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<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chip.png" /></center></div>
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<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong></p>
<p>ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and optimized PCR primer pairs for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “Auto Histone ChIP-seq” kit (Cat. No. C01010022), using sheared chromatin from 1 million cells on the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration consisting of 1, 2, 5 and 10 μg of antibody per ChIP experiment was analyzed. IgG (2 μg/IP) was used as a negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed with primers specific for the promoter of the constitutively expressed GAPDH and c-fos genes, used as positive controls, and for exon 2 of the inactive myoglobin (MB) gene and the Sat2 satellite repeat, used as negative controls. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that trimethylation of K4 at histone H3 is associated with the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p>A.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-A.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody ChIP-seq Grade" /></p>
<p>B.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-B.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody for ChIP-seq" /></p>
<p>C.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-C.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody for ChIP-seq assay" /></p>
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<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 1 million HeLaS3 cells using 2 μg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) as described above. The IP’d DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along two 5 Mb regions of chromosome 3 and 5 (figure 2A and B, respectively) and in two 100 kb regions surrounding the GAPDH and c-fos positive control genes (figure 2C and D). These results clearly show an enrichment of the H3K4 trimethylation at the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 3. Cut&Tag results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> CUT&TAG (Kaya-Okur, H.S., Nat Commun 10, 1930, 2019) was performed on 50,000 K562 cells using 1 µg of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152) and the Diagenode pA-Tn5 transposase (C01070001). The libraries were subsequently analysed on an Illumina NextSeq 500 sequencer (2x75 paired-end reads) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The tags were aligned to the human genome (hg19) using the BWA algorithm. Figure 3 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb zoomin of chromosome 1 (figure 3A and B, respectively).</p>
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<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_ELISA.png" /></center></div>
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<p><strong>Figure 4. Cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> To test the specificity an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152). The wells were coated with peptides containing the unmodified H3K4 as well as the mono-, di- and trimethylated H3K4 and the trimethylated H3K9. Figure 4 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<div class="small-4 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_WB.png" /></center></div>
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<p><strong>Figure 5. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 6. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K4me3 antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</p>
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<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chip.png" /></center></div>
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<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong></p>
<p>ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and optimized PCR primer pairs for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “Auto Histone ChIP-seq” kit (Cat. No. C01010022), using sheared chromatin from 1 million cells on the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration consisting of 1, 2, 5 and 10 μg of antibody per ChIP experiment was analyzed. IgG (2 μg/IP) was used as a negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed with primers specific for the promoter of the constitutively expressed GAPDH and c-fos genes, used as positive controls, and for exon 2 of the inactive myoglobin (MB) gene and the Sat2 satellite repeat, used as negative controls. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that trimethylation of K4 at histone H3 is associated with the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p>A.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-A.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody ChIP-seq Grade" /></p>
<p>B.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-B.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody for ChIP-seq" /></p>
<p>C.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-C.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody for ChIP-seq assay" /></p>
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<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 1 million HeLaS3 cells using 2 μg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) as described above. The IP’d DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along two 5 Mb regions of chromosome 3 and 5 (figure 2A and B, respectively) and in two 100 kb regions surrounding the GAPDH and c-fos positive control genes (figure 2C and D). These results clearly show an enrichment of the H3K4 trimethylation at the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 3. Cut&Tag results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> CUT&TAG (Kaya-Okur, H.S., Nat Commun 10, 1930, 2019) was performed on 50,000 K562 cells using 1 µg of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152) and the Diagenode pA-Tn5 transposase (C01070001). The libraries were subsequently analysed on an Illumina NextSeq 500 sequencer (2x75 paired-end reads) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The tags were aligned to the human genome (hg19) using the BWA algorithm. Figure 3 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb zoomin of chromosome 1 (figure 3A and B, respectively).</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 4. Cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> To test the specificity an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152). The wells were coated with peptides containing the unmodified H3K4 as well as the mono-, di- and trimethylated H3K4 and the trimethylated H3K9. Figure 4 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 5. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 6. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K4me3 antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</p>
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'type' => 'Monoclonal<br /><strong>ChIP-grade<br /> ChIP-seq grade</strong>',
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'application_table' => '<table>
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<th>Applications</th>
<th>Suggested dilution</th>
<th>References</th>
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<td>ChIP/ChIP-seq <sup>*</sup></td>
<td>2 μg/ChIP</td>
<td>Fig 1,2</td>
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<tr>
<td>CUT&TAG</td>
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<td>Fig 3</td>
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<td>Fig 6</td>
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<p><small><sup>*</sup> Please note that the optimal antibody amount per IP should be determined by the end-user. We recommend testing 1-5 μg per IP.</small></p>',
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'name' => 'H3K4me3 Antibody',
'description' => '<p><span>Monoclonal antibody raised in mouse against histone <strong>H3, trimethylated at lysine 4</strong> (<strong>H3K4me3</strong>), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
'label1' => 'Validation Data',
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<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chip.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong></p>
<p>ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and optimized PCR primer pairs for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “Auto Histone ChIP-seq” kit (Cat. No. C01010022), using sheared chromatin from 1 million cells on the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration consisting of 1, 2, 5 and 10 μg of antibody per ChIP experiment was analyzed. IgG (2 μg/IP) was used as a negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed with primers specific for the promoter of the constitutively expressed GAPDH and c-fos genes, used as positive controls, and for exon 2 of the inactive myoglobin (MB) gene and the Sat2 satellite repeat, used as negative controls. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that trimethylation of K4 at histone H3 is associated with the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p>A.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-A.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody ChIP-seq Grade" /></p>
<p>B.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-B.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody for ChIP-seq" /></p>
<p>C.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-C.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody for ChIP-seq assay" /></p>
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<p>D.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-D.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody validated in ChIP-seq " /></p>
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<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 1 million HeLaS3 cells using 2 μg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) as described above. The IP’d DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along two 5 Mb regions of chromosome 3 and 5 (figure 2A and B, respectively) and in two 100 kb regions surrounding the GAPDH and c-fos positive control genes (figure 2C and D). These results clearly show an enrichment of the H3K4 trimethylation at the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center>
<p>A.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152-cuttag-a.png" /></p>
<p>B.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152-cuttag-b.png" /></p>
</center></div>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 3. Cut&Tag results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> CUT&TAG (Kaya-Okur, H.S., Nat Commun 10, 1930, 2019) was performed on 50,000 K562 cells using 1 µg of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152) and the Diagenode pA-Tn5 transposase (C01070001). The libraries were subsequently analysed on an Illumina NextSeq 500 sequencer (2x75 paired-end reads) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The tags were aligned to the human genome (hg19) using the BWA algorithm. Figure 3 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb zoomin of chromosome 1 (figure 3A and B, respectively).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_ELISA.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 4. Cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> To test the specificity an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152). The wells were coated with peptides containing the unmodified H3K4 as well as the mono-, di- and trimethylated H3K4 and the trimethylated H3K9. Figure 4 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<div class="small-4 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_WB.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 5. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_IF.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 6. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K4me3 antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</p>
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<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
<p><em></em>Check our selection of antibodies validated in Western blot.</p>',
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<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
<h5><sup>Check our selection of antibodies validated in IF.</sup></h5>',
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<p>Read more:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/cutandtag">Products for CUT&Tag assay</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/pages/cut-and-tag">Performance of Diagenode's antibodies in CUT&Tag</a></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode provides leading solutions for epigenetic research. Because ChIP-seq is a widely-used technique, we validate our antibodies in ChIP and ChIP-seq experiments (in addition to conventional methods like Western blot, Dot blot, ELISA, and immunofluorescence) to provide the highest quality antibody. We standardize our validation and production to guarantee high product quality without technical bias. Diagenode guarantees ChIP-seq grade antibody performance under our suggested conditions.</span></p>
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<p><strong>ChIP-seq profile</strong> of active (H3K4me3 and H3K36me3) and inactive (H3K27me3) marks using Diagenode antibodies.</p>
<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/chip-seq-grade-antibodies.png" /></div>
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<p><small> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 100,000 K562 cells using iDeal ChIP-seq kit for Histones (cat. No. C01010051) with 1 µg of the Diagenode antibodies against H3K27me3 (cat. No. C15410195) and H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15410003), and 0.5 µg of the antibody against H3K36me3 (cat. No. C15410192). The IP'd DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. The figure shows the signal distribution along the complete sequence of human chromosome 3, a zoomin to a 10 Mb region and a further zoomin to a 1.5 Mb region. </small></p>
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<p>Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">All Diagenode’s antibodies are listed below. Please, use our Quick search field to find the antibody of interest by target name, application, purity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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'description' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center></center>
<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 medium-6 large-6 columns"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410003-fig1-ChIP.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="315" /> </div>
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<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
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<p>Our aim at Diagenode is to offer the largest collection of highly specific <strong>ChIP-grade antibodies</strong>. We add new antibodies monthly. Find your ChIP-grade antibody in the list below and check more information about tested applications, extensive validation data, and product information.</p>',
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'authors' => 'Madsen-Østerbye J. et al.',
'description' => '<p>BACKGROUND: Interactions of chromatin with the nuclear lamina via lamina-associated domains (LADs) confer structural stability to the genome. The dynamics of positioning of LADs during differentiation, and how LADs impinge on developmental gene expression, remains, however, elusive. RESULTS: We examined changes in the association of lamin B1 with the genome in the first 72 h of differentiation of adipose stem cells into adipocytes. We demonstrate a repositioning of entire stand-alone LADs and of LAD edges as a prominent nuclear structural feature of early adipogenesis. Whereas adipogenic genes are released from LADs, LADs sequester downregulated or repressed genes irrelevant for the adipose lineage. However, LAD repositioