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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2 </strong><br />ChIP assays were performed using HeLa cells, the monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the Auto Histone ChIP-seq kit (Cat. No. C01010022) on the IP-Star automated system, using sheared chromatin from 1 million cells. Respectively 1 and 5 μg of antibody was used per ChIP experiment. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the promoters of the GAPDH and EIF4A2 genes, used as negative controls, and for the Sat2 and SatA satellite repeats, used as positive controls. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2 </strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K20. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 2 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal directed antibody against H4K20me2 </strong><br />Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labeled with the H4K20me2 antibody (middle) diluted 1:1.000 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2 </strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K20. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 2 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal directed antibody against H4K20me2 </strong><br />Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labeled with the H4K20me2 antibody (middle) diluted 1:1.000 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
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'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
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<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
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<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2 </strong><br />ChIP assays were performed using HeLa cells, the monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the Auto Histone ChIP-seq kit (Cat. No. C01010022) on the IP-Star automated system, using sheared chromatin from 1 million cells. Respectively 1 and 5 μg of antibody was used per ChIP experiment. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the promoters of the GAPDH and EIF4A2 genes, used as negative controls, and for the Sat2 and SatA satellite repeats, used as positive controls. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2 </strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K20. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 2 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal directed antibody against H4K20me2 </strong><br />Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labeled with the H4K20me2 antibody (middle) diluted 1:1.000 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labeled with the H4K20me2 antibody (middle) diluted 1:1.000 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2 </strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K20. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 2 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal directed antibody against H4K20me2 </strong><br />Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labeled with the H4K20me2 antibody (middle) diluted 1:1.000 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal directed antibody against H4K20me2 </strong><br />Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labeled with the H4K20me2 antibody (middle) diluted 1:1.000 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
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<p>Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive antibodies validated in IF.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200229-IF.jpg" alt="" height="245" width="256" /></p>
<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
<h5><sup>Check our selection of antibodies validated in IF.</sup></h5>',
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'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
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<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
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<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
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<p>Our aim at Diagenode is to offer the largest collection of highly specific <strong>ChIP-grade antibodies</strong>. We add new antibodies monthly. Find your ChIP-grade antibody in the list below and check more information about tested applications, extensive validation data, and product information.</p>',
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<p>Diagenode has partnered with leading epigenetics experts and numerous epigenetics consortiums to bring to you a validated and comprehensive collection of epigenetic antibodies. As an expert in epigenetics, we are committed to offering highly-specific antibodies validated for ChIP/ChIP-seq and many other applications. All batch-specific validation data is available on our website.<br /><a href="../categories/antibodies">Read about our expertise in antibody production</a>.</p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2 </strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K20. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 2 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal directed antibody against H4K20me2 </strong><br />Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labeled with the H4K20me2 antibody (middle) diluted 1:1.000 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2 </strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K20. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 2 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200220-wb.png" alt="H4K20me2 Antibody validated in Western Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="184" height="197" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal directed antibody against H4K20me2 </strong><br />Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
</div>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200220-if.jpg" alt="H4K20me2 Antibody validated in Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labeled with the H4K20me2 antibody (middle) diluted 1:1.000 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200220-chip.png" alt="H4K20me2 Antibody ChIP Grade" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2 </strong><br />ChIP assays were performed using HeLa cells, the monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the Auto Histone ChIP-seq kit (Cat. No. C01010022) on the IP-Star automated system, using sheared chromatin from 1 million cells. Respectively 1 and 5 μg of antibody was used per ChIP experiment. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the promoters of the GAPDH and EIF4A2 genes, used as negative controls, and for the Sat2 and SatA satellite repeats, used as positive controls. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200220-dotblot.png" alt="H4K20me2 Antibody validated in Dot Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="190" height="232" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2 </strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K20. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 2 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200220-wb.png" alt="H4K20me2 Antibody validated in Western Blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="184" height="197" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal directed antibody against H4K20me2 </strong><br />Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200220-if.jpg" alt="H4K20me2 Antibody validated in Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labeled with the H4K20me2 antibody (middle) diluted 1:1.000 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
<p><em></em>Check our selection of antibodies validated in Western blot.</p>',
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<p>Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive antibodies validated in IF.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200229-IF.jpg" alt="" height="245" width="256" /></p>
<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
<h5><sup>Check our selection of antibodies validated in IF.</sup></h5>',
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'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
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<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
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<div class="small-12 columns"><center></center>
<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-6 large-6 columns"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410003-fig1-ChIP.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="315" /> </div>
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<p>Our aim at Diagenode is to offer the largest collection of highly specific <strong>ChIP-grade antibodies</strong>. We add new antibodies monthly. Find your ChIP-grade antibody in the list below and check more information about tested applications, extensive validation data, and product information.</p>',
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'description' => '<h1><strong>Validated epigenetics antibodies</strong> – care for a sample?<br /> </h1>
<p>Diagenode has partnered with leading epigenetics experts and numerous epigenetics consortiums to bring to you a validated and comprehensive collection of epigenetic antibodies. As an expert in epigenetics, we are committed to offering highly-specific antibodies validated for ChIP/ChIP-seq and many other applications. All batch-specific validation data is available on our website.<br /><a href="../categories/antibodies">Read about our expertise in antibody production</a>.</p>
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<li><strong>Focused</strong> - Diagenode's selection of antibodies is exclusively dedicated for epigenetic research. <a title="See the full collection." href="../categories/all-antibodies">See the full collection.</a></li>
<li><strong>Strict quality standards</strong> with rigorous QC and validation</li>
<li><strong>Classified</strong> based on level of validation for flexibility of application</li>
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<p>Existing sample sizes are listed below. We will soon expand our collection. Are you looking for a sample size of another antibody? Just <a href="mailto:agnieszka.zelisko@diagenode.com?Subject=Sample%20Size%20Request" target="_top">Contact us</a>.</p>',
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2 </strong><br />ChIP assays were performed using HeLa cells, the monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the Auto Histone ChIP-seq kit (Cat. No. C01010022) on the IP-Star automated system, using sheared chromatin from 1 million cells. Respectively 1 and 5 μg of antibody was used per ChIP experiment. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the promoters of the GAPDH and EIF4A2 genes, used as negative controls, and for the Sat2 and SatA satellite repeats, used as positive controls. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2 </strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K20. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 2 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal directed antibody against H4K20me2 </strong><br />Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labeled with the H4K20me2 antibody (middle) diluted 1:1.000 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2 </strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K20. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 2 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal directed antibody against H4K20me2 </strong><br />Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labeled with the H4K20me2 antibody (middle) diluted 1:1.000 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
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<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
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<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
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<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2 </strong><br />ChIP assays were performed using HeLa cells, the monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the Auto Histone ChIP-seq kit (Cat. No. C01010022) on the IP-Star automated system, using sheared chromatin from 1 million cells. Respectively 1 and 5 μg of antibody was used per ChIP experiment. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the promoters of the GAPDH and EIF4A2 genes, used as negative controls, and for the Sat2 and SatA satellite repeats, used as positive controls. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2 </strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K20. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 2 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal directed antibody against H4K20me2 </strong><br />Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labeled with the H4K20me2 antibody (middle) diluted 1:1.000 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2 </strong><br />ChIP assays were performed using HeLa cells, the monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and optimized PCR primer sets for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the Auto Histone ChIP-seq kit (Cat. No. C01010022) on the IP-Star automated system, using sheared chromatin from 1 million cells. Respectively 1 and 5 μg of antibody was used per ChIP experiment. IgG (1 μg/IP) was used as negative IP control. QPCR was performed with primers for the promoters of the GAPDH and EIF4A2 genes, used as negative controls, and for the Sat2 and SatA satellite repeats, used as positive controls. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2 </strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H4K20. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:20,000. Figure 2 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal directed antibody against H4K20me2 </strong><br />Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200220-if.jpg" alt="H4K20me2 Antibody validated in Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H4K20me2</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H4K20me2 (Cat. No. C15200220) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labeled with the H4K20me2 antibody (middle) diluted 1:1.000 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right. </small></p>
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