th>
<th width="350">Features</th>
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</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Bisulfite conversion</strong></td>
<td><span style="font-weight: 400;">Chemical conversion of unmethylated cytosine to uracil. Methylated cytosines are protected from this conversion allowing to determine DNA methylation at single nucleotide resolution.</span></td>
<td>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Single nucleotide resolution</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Quantitative analysis - methylation rate (%)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Gold standard and well studied</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Compatible with automation</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Methylated DNA enrichment</b></td>
<td><span style="font-weight: 400;">(Hydroxy-)Methylated DNA is enriched by using specific antibodies (hMeDIP or MeDIP) or proteins (MBD) that specifically bind methylated CpG sites in fragmented genomic DNA.</span></td>
<td>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Resolution depends on the fragment size of the enriched methylated DNA (300 bp)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Qualitative analysis</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Compatible with automation</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Restriction enzyme-based digestion</strong></td>
<td><span style="font-weight: 400;">Use of (hydroxy)methylation-sensitive or (hydroxy)methylation-dependent restriction enzymes for DNA methylation analysis at specific sites.</span></td>
<td>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Determination of methylation status is limited by the enzyme recognition site</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Easy to use</span></li>
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<p>Sodium bisulfite conversion of genomic DNA is the most commonly used method for DNA methylation studies providing <strong>single nucleotide resolution</strong>. It enables <span>to differentiate and detect unmethylated versus methylated cytosines. This procedure can then be followed either by <strong>PCR amplification</strong> or <strong>next generation sequencing</strong> to reveal the methylation status of every cytosine in gene specific amplification or whole genome amplification.</span></p>
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<h2>How it works</h2>
<p style="text-align: left;">Treatment of DNA with sodium bisulfite converts unmethylated cytosine to uracil, while methylated cytosines remain unchanged. <span>The DNA is then amplified by PCR where the uracils are converted to thymines. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span></span></p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/bisulfite-conversion/bisulfite-conversion-acgautac.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
<h2>Advantages</h2>
<ul class="nobullet" style="font-size: 19px;">
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i><strong> </strong><strong>Single nucleotide</strong> resolution</li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i><strong> Gene-specific </strong>and <strong>genome-wide</strong><span> analyses</span></li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i><strong> NGS</strong><span> </span>compatible</li>
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<h2>Downstream analysis techniques</h2>
<ul class="square">
<li>Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) with our <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/premium-rrbs-kit-V2-x24">Premium RRBS Kit V2</a></li>
<li>Bisulfite conversion with our <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/premium-bisulfite-kit-50-rxns">Premium Bisulfite Kit</a> followed by qPCR, Sanger, Pyrosequencing</li>
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<p><span>Diagenode’s Premium RRBS technology </span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span>Positive and negative spike-in controls are included for the monitoring of bisulfite conversion efficiency. </span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span>Size selection has been optimized to keep small fragments of interest and to remove adaptor dimers, resulting in a better coverag. </span></p>
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<p><span>The pooling protocol includes a quantification of the samples and a pooling application, available on our website, to help you to choose the groups, depending on the DNA amount and adaptor barcode of each sample. </span></p>
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<p><span>The bisulfite conversion protocol has been improved to decrease DNA degradation while keeping a highly efficient conversion of unmethylated cytosine. </span></p>
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<li>
<p><span>The minimum number of amplification cycles needed for each pool is determined to avoid amplification biases. Our MethylTaq Plus enzyme was developed to amplify bisulfite converted DNA with high efficiency, and reduces the number of PCR cycles required. </span></p>
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<h6 style="height:60px">RRBS Service (Reduced Representation Bisulfite ...</h6>
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'name' => 'RRBS Service (Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing)',
'description' => '<p><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/quotes/quote?id=2836"><img alt="RRBS Service" src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/banners/b-page-promo-rrbs.png" /></a></p>
<div class="extra-spaced">
<p><strong>Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) </strong> <span>enables </span><span>genome-s</span><span>cale </span>DNA methylation<span> analysis</span> at the single nucleotide level <span>in any vertebrate species. </span><span>The assay benefits from the practical advantages of bisulfite sequencing while avoiding the cost of</span> whole genome sequencing. By cutting the genome using the restriction MspI enzyme (CCGG target sites) followed by size selection, DNA is enriched to represent<span> biologically relevant target</span> CpG-rich regions including <span>promoters and </span>CpG islands.<span> Our RRBS service makes this technology widely available and provides high coverage (up to 7 million CpGs</span><span> detected </span><span>in human samples).</span></p>
<h2>Genome-scale DNA methylation analysis</h2>
<ul class="square">
<li>Robust and cost-effective solution with reliable results</li>
<li>Capability to use gDNA inputs down to 25 ng</li>
<li>Use of UDIs enhance sequencing results</li>
<li>UMI technology eliminates PCR duplicates</li>
<li>High coverage - up to 7 million CpGs detected in human samples</li>
<li>Single nucleotide resolution</li>
<li>Detection of methylation patterns in CpG rich regions including promoters and CpG islands</li>
<li>Suitable for any vertebrate species</li>
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<h2>Complete end-to-end service</h2>
<ul class="square">
<li><span><span class="ui-provider ee cfi bsv cfj cfk cfl cfm cfn cfo cfp cfq cfr cfs cft cfu cfv cfw cfx cfy cfz cga cgb cgc cgd cge cgf cgg cgh cgi cgj cgk cgl cgm cgn cgo" dir="ltr">From DNA QC to sequencing raw data</span></span></li>
<li>Leveraging our <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/premium-rrbs-kit-V2-x24">Premium RRBS kit V2</a> widely adopted</li>
<li>As little as 25 ng for any vertebrate species</li>
<li>Differentially methylated site analysis <span>using <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/bioinformatics-service">bioinformatics tools</a></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="extra-spaced">
<h2></h2>
</div>
<p><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> </span><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/dna-methylation-profiling-services">See our other DNA Methylation Profiling Services</a></p>',
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<div class="small-6 columns">
<h4>RRBS Service includes:</h4>
<table style="width: 905px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 264px;"><strong>QC of the genomic DNA</strong></td>
<td style="width: 636px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Measurement of DNA concentration </li>
<li>Assessment of DNA quality</li>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 264px;"><strong>Preparation of RRBS libraries</strong></td>
<td style="width: 636px;">
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<li>MspI digestion</li>
<li>Library preparation (ends preparation, adaptor ligation)</li>
<li>Size selection</li>
<li>Sample pooling</li>
<li>Bisulfite conversion</li>
<li>Library amplification and clean-up</li>
<li>QC of the RRBS library pool (DNA concentration, analysis of the pool profile)</li>
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<tr>
<td style="width: 264px;"><strong>Deep sequencing</strong></td>
<td style="width: 636px;">
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<li>Samples are sequenced on an Illumina platform, paired-end reads, read length 50 bp (PE50)</li>
<li>40 million raw reads (on average) per sample when pooling 10 samples/lane</li>
<li>7 million CpGs (on average) for human samples</li>
<li>7-11x CpG coverage (on average) for human samples</li>
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</tr>
</tbody>
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<div class="small-6 columns">
<table style="width: 895px;">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="width: 262px;">
<h4><strong>Analysis</strong></h4>
</th>
<th style="width: 624px;">
<h4><strong>Features</strong></h4>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 262px;"><strong>Standard</strong></td>
<td style="width: 624px;">
<ul>
<li>FASTQ raw data</li>
<li>FASTQC quality control insights</li>
<li>Alignment of bisulfite sequencing data against reference genome</li>
<li>Methylation calling and extraction</li>
<li>Summary statistics</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 262px;"><strong>Differential methylation analysis<br /></strong></td>
<td style="width: 624px;">
<ul>
<li>Methylation level analysis</li>
<li>Differentially Methylated CpGs (DMCs) analysis</li>
<li>Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs) analysis</li>
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<p><strong>Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) </strong> <span>enables </span><span>genome-s</span><span>cale </span>DNA methylation<span> analysis</span> at the single nucleotide level <span>in any vertebrate species. </span><span>The assay benefits from the practical advantages of bisulfite sequencing while avoiding the cost of</span> whole genome sequencing. By cutting the genome using the restriction MspI enzyme (CCGG target sites) followed by size selection, DNA is enriched to represent<span> biologically relevant target</span> CpG-rich regions including <span>promoters and </span>CpG islands.<span> Our RRBS service makes this technology widely available and provides high coverage (up to 7 million CpGs</span><span> detected </span><span>in human samples).</span></p>
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<li>Detection of methylation patterns in CpG rich regions including promoters and CpG islands</li>
<li>Suitable for any vertebrate species</li>
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<h2>Complete end-to-end service</h2>
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<li><span><span class="ui-provider ee cfi bsv cfj cfk cfl cfm cfn cfo cfp cfq cfr cfs cft cfu cfv cfw cfx cfy cfz cga cgb cgc cgd cge cgf cgg cgh cgi cgj cgk cgl cgm cgn cgo" dir="ltr">From DNA QC to sequencing raw data</span></span></li>
<li>Leveraging our <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/premium-rrbs-kit-V2-x24">Premium RRBS kit V2</a> widely adopted</li>
<li>As little as 25 ng for any vertebrate species</li>
<li>Differentially methylated site analysis <span>using <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/bioinformatics-service">bioinformatics tools</a></span></li>
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<div class="extra-spaced">
<h2></h2>
</div>
<p><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> </span><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/dna-methylation-profiling-services">See our other DNA Methylation Profiling Services</a></p>',
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<div style="text-align: justify;" class="large-12 columns">Bisulfite modification of DNA is the most commonly used, "<strong>gold standard</strong>" method for DNA methylation studies providing <strong>single nucleotide resolution</strong>. T<span style="font-weight: 400;">his technology is based on the chemical conversion of unmethylated cytosine to uracil. Methylated cytosines are protected from this conversion allowing to determine DNA methylation at the singe nucleotide level.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;" class="large-12 columns"></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;" class="large-12 columns">Various analyses can be performed on the altered sequence to retrieve this information: bisulfite sequencing, pyrosequencing, methylation-specific PCR, high resolution melting curve analysis, microarray-based approaches, and next-generation sequencing.
<h3>How it works</h3>
Treatment of DNA with bisulfite converts cytosine residues to uracil, but leaves 5-methylcytosine residues unaffected (see Figure 1).
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/applications/bisulfite.png" /><br />Figure 1: Overview of bisulfite conversion of DNA</p>
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<h2>Complete solutions for DNA methylation studies</h2>
<p>Whether you are experienced or new to the field of DNA methylation, Diagenode has everything you need to make your assay as easy and convenient as possible while ensuring consistent data between samples and experiments. Diagenode offers sonication instruments, reagent kits, high quality antibodies, and high-throughput automation capability to address all of your specific DNA methylation analysis requirements.</p>
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<p>DNA methylation was the first discovered epigenetic mark and is the most widely studied topic in epigenetics. <em>In vivo</em>, DNA is methylated following DNA replication and is involved in a number of biological processes including the regulation of imprinted genes, X chromosome inactivation. and tumor suppressor gene silencing in cancer cells. Methylation often occurs in cytosine-guanine rich regions of DNA (CpG islands), which are commonly upstream of promoter regions.</p>
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<ul class="accordion" data-accordion="">
<li class="accordion-navigation"><a href="#dnamethyl"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> Learn more</a>
<div id="dnamethyl" class="content">5-methylcytosine (5-mC) has been known for a long time as the only modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, Kriaucionis discovered a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). The so-called 6th base, is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Early reports suggested that 5-hmC may represent an intermediate of active demethylation in a new pathway which demethylates DNA, converting 5-mC to cytosine. Recent evidence fuel this hypothesis suggesting that further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group leads to a formyl or carboxyl group followed by either deformylation or decarboxylation. The formyl and carboxyl groups of 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC) could be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/kits_dna/dna_methylation_variants.jpg" /></p>
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<br />
<h2>Main DNA methylation technologies</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Overview of the <span style="font-weight: 400;">three main approaches for studying DNA methylation.</span></p>
<div class="row">
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Chemical modification with bisulfite – Bisulfite conversion</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Enrichment of methylated DNA (including MeDIP and MBD)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Treatment with methylation-sensitive or dependent restriction enzymes</span></li>
</ol>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> </span></p>
<div class="row">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>Description</th>
<th width="350">Features</th>
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<td><strong>Bisulfite conversion</strong></td>
<td><span style="font-weight: 400;">Chemical conversion of unmethylated cytosine to uracil. Methylated cytosines are protected from this conversion allowing to determine DNA methylation at single nucleotide resolution.</span></td>
<td>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Single nucleotide resolution</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Quantitative analysis - methylation rate (%)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Gold standard and well studied</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Compatible with automation</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Methylated DNA enrichment</b></td>
<td><span style="font-weight: 400;">(Hydroxy-)Methylated DNA is enriched by using specific antibodies (hMeDIP or MeDIP) or proteins (MBD) that specifically bind methylated CpG sites in fragmented genomic DNA.</span></td>
<td>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Resolution depends on the fragment size of the enriched methylated DNA (300 bp)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Qualitative analysis</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Compatible with automation</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Restriction enzyme-based digestion</strong></td>
<td><span style="font-weight: 400;">Use of (hydroxy)methylation-sensitive or (hydroxy)methylation-dependent restriction enzymes for DNA methylation analysis at specific sites.</span></td>
<td>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Determination of methylation status is limited by the enzyme recognition site</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Easy to use</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
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<p>Sodium bisulfite conversion of genomic DNA is the most commonly used method for DNA methylation studies providing <strong>single nucleotide resolution</strong>. It enables <span>to differentiate and detect unmethylated versus methylated cytosines. This procedure can then be followed either by <strong>PCR amplification</strong> or <strong>next generation sequencing</strong> to reveal the methylation status of every cytosine in gene specific amplification or whole genome amplification.</span></p>
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<h2>How it works</h2>
<p style="text-align: left;">Treatment of DNA with sodium bisulfite converts unmethylated cytosine to uracil, while methylated cytosines remain unchanged. <span>The DNA is then amplified by PCR where the uracils are converted to thymines. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span></span></p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/bisulfite-conversion/bisulfite-conversion-acgautac.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
<h2>Advantages</h2>
<ul class="nobullet" style="font-size: 19px;">
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i><strong> </strong><strong>Single nucleotide</strong> resolution</li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i><strong> Gene-specific </strong>and <strong>genome-wide</strong><span> analyses</span></li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i><strong> NGS</strong><span> </span>compatible</li>
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<h2>Downstream analysis techniques</h2>
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<li>Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) with our <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/premium-rrbs-kit-V2-x24">Premium RRBS Kit V2</a></li>
<li>Bisulfite conversion with our <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/premium-bisulfite-kit-50-rxns">Premium Bisulfite Kit</a> followed by qPCR, Sanger, Pyrosequencing</li>
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<p><span>Positive and negative spike-in controls are included for the monitoring of bisulfite conversion efficiency. </span></p>
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<p><span>Size selection has been optimized to keep small fragments of interest and to remove adaptor dimers, resulting in a better coverag. </span></p>
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<p><span>The pooling protocol includes a quantification of the samples and a pooling application, available on our website, to help you to choose the groups, depending on the DNA amount and adaptor barcode of each sample. </span></p>
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<p><span>The bisulfite conversion protocol has been improved to decrease DNA degradation while keeping a highly efficient conversion of unmethylated cytosine. </span></p>
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<div class="checkbox"><input type="checkbox" name="data[Quote][epigenomics_service][]" value="Bioinformatics" id="QuoteEpigenomicsServiceBioinformatics" /><label for="QuoteEpigenomicsServiceBioinformatics">Bioinformatics</label></div>
<div class="checkbox"><input type="checkbox" name="data[Quote][epigenomics_service][]" value="Data mining" id="QuoteEpigenomicsServiceDataMining" /><label for="QuoteEpigenomicsServiceDataMining">Data mining</label></div>
<div class="checkbox"><input type="checkbox" name="data[Quote][epigenomics_service][]" value="Human Methylome" id="QuoteEpigenomicsServiceHumanMethylome" /><label for="QuoteEpigenomicsServiceHumanMethylome">Human Methylome</label></div>
</div>
<div class="row collapse">
<div class="small-12 medium-12 large-3 columns">
<span class="prefix">Sample species</span>
</div>
<div class="small-12 medium-12 large-9 columns">
<input name="data[Quote][sample_species]" maxlength="510" type="text" id="QuoteSampleSpecies"/> </div>
</div>
<div class="row collapse">
<div class="small-12 medium-12 large-6 columns">
<span class="prefix">Total number of samples (including replicates)</span>
</div>
<div class="small-12 medium-12 large-6 columns">
<input name="data[Quote][number_samples]" maxlength="255" type="text" id="QuoteNumberSamples"/> </div>
</div>
<div class="row collapse">
<h2>Contact Information</h2>
<div class="small-3 large-2 columns">
<span class="prefix">First name <sup style="font-size:16px;color:red;">*</sup></span>
</div>
<div class="small-9 large-10 columns">
<input name="data[Quote][first_name]" placeholder="john" maxlength="255" type="text" id="QuoteFirstName" required="required"/> </div>
</div>
<div class="row collapse">
<div class="small-3 large-2 columns">
<span class="prefix">Last name <sup style="font-size:16px;color:red;">*</sup></span>
</div>
<div class="small-9 large-10 columns">
<input name="data[Quote][last_name]" placeholder="doe" maxlength="255" type="text" id="QuoteLastName" required="required"/> </div>
</div>
<div class="row collapse">
<div class="small-3 large-2 columns">
<span class="prefix">Company <sup style="font-size:16px;color:red;">*</sup></span>
</div>
<div class="small-9 large-10 columns">
<input name="data[Quote][company]" placeholder="Organisation / Institute" maxlength="255" type="text" id="QuoteCompany" required="required"/> </div>
</div>
<div class="row collapse">
<div class="small-3 large-2 columns">
<span class="prefix">Phone number</span>
</div>
<div class="small-9 large-10 columns">
<input name="data[Quote][phone_number]" placeholder="+1 862 209-4680" maxlength="255" type="text" id="QuotePhoneNumber"/> </div>
</div>
<div class="row collapse">
<div class="small-3 large-2 columns">
<span class="prefix">City</span>
</div>
<div class="small-9 large-10 columns">
<input name="data[Quote][city]" placeholder="Denville" maxlength="255" type="text" id="QuoteCity"/> </div>
</div>
<div class="row collapse">
<div class="small-3 large-2 columns">
<span class="prefix">Country <sup style="font-size:16px;color:red;">*</sup></span>
</div>
<div class="small-9 large-10 columns">
<select name="data[Quote][country]" required="required" class="triggers" id="country_selector_quote-2836">
<option value="">-- select a country --</option>
<option value="AF">Afghanistan</option>
<option value="AX">Åland Islands</option>
<option value="AL">Albania</option>
<option value="DZ">Algeria</option>
<option value="AS">American Samoa</option>
<option value="AD">Andorra</option>
<option value="AO">Angola</option>
<option value="AI">Anguilla</option>
<option value="AQ">Antarctica</option>
<option value="AG">Antigua and Barbuda</option>
<option value="AR">Argentina</option>
<option value="AM">Armenia</option>
<option value="AW">Aruba</option>
<option value="AU">Australia</option>
<option value="AT">Austria</option>
<option value="AZ">Azerbaijan</option>
<option value="BS">Bahamas</option>
<option value="BH">Bahrain</option>
<option value="BD">Bangladesh</option>
<option value="BB">Barbados</option>
<option value="BY">Belarus</option>
<option value="BE">Belgium</option>
<option value="BZ">Belize</option>
<option value="BJ">Benin</option>
<option value="BM">Bermuda</option>
<option value="BT">Bhutan</option>
<option value="BO">Bolivia</option>
<option value="BQ">Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba</option>
<option value="BA">Bosnia and Herzegovina</option>
<option value="BW">Botswana</option>
<option value="BV">Bouvet Island</option>
<option value="BR">Brazil</option>
<option value="IO">British Indian Ocean Territory</option>
<option value="BN">Brunei Darussalam</option>
<option value="BG">Bulgaria</option>
<option value="BF">Burkina Faso</option>
<option value="BI">Burundi</option>
<option value="KH">Cambodia</option>
<option value="CM">Cameroon</option>
<option value="CA">Canada</option>
<option value="CV">Cape Verde</option>
<option value="KY">Cayman Islands</option>
<option value="CF">Central African Republic</option>
<option value="TD">Chad</option>
<option value="CL">Chile</option>
<option value="CN">China</option>
<option value="CX">Christmas Island</option>
<option value="CC">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</option>
<option value="CO">Colombia</option>
<option value="KM">Comoros</option>
<option value="CG">Congo</option>
<option value="CD">Congo, The Democratic Republic of the</option>
<option value="CK">Cook Islands</option>
<option value="CR">Costa Rica</option>
<option value="CI">Côte d'Ivoire</option>
<option value="HR">Croatia</option>
<option value="CU">Cuba</option>
<option value="CW">Curaçao</option>
<option value="CY">Cyprus</option>
<option value="CZ">Czech Republic</option>
<option value="DK">Denmark</option>
<option value="DJ">Djibouti</option>
<option value="DM">Dominica</option>
<option value="DO">Dominican Republic</option>
<option value="EC">Ecuador</option>
<option value="EG">Egypt</option>
<option value="SV">El Salvador</option>
<option value="GQ">Equatorial Guinea</option>
<option value="ER">Eritrea</option>
<option value="EE">Estonia</option>
<option value="ET">Ethiopia</option>
<option value="FK">Falkland Islands (Malvinas)</option>
<option value="FO">Faroe Islands</option>
<option value="FJ">Fiji</option>
<option value="FI">Finland</option>
<option value="FR">France</option>
<option value="GF">French Guiana</option>
<option value="PF">French Polynesia</option>
<option value="TF">French Southern Territories</option>
<option value="GA">Gabon</option>
<option value="GM">Gambia</option>
<option value="GE">Georgia</option>
<option value="DE">Germany</option>
<option value="GH">Ghana</option>
<option value="GI">Gibraltar</option>
<option value="GR">Greece</option>
<option value="GL">Greenland</option>
<option value="GD">Grenada</option>
<option value="GP">Guadeloupe</option>
<option value="GU">Guam</option>
<option value="GT">Guatemala</option>
<option value="GG">Guernsey</option>
<option value="GN">Guinea</option>
<option value="GW">Guinea-Bissau</option>
<option value="GY">Guyana</option>
<option value="HT">Haiti</option>
<option value="HM">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</option>
<option value="VA">Holy See (Vatican City State)</option>
<option value="HN">Honduras</option>
<option value="HK">Hong Kong</option>
<option value="HU">Hungary</option>
<option value="IS">Iceland</option>
<option value="IN">India</option>
<option value="ID">Indonesia</option>
<option value="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</option>
<option value="IQ">Iraq</option>
<option value="IE">Ireland</option>
<option value="IM">Isle of Man</option>
<option value="IL">Israel</option>
<option value="IT">Italy</option>
<option value="JM">Jamaica</option>
<option value="JP">Japan</option>
<option value="JE">Jersey</option>
<option value="JO">Jordan</option>
<option value="KZ">Kazakhstan</option>
<option value="KE">Kenya</option>
<option value="KI">Kiribati</option>
<option value="KP">Korea, Democratic People's Republic of</option>
<option value="KR">Korea, Republic of</option>
<option value="KW">Kuwait</option>
<option value="KG">Kyrgyzstan</option>
<option value="LA">Lao People's Democratic Republic</option>
<option value="LV">Latvia</option>
<option value="LB">Lebanon</option>
<option value="LS">Lesotho</option>
<option value="LR">Liberia</option>
<option value="LY">Libya</option>
<option value="LI">Liechtenstein</option>
<option value="LT">Lithuania</option>
<option value="LU">Luxembourg</option>
<option value="MO">Macao</option>
<option value="MK">Macedonia, Republic of</option>
<option value="MG">Madagascar</option>
<option value="MW">Malawi</option>
<option value="MY">Malaysia</option>
<option value="MV">Maldives</option>
<option value="ML">Mali</option>
<option value="MT">Malta</option>
<option value="MH">Marshall Islands</option>
<option value="MQ">Martinique</option>
<option value="MR">Mauritania</option>
<option value="MU">Mauritius</option>
<option value="YT">Mayotte</option>
<option value="MX">Mexico</option>
<option value="FM">Micronesia, Federated States of</option>
<option value="MD">Moldova</option>
<option value="MC">Monaco</option>
<option value="MN">Mongolia</option>
<option value="ME">Montenegro</option>
<option value="MS">Montserrat</option>
<option value="MA">Morocco</option>
<option value="MZ">Mozambique</option>
<option value="MM">Myanmar</option>
<option value="NA">Namibia</option>
<option value="NR">Nauru</option>
<option value="NP">Nepal</option>
<option value="NL">Netherlands</option>
<option value="NC">New Caledonia</option>
<option value="NZ">New Zealand</option>
<option value="NI">Nicaragua</option>
<option value="NE">Niger</option>
<option value="NG">Nigeria</option>
<option value="NU">Niue</option>
<option value="NF">Norfolk Island</option>
<option value="MP">Northern Mariana Islands</option>
<option value="NO">Norway</option>
<option value="OM">Oman</option>
<option value="PK">Pakistan</option>
<option value="PW">Palau</option>
<option value="PS">Palestine, State of</option>
<option value="PA">Panama</option>
<option value="PG">Papua New Guinea</option>
<option value="PY">Paraguay</option>
<option value="PE">Peru</option>
<option value="PH">Philippines</option>
<option value="PN">Pitcairn</option>
<option value="PL">Poland</option>
<option value="PT">Portugal</option>
<option value="PR">Puerto Rico</option>
<option value="QA">Qatar</option>
<option value="RE">Réunion</option>
<option value="RO">Romania</option>
<option value="RU">Russian Federation</option>
<option value="RW">Rwanda</option>
<option value="BL">Saint Barthélemy</option>
<option value="SH">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</option>
<option value="KN">Saint Kitts and Nevis</option>
<option value="LC">Saint Lucia</option>
<option value="MF">Saint Martin (French part)</option>
<option value="PM">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</option>
<option value="VC">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</option>
<option value="WS">Samoa</option>
<option value="SM">San Marino</option>
<option value="ST">Sao Tome and Principe</option>
<option value="SA">Saudi Arabia</option>
<option value="SN">Senegal</option>
<option value="RS">Serbia</option>
<option value="SC">Seychelles</option>
<option value="SL">Sierra Leone</option>
<option value="SG">Singapore</option>
<option value="SX">Sint Maarten (Dutch part)</option>
<option value="SK">Slovakia</option>
<option value="SI">Slovenia</option>
<option value="SB">Solomon Islands</option>
<option value="SO">Somalia</option>
<option value="ZA">South Africa</option>
<option value="GS">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</option>
<option value="ES">Spain</option>
<option value="LK">Sri Lanka</option>
<option value="SD">Sudan</option>
<option value="SR">Suriname</option>
<option value="SS">South Sudan</option>
<option value="SJ">Svalbard and Jan Mayen</option>
<option value="SZ">Swaziland</option>
<option value="SE">Sweden</option>
<option value="CH">Switzerland</option>
<option value="SY">Syrian Arab Republic</option>
<option value="TW">Taiwan</option>
<option value="TJ">Tajikistan</option>
<option value="TZ">Tanzania</option>
<option value="TH">Thailand</option>
<option value="TL">Timor-Leste</option>
<option value="TG">Togo</option>
<option value="TK">Tokelau</option>
<option value="TO">Tonga</option>
<option value="TT">Trinidad and Tobago</option>
<option value="TN">Tunisia</option>
<option value="TR">Turkey</option>
<option value="TM">Turkmenistan</option>
<option value="TC">Turks and Caicos Islands</option>
<option value="TV">Tuvalu</option>
<option value="UG">Uganda</option>
<option value="UA">Ukraine</option>
<option value="AE">United Arab Emirates</option>
<option value="GB">United Kingdom</option>
<option value="US" selected="selected">United States</option>
<option value="UM">United States Minor Outlying Islands</option>
<option value="UY">Uruguay</option>
<option value="UZ">Uzbekistan</option>
<option value="VU">Vanuatu</option>
<option value="VE">Venezuela</option>
<option value="VN">Viet Nam</option>
<option value="VG">Virgin Islands, British</option>
<option value="VI">Virgin Islands, U.S.</option>
<option value="WF">Wallis and Futuna</option>
<option value="EH">Western Sahara</option>
<option value="YE">Yemen</option>
<option value="ZM">Zambia</option>
<option value="ZW">Zimbabwe</option>
</select><script>
$('#country_selector_quote-2836').selectize();
</script><br />
</div>
</div>
<div class="row collapse">
<div class="small-3 large-2 columns">
<span class="prefix">State</span>
</div>
<div class="small-9 large-10 columns">
<input name="data[Quote][state]" id="state-2836" maxlength="3" type="text"/><br />
</div>
</div>
<div class="row collapse">
<div class="small-3 large-2 columns">
<span class="prefix">Email <sup style="font-size:16px;color:red;">*</sup></span>
</div>
<div class="small-9 large-10 columns">
<input name="data[Quote][email]" placeholder="email@address.com" maxlength="255" type="email" id="QuoteEmail" required="required"/> </div>
</div>
<div class="row collapse" id="email_v">
<div class="small-3 large-2 columns">
<span class="prefix">Email verification<sup style="font-size:16px;color:red;">*</sup></span>
</div>
<div class="small-9 large-10 columns">
<input name="data[Quote][email_v]" autocomplete="nope" type="text" id="QuoteEmailV"/> </div>
</div>
<div class="row collapse">
<div class="small-3 large-2 columns">
<span class="prefix">Project</span>
</div>
<div class="small-9 large-10 columns">
<textarea name="data[Quote][comment]" placeholder="Describe your project" cols="30" rows="6" id="QuoteComment"></textarea> </div>
</div>
<!------------SERVICES PARTICULAR FORM START---------------->
<!------------DATA TO POPULATE REGARDING SPECIFIC SERVICES----->
<div class="row collapse">
<div class="small-3 large-2 columns">
</div>
<div class="small-9 large-10 columns">
<div class="recaptcha"><div id="recaptcha6767675212d88"></div></div> </div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="row collapse">
<div class="small-3 large-2 columns">
</div>
<div class="small-9 large-10 columns">
<button id="submit_btn-2836" class="alert button expand" form="Quote-2836" type="submit">Contact me</button> </div>
</div>
</form><script>
var pardotFormHandlerURL = 'https://go.diagenode.com/l/928883/2022-10-10/36b1c';
function postToPardot(formAction, id) {
$('#pardot-form-handler').load(function(){
$('#Quote-' + id).attr('action', formAction);
$('#Quote-' + id).submit();
});
$('#pardot-form-handler').attr('src', pardotFormHandlerURL + '?' + $('#Quote-' + id).serialize());
}
$(document).ready(function() {
$('body').append('<iframe id="pardot-form-handler" height="0" width="0" style="position:absolute; left:-100000px; top:-100000px" src="javascript:false;"></iframe>');
$('#Quote-2836').attr('action','javascript:postToPardot(\'' + $('#Quote-2836').attr('action') + '\', 2836)');
});
$("#Quote-2836 #submit_btn-2836").click(function (e) {
if($(this).closest('form')[0].checkValidity()){
e.preventDefault();
//disable the submit button
$("#Quote-2836 #submit_btn-2836").attr("disabled", true);
$("#Quote-2836 #submit_btn-2836").html("Processing...");
//submit the form
$("#Quote-2836").submit();
}
})
</script>
<script>
if ($("#Quote-2836 #country_selector_quote-2836.selectized").val() == 'US') {
var val = $("#state-2836").val();
$("#Quote-2836 #state-2836").replaceWith('<select name="data[Quote][state]" id="state-2836" required><option disabled selected value> -- select a state -- </option><option value="AL">Alabama (AL)</option><option value="AK">Alaska (AK)</option><option value="AZ">Arizona (AZ)</option><option value="AR">Arkansas (AR)</option><option value="CA">California (CA)</option><option value="CO">Colorado (CO)</option><option value="CT">Connecticut (CT)</option><option value="DE">Delaware (DE)</option><option value="FL">Florida (FL)</option><option value="GA">Georgia (GA)</option><option value="HI">Hawaii (HI)</option><option value="ID">Idaho (ID)</option><option value="IL">Illinois (IL)</option><option value="IN">Indiana (IN)</option><option value="IA">Iowa (IA)</option><option value="KS">Kansas (KS)</option><option value="KY">Kentucky (KY)</option><option value="LA">Louisiana (LA)</option><option value="ME">Maine (ME)</option><option value="MD">Maryland (MD)</option><option value="MA">Massachusetts (MA)</option><option value="MI">Michigan (MI)</option><option value="MN">Minnesota (MN)</option><option value="MS">Mississippi (MS)</option><option value="MO">Missouri (MO)</option><option value="MT">Montana (MT)</option><option value="NE">Nebraska (NE)</option><option value="NV">Nevada (NV)</option><option value="NH">New Hampshire (NH)</option><option value="NJ">New Jersey (NJ)</option><option value="NM">New Mexico (NM)</option><option value="NY">New York (NY)</option><option value="NC">North Carolina (NC)</option><option value="ND">North Dakota (ND)</option><option value="OH">Ohio (OH)</option><option value="OK">Oklahoma (OK)</option><option value="OR">Oregon (OR)</option><option value="PA">Pennsylvania (PA)</option><option value="PR">Puerto Rico (PR)</option><option value="RI">Rhode Island (RI)</option><option value="SC">South Carolina (SC)</option><option value="SD">South Dakota (SD)</option><option value="TN">Tennessee (TN)</option><option value="TX">Texas (TX)</option><option value="UT">Utah (UT)</option><option value="VT">Vermont (VT)</option><option value="VA">Virginia (VA)</option><option value="WA">Washington (WA)</option><option value="WV">West Virginia (WV)</option><option value="WI">Wisconsin (WI)</option><option value="WY">Wyoming (WY)</option><option value="DC">District of Columbia (DC)</option><option value="AS">American Samoa (AS)</option><option value="GU">Guam (GU)</option><option value="MP">Northern Mariana Islands (MP)</option><option value="PR">Puerto Rico (PR)</option><option value="UM">United States Minor Outlying Islands (UM)</option><option value="VI">Virgin Islands (VI)</option></select>');
if (val.length == 2) {
$("#state-2836").val(val);
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$("#state-2836").parent().parent().show();
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var val = $("#state-2836").val();
$("#Quote-2836 #state-2836").replaceWith('<select name="data[Quote][state]" id="state-2836" required><option disabled selected value> -- select a state -- </option><option value="AB">Alberta (AB)</option><option value="BC">British Columbia (BC)</option><option value="MB">Manitoba (MB)</option><option value="NB">New Brunswick (NB)</option><option value="NL">Newfoundland and Labrador (NL)</option><option value="NS">Nova Scotia (NS)</option><option value="ON">Ontario (ON)</option><option value="PE">Prince Edward Island (PE)</option><option value="QC">Quebec (QC)</option><option value="SK">Saskatchewan (SK)</option></select>');
if (val.length == 2) {
$("#state-2836").val(val);
}
$("#state-2836").parent().parent().show();
} else if ($("#Quote-2836 #country_selector_quote-2836.selectized").val() == 'DE') {
var val = $("#state-2836").val();
$("#Quote-2836 #state-2836").replaceWith('<select name="data[Quote][state]" id="state-2836" required><option disabled selected value> -- select a state -- </option><option value="BW">Baden-Württemberg (BW)</option><option value="BY">Bayern (BY)</option><option value="BE">Berlin (BE)</option><option value="BB">Brandeburg (BB)</option><option value="HB">Bremen (HB)</option><option value="HH">Hamburg (HH)</option><option value="HE">Hessen (HE)</option><option value="MV">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (MV)</option><option value="NI">Niedersachsen (NI)</option><option value="NW">Nordrhein-Westfalen (NW)</option><option value="RP">Rheinland-Pfalz (RP)</option><option value="SL">Saarland (SL)</option><option value="SN">Sachsen (SN)</option><option value ="SA">Sachsen-Anhalt (SA)</option><option value="SH">Schleswig-Holstein (SH)</option><option value="TH">Thüringen</option></select>');
if (val.length == 2) {
$("#state-2836").val(val);
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$("#state-2836").parent().parent().show();
} else {
$("#Quote-2836 #state-2836").parent().parent().hide();
$("#Quote-2836 #state-2836").replaceWith('<input name="data[Quote][state]" maxlength="255" type="text" id="state-2836" value="">');
}
$("#Quote-2836 #country_selector_quote-2836.selectized").change(function() {
if (this.value == 'US') {
$("#Quote-2836 #state-2836").replaceWith('<select name="data[Quote][state]" id="state-2836" required><option disabled selected value> -- select a state -- </option><option value="AL">Alabama (AL)</option><option value="AK">Alaska (AK)</option><option value="AZ">Arizona (AZ)</option><option value="AR">Arkansas (AR)</option><option value="CA">California (CA)</option><option value="CO">Colorado (CO)</option><option value="CT">Connecticut (CT)</option><option value="DE">Delaware (DE)</option><option value="FL">Florida (FL)</option><option value="GA">Georgia (GA)</option><option value="HI">Hawaii (HI)</option><option value="ID">Idaho (ID)</option><option value="IL">Illinois (IL)</option><option value="IN">Indiana (IN)</option><option value="IA">Iowa (IA)</option><option value="KS">Kansas (KS)</option><option value="KY">Kentucky (KY)</option><option value="LA">Louisiana (LA)</option><option value="ME">Maine (ME)</option><option value="MD">Maryland (MD)</option><option value="MA">Massachusetts (MA)</option><option value="MI">Michigan (MI)</option><option value="MN">Minnesota (MN)</option><option value="MS">Mississippi (MS)</option><option value="MO">Missouri (MO)</option><option value="MT">Montana (MT)</option><option value="NE">Nebraska (NE)</option><option value="NV">Nevada (NV)</option><option value="NH">New Hampshire (NH)</option><option value="NJ">New Jersey (NJ)</option><option value="NM">New Mexico (NM)</option><option value="NY">New York (NY)</option><option value="NC">North Carolina (NC)</option><option value="ND">North Dakota (ND)</option><option value="OH">Ohio (OH)</option><option value="OK">Oklahoma (OK)</option><option value="OR">Oregon (OR)</option><option value="PA">Pennsylvania (PA)</option><option value="PR">Puerto Rico (PR)</option><option value="RI">Rhode Island (RI)</option><option value="SC">South Carolina (SC)</option><option value="SD">South Dakota (SD)</option><option value="TN">Tennessee (TN)</option><option value="TX">Texas (TX)</option><option value="UT">Utah (UT)</option><option value="VT">Vermont (VT)</option><option value="VA">Virginia (VA)</option><option value="WA">Washington (WA)</option><option value="WV">West Virginia (WV)</option><option value="WI">Wisconsin (WI)</option><option value="WY">Wyoming (WY)</option><option value="DC">District of Columbia (DC)</option><option value="AS">American Samoa (AS)</option><option value="GU">Guam (GU)</option><option value="MP">Northern Mariana Islands (MP)</option><option value="PR">Puerto Rico (PR)</option><option value="UM">United States Minor Outlying Islands (UM)</option><option value="VI">Virgin Islands (VI)</option></select>');
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<p><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> </span><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/dna-methylation-profiling-services">See our other DNA Methylation Profiling Services</a></p>',
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<h2>Complete end-to-end service</h2>
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<li><span><span class="ui-provider ee cfi bsv cfj cfk cfl cfm cfn cfo cfp cfq cfr cfs cft cfu cfv cfw cfx cfy cfz cga cgb cgc cgd cge cgf cgg cgh cgi cgj cgk cgl cgm cgn cgo" dir="ltr">From DNA QC to sequencing raw data</span></span></li>
<li>Leveraging our <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/premium-rrbs-kit-V2-x24">Premium RRBS kit V2</a> widely adopted</li>
<li>As little as 25 ng for any vertebrate species</li>
<li>Differentially methylated site analysis <span>using <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/bioinformatics-service">bioinformatics tools</a></span></li>
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<div class="extra-spaced">
<h2></h2>
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<p><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> </span><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/dna-methylation-profiling-services">See our other DNA Methylation Profiling Services</a></p>',
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<td style="width: 264px;"><strong>QC of the genomic DNA</strong></td>
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<li>Assessment of DNA quality</li>
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<li>Size selection</li>
<li>Sample pooling</li>
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<li>40 million raw reads (on average) per sample when pooling 10 samples/lane</li>
<li>7 million CpGs (on average) for human samples</li>
<li>7-11x CpG coverage (on average) for human samples</li>
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<h4><strong>Analysis</strong></h4>
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<h4><strong>Features</strong></h4>
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<td style="width: 262px;"><strong>Standard</strong></td>
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<li>FASTQ raw data</li>
<li>FASTQC quality control insights</li>
<li>Alignment of bisulfite sequencing data against reference genome</li>
<li>Methylation calling and extraction</li>
<li>Summary statistics</li>
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<td style="width: 262px;"><strong>Differential methylation analysis<br /></strong></td>
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<li>Methylation level analysis</li>
<li>Differentially Methylated CpGs (DMCs) analysis</li>
<li>Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs) analysis</li>
<li>Annotation of DMCs and DMRs for genomic regions (exons, introns, …)</li>
<li>Clustering analysis</li>
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<p><strong>Gene ontology terms analysis</strong></p>
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<li>Enrichment analysis on gene associated with DMCs and DMRs</li>
<li>Get functional insights</li>
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<p><strong>Pathway analysis</strong></p>
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<td style="width: 624px;">
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<li>Identification of biological pathways in which genes associated with DMCs and DMRs may be over-represented (or under-represented)</li>
<li>Get mechanistic insights</li>
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<div style="text-align: justify;" class="large-12 columns">Bisulfite modification of DNA is the most commonly used, "<strong>gold standard</strong>" method for DNA methylation studies providing <strong>single nucleotide resolution</strong>. T<span style="font-weight: 400;">his technology is based on the chemical conversion of unmethylated cytosine to uracil. Methylated cytosines are protected from this conversion allowing to determine DNA methylation at the singe nucleotide level.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;" class="large-12 columns"></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;" class="large-12 columns">Various analyses can be performed on the altered sequence to retrieve this information: bisulfite sequencing, pyrosequencing, methylation-specific PCR, high resolution melting curve analysis, microarray-based approaches, and next-generation sequencing.
<h3>How it works</h3>
Treatment of DNA with bisulfite converts cytosine residues to uracil, but leaves 5-methylcytosine residues unaffected (see Figure 1).
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/applications/bisulfite.png" /><br />Figure 1: Overview of bisulfite conversion of DNA</p>
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<h2>Complete solutions for DNA methylation studies</h2>
<p>Whether you are experienced or new to the field of DNA methylation, Diagenode has everything you need to make your assay as easy and convenient as possible while ensuring consistent data between samples and experiments. Diagenode offers sonication instruments, reagent kits, high quality antibodies, and high-throughput automation capability to address all of your specific DNA methylation analysis requirements.</p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-4 large-4 columns text-center"><a href="../landing-pages/dna-methylation-grant-applications"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/banners/banner-dna-grant.png" alt="" /></a></div>
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<p>DNA methylation was the first discovered epigenetic mark and is the most widely studied topic in epigenetics. <em>In vivo</em>, DNA is methylated following DNA replication and is involved in a number of biological processes including the regulation of imprinted genes, X chromosome inactivation. and tumor suppressor gene silencing in cancer cells. Methylation often occurs in cytosine-guanine rich regions of DNA (CpG islands), which are commonly upstream of promoter regions.</p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-12 large-12 columns"><br /><br />
<ul class="accordion" data-accordion="">
<li class="accordion-navigation"><a href="#dnamethyl"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> Learn more</a>
<div id="dnamethyl" class="content">5-methylcytosine (5-mC) has been known for a long time as the only modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, Kriaucionis discovered a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). The so-called 6th base, is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Early reports suggested that 5-hmC may represent an intermediate of active demethylation in a new pathway which demethylates DNA, converting 5-mC to cytosine. Recent evidence fuel this hypothesis suggesting that further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group leads to a formyl or carboxyl group followed by either deformylation or decarboxylation. The formyl and carboxyl groups of 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC) could be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/kits_dna/dna_methylation_variants.jpg" /></p>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<h2>Main DNA methylation technologies</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Overview of the <span style="font-weight: 400;">three main approaches for studying DNA methylation.</span></p>
<div class="row">
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Chemical modification with bisulfite – Bisulfite conversion</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Enrichment of methylated DNA (including MeDIP and MBD)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Treatment with methylation-sensitive or dependent restriction enzymes</span></li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> </span></p>
<div class="row">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>Description</th>
<th width="350">Features</th>
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</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Bisulfite conversion</strong></td>
<td><span style="font-weight: 400;">Chemical conversion of unmethylated cytosine to uracil. Methylated cytosines are protected from this conversion allowing to determine DNA methylation at single nucleotide resolution.</span></td>
<td>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Single nucleotide resolution</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Quantitative analysis - methylation rate (%)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Gold standard and well studied</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Compatible with automation</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Methylated DNA enrichment</b></td>
<td><span style="font-weight: 400;">(Hydroxy-)Methylated DNA is enriched by using specific antibodies (hMeDIP or MeDIP) or proteins (MBD) that specifically bind methylated CpG sites in fragmented genomic DNA.</span></td>
<td>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Resolution depends on the fragment size of the enriched methylated DNA (300 bp)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Qualitative analysis</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Compatible with automation</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Restriction enzyme-based digestion</strong></td>
<td><span style="font-weight: 400;">Use of (hydroxy)methylation-sensitive or (hydroxy)methylation-dependent restriction enzymes for DNA methylation analysis at specific sites.</span></td>
<td>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Determination of methylation status is limited by the enzyme recognition site</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Easy to use</span></li>
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<p>Sodium bisulfite conversion of genomic DNA is the most commonly used method for DNA methylation studies providing <strong>single nucleotide resolution</strong>. It enables <span>to differentiate and detect unmethylated versus methylated cytosines. This procedure can then be followed either by <strong>PCR amplification</strong> or <strong>next generation sequencing</strong> to reveal the methylation status of every cytosine in gene specific amplification or whole genome amplification.</span></p>
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<h2>How it works</h2>
<p style="text-align: left;">Treatment of DNA with sodium bisulfite converts unmethylated cytosine to uracil, while methylated cytosines remain unchanged. <span>The DNA is then amplified by PCR where the uracils are converted to thymines. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span></span></p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/bisulfite-conversion/bisulfite-conversion-acgautac.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
<h2>Advantages</h2>
<ul class="nobullet" style="font-size: 19px;">
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i><strong> </strong><strong>Single nucleotide</strong> resolution</li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i><strong> Gene-specific </strong>and <strong>genome-wide</strong><span> analyses</span></li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i><strong> NGS</strong><span> </span>compatible</li>
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<h2>Downstream analysis techniques</h2>
<ul class="square">
<li>Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) with our <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/premium-rrbs-kit-V2-x24">Premium RRBS Kit V2</a></li>
<li>Bisulfite conversion with our <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/premium-bisulfite-kit-50-rxns">Premium Bisulfite Kit</a> followed by qPCR, Sanger, Pyrosequencing</li>
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<p><span>Positive and negative spike-in controls are included for the monitoring of bisulfite conversion efficiency. </span></p>
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<li>
<p><span>Size selection has been optimized to keep small fragments of interest and to remove adaptor dimers, resulting in a better coverag. </span></p>
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<p><span>The pooling protocol includes a quantification of the samples and a pooling application, available on our website, to help you to choose the groups, depending on the DNA amount and adaptor barcode of each sample. </span></p>
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<p><span>The bisulfite conversion protocol has been improved to decrease DNA degradation while keeping a highly efficient conversion of unmethylated cytosine. </span></p>
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<div class="row">
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<a href="/en/p/rrbs-service"><img src="/img/grey-logo.jpg" alt="default alt" class="th"/></a> </div>
<div class="small-12 columns">
<div class="small-6 columns" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;margin-top:-6px;margin-left:-1px">
<span class="success label" style="">G02020000</span>
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<div class="small-6 columns text-right" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;margin-top:-6px">
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 medium-12 large-12 columns">
<h3>Get a quote</h3><p class="lead">You are about to request a quote for <strong>our epigenomics services</strong>. Fill out the form below and we will be in touch with you very soon.</p><p><small>All <span style="font-size:16px;color:red;">*</span> fields are mandatory</small></p>
</div>
</div>
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<h2>Service Information</h2>
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<div class="small-12 large-12 columns">
<h4>Which services are you interested in?</h4>
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<div class="small-12 large-12 columns">
<input type="hidden" name="data[Quote][epigenomics_service]" value="" id="QuoteEpigenomicsService"/>
<div class="checkbox"><input type="checkbox" name="data[Quote][epigenomics_service][]" value="ChIP-seq" id="QuoteEpigenomicsServiceChIPSeq" /><label for="QuoteEpigenomicsServiceChIPSeq">ChIP-seq</label></div>
<div class="checkbox"><input type="checkbox" name="data[Quote][epigenomics_service][]" value="ATAC-seq" id="QuoteEpigenomicsServiceATACSeq" /><label for="QuoteEpigenomicsServiceATACSeq">ATAC-seq</label></div>
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<div class="checkbox"><input type="checkbox" name="data[Quote][epigenomics_service][]" value="WGBS" id="QuoteEpigenomicsServiceWGBS" /><label for="QuoteEpigenomicsServiceWGBS">WGBS</label></div>
<div class="checkbox"><input type="checkbox" name="data[Quote][epigenomics_service][]" value="MeDIP-seq" id="QuoteEpigenomicsServiceMeDIPSeq" /><label for="QuoteEpigenomicsServiceMeDIPSeq">MeDIP-seq</label></div>
<div class="checkbox"><input type="checkbox" name="data[Quote][epigenomics_service][]" value="Targeted DNA methylation analysis" id="QuoteEpigenomicsServiceTargetedDNAMethylationAnalysis" /><label for="QuoteEpigenomicsServiceTargetedDNAMethylationAnalysis">Targeted DNA methylation analysis</label></div>
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<div class="checkbox"><input type="checkbox" name="data[Quote][epigenomics_service][]" value="Infinium Mouse Methylation Array" id="QuoteEpigenomicsServiceInfiniumMouseMethylationArray" /><label for="QuoteEpigenomicsServiceInfiniumMouseMethylationArray">Infinium Mouse Methylation Array</label></div>
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<span class="prefix">Sample species</span>
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<div class="small-12 medium-12 large-9 columns">
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<span class="prefix">Total number of samples (including replicates)</span>
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<input name="data[Quote][number_samples]" maxlength="255" type="text" id="QuoteNumberSamples"/> </div>
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<h2>Contact Information</h2>
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<span class="prefix">First name <sup style="font-size:16px;color:red;">*</sup></span>
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<span class="prefix">Company <sup style="font-size:16px;color:red;">*</sup></span>
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<span class="prefix">Phone number</span>
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<p><strong>Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) </strong> <span>enables </span><span>genome-s</span><span>cale </span>DNA methylation<span> analysis</span> at the single nucleotide level <span>in any vertebrate species. </span><span>The assay benefits from the practical advantages of bisulfite sequencing while avoiding the cost of</span> whole genome sequencing. By cutting the genome using the restriction MspI enzyme (CCGG target sites) followed by size selection, DNA is enriched to represent<span> biologically relevant target</span> CpG-rich regions including <span>promoters and </span>CpG islands.<span> Our RRBS service makes this technology widely available and provides high coverage (up to 7 million CpGs</span><span> detected </span><span>in human samples).</span></p>
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<h2></h2>
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<p><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> </span><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/dna-methylation-profiling-services">See our other DNA Methylation Profiling Services</a></p>',
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<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing provides a powerful method to efficiently analyze DNA methylation at the </span><strong>single nucleotide level</strong><span> without the higher costs associated with whole genome bisulfite sequencing. By cutting the genome using the restriction MspI enzyme (CCGG target sites) followed by size selection, DNA is enriched to represent CpG-rich regions (including CpG islands), in which DNA methylation marks are typically found. Thus, RRBS provides a </span><strong>cost-effective</strong><span> method for analyzing DNA methylation by reducing the part of the genome that actually needs to be sequenced and focusing on relevant CpG islands.</span></p>',
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<p><strong>Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) </strong> <span>enables </span><span>genome-s</span><span>cale </span>DNA methylation<span> analysis</span> at the single nucleotide level <span>in any vertebrate species. </span><span>The assay benefits from the practical advantages of bisulfite sequencing while avoiding the cost of</span> whole genome sequencing. By cutting the genome using the restriction MspI enzyme (CCGG target sites) followed by size selection, DNA is enriched to represent<span> biologically relevant target</span> CpG-rich regions including <span>promoters and </span>CpG islands.<span> Our RRBS service makes this technology widely available and provides high coverage (up to 7 million CpGs</span><span> detected </span><span>in human samples).</span></p>
<h2>Genome-scale DNA methylation analysis</h2>
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<li>Detection of methylation patterns in CpG rich regions including promoters and CpG islands</li>
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<h2>Complete end-to-end service</h2>
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<li><span><span class="ui-provider ee cfi bsv cfj cfk cfl cfm cfn cfo cfp cfq cfr cfs cft cfu cfv cfw cfx cfy cfz cga cgb cgc cgd cge cgf cgg cgh cgi cgj cgk cgl cgm cgn cgo" dir="ltr">From DNA QC to sequencing raw data</span></span></li>
<li>Leveraging our <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/premium-rrbs-kit-V2-x24">Premium RRBS kit V2</a> widely adopted</li>
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<p><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> </span><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/dna-methylation-profiling-services">See our other DNA Methylation Profiling Services</a></p>',
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<li>40 million raw reads (on average) per sample when pooling 10 samples/lane</li>
<li>7 million CpGs (on average) for human samples</li>
<li>7-11x CpG coverage (on average) for human samples</li>
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<div style="text-align: justify;" class="large-12 columns">Bisulfite modification of DNA is the most commonly used, "<strong>gold standard</strong>" method for DNA methylation studies providing <strong>single nucleotide resolution</strong>. T<span style="font-weight: 400;">his technology is based on the chemical conversion of unmethylated cytosine to uracil. Methylated cytosines are protected from this conversion allowing to determine DNA methylation at the singe nucleotide level.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;" class="large-12 columns"></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;" class="large-12 columns">Various analyses can be performed on the altered sequence to retrieve this information: bisulfite sequencing, pyrosequencing, methylation-specific PCR, high resolution melting curve analysis, microarray-based approaches, and next-generation sequencing.
<h3>How it works</h3>
Treatment of DNA with bisulfite converts cytosine residues to uracil, but leaves 5-methylcytosine residues unaffected (see Figure 1).
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/applications/bisulfite.png" /><br />Figure 1: Overview of bisulfite conversion of DNA</p>
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<div style="text-align: justify;" class="small-12 medium-8 large-8 columns">
<h2>Complete solutions for DNA methylation studies</h2>
<p>Whether you are experienced or new to the field of DNA methylation, Diagenode has everything you need to make your assay as easy and convenient as possible while ensuring consistent data between samples and experiments. Diagenode offers sonication instruments, reagent kits, high quality antibodies, and high-throughput automation capability to address all of your specific DNA methylation analysis requirements.</p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-4 large-4 columns text-center"><a href="../landing-pages/dna-methylation-grant-applications"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/banners/banner-dna-grant.png" alt="" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;" class="small-12 medium-12 large-12 columns">
<p>DNA methylation was the first discovered epigenetic mark and is the most widely studied topic in epigenetics. <em>In vivo</em>, DNA is methylated following DNA replication and is involved in a number of biological processes including the regulation of imprinted genes, X chromosome inactivation. and tumor suppressor gene silencing in cancer cells. Methylation often occurs in cytosine-guanine rich regions of DNA (CpG islands), which are commonly upstream of promoter regions.</p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-12 large-12 columns"><br /><br />
<ul class="accordion" data-accordion="">
<li class="accordion-navigation"><a href="#dnamethyl"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> Learn more</a>
<div id="dnamethyl" class="content">5-methylcytosine (5-mC) has been known for a long time as the only modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, Kriaucionis discovered a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). The so-called 6th base, is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Early reports suggested that 5-hmC may represent an intermediate of active demethylation in a new pathway which demethylates DNA, converting 5-mC to cytosine. Recent evidence fuel this hypothesis suggesting that further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group leads to a formyl or carboxyl group followed by either deformylation or decarboxylation. The formyl and carboxyl groups of 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC) could be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/kits_dna/dna_methylation_variants.jpg" /></p>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<h2>Main DNA methylation technologies</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Overview of the <span style="font-weight: 400;">three main approaches for studying DNA methylation.</span></p>
<div class="row">
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Chemical modification with bisulfite – Bisulfite conversion</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Enrichment of methylated DNA (including MeDIP and MBD)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Treatment with methylation-sensitive or dependent restriction enzymes</span></li>
</ol>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> </span></p>
<div class="row">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>Description</th>
<th width="350">Features</th>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Bisulfite conversion</strong></td>
<td><span style="font-weight: 400;">Chemical conversion of unmethylated cytosine to uracil. Methylated cytosines are protected from this conversion allowing to determine DNA methylation at single nucleotide resolution.</span></td>
<td>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Single nucleotide resolution</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Quantitative analysis - methylation rate (%)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Gold standard and well studied</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Compatible with automation</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Methylated DNA enrichment</b></td>
<td><span style="font-weight: 400;">(Hydroxy-)Methylated DNA is enriched by using specific antibodies (hMeDIP or MeDIP) or proteins (MBD) that specifically bind methylated CpG sites in fragmented genomic DNA.</span></td>
<td>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Resolution depends on the fragment size of the enriched methylated DNA (300 bp)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Qualitative analysis</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Compatible with automation</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Restriction enzyme-based digestion</strong></td>
<td><span style="font-weight: 400;">Use of (hydroxy)methylation-sensitive or (hydroxy)methylation-dependent restriction enzymes for DNA methylation analysis at specific sites.</span></td>
<td>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Determination of methylation status is limited by the enzyme recognition site</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Easy to use</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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<div class="row"></div>
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<p>Sodium bisulfite conversion of genomic DNA is the most commonly used method for DNA methylation studies providing <strong>single nucleotide resolution</strong>. It enables <span>to differentiate and detect unmethylated versus methylated cytosines. This procedure can then be followed either by <strong>PCR amplification</strong> or <strong>next generation sequencing</strong> to reveal the methylation status of every cytosine in gene specific amplification or whole genome amplification.</span></p>
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<h2>How it works</h2>
<p style="text-align: left;">Treatment of DNA with sodium bisulfite converts unmethylated cytosine to uracil, while methylated cytosines remain unchanged. <span>The DNA is then amplified by PCR where the uracils are converted to thymines. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span></span></p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/bisulfite-conversion/bisulfite-conversion-acgautac.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
<h2>Advantages</h2>
<ul class="nobullet" style="font-size: 19px;">
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i><strong> </strong><strong>Single nucleotide</strong> resolution</li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i><strong> Gene-specific </strong>and <strong>genome-wide</strong><span> analyses</span></li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i><strong> NGS</strong><span> </span>compatible</li>
</ul>
<h2>Downstream analysis techniques</h2>
<ul class="square">
<li>Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) with our <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/premium-rrbs-kit-V2-x24">Premium RRBS Kit V2</a></li>
<li>Bisulfite conversion with our <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/premium-bisulfite-kit-50-rxns">Premium Bisulfite Kit</a> followed by qPCR, Sanger, Pyrosequencing</li>
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<p><span>Diagenode’s Premium RRBS technology </span></p>
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<li>
<p><span>Positive and negative spike-in controls are included for the monitoring of bisulfite conversion efficiency. </span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span>Size selection has been optimized to keep small fragments of interest and to remove adaptor dimers, resulting in a better coverag. </span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span>The pooling protocol includes a quantification of the samples and a pooling application, available on our website, to help you to choose the groups, depending on the DNA amount and adaptor barcode of each sample. </span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span>The bisulfite conversion protocol has been improved to decrease DNA degradation while keeping a highly efficient conversion of unmethylated cytosine. </span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span>The minimum number of amplification cycles needed for each pool is determined to avoid amplification biases. Our MethylTaq Plus enzyme was developed to amplify bisulfite converted DNA with high efficiency, and reduces the number of PCR cycles required. </span></p>
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'description' => '<p>Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) enables genome-scale DNA methylation analysis in any vertebrate species. The assay benefits from the practical advantages of bisulfite sequencing while avoiding the cost of whole-genome sequencing. The Diagenode Premium RRBS kit makes this technology widely available and provides high coverage (up to 4 million CpGs in human samples). Multiplexing prior to bisulfite conversion allows processing of 96 samples per experiment, enabling studies of large cohorts.</p>',
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<h6 style="height:60px">RRBS Service (Reduced Representation Bisulfite ...</h6>
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<p><strong>Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) </strong> <span>enables </span><span>genome-s</span><span>cale </span>DNA methylation<span> analysis</span> at the single nucleotide level <span>in any vertebrate species. </span><span>The assay benefits from the practical advantages of bisulfite sequencing while avoiding the cost of</span> whole genome sequencing. By cutting the genome using the restriction MspI enzyme (CCGG target sites) followed by size selection, DNA is enriched to represent<span> biologically relevant target</span> CpG-rich regions including <span>promoters and </span>CpG islands.<span> Our RRBS service makes this technology widely available and provides high coverage (up to 7 million CpGs</span><span> detected </span><span>in human samples).</span></p>
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<h2></h2>
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<p><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> </span><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/dna-methylation-profiling-services">See our other DNA Methylation Profiling Services</a></p>',
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'name' => 'Bisulfite conversion reagent for RRBS Datasheet',
'description' => '<p>This reagent is compatible with the Premium RRBS Kit and provides reagents for additional bisulfite conversion reactions.</p>',
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'type' => 'Datasheet',
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'name' => 'Diagenode® Premium RRBS technology: cost-effective DNA methylation mapping with superior coverage',
'authors' => 'Anne-Clémence Veillard, Paul Datlinger, Miklos Laczik, Sharon Squazzo & Christoph Bock',
'description' => '<p>Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) enables genome-scale DNA methylation analysis in any vertebrate species. The assay benefits from the practical advantages of bisulfite sequencing while avoiding the cost of whole-genome sequencing. The Diagenode Premium RRBS kit makes this technology widely available and provides high coverage (up to 4 million CpGs in human samples). Multiplexing prior to bisulfite conversion allows processing of 96 samples per experiment, enabling studies of large cohorts.</p>',
'date' => '2016-01-28',
'pmid' => 'http://www.nature.com/nmeth/journal/v13/n2/full/nmeth.f.391.html',
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View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
ProductsController::slug() - APP/Controller/ProductsController.php, line 1052
ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ??
Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 491
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 193
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 118
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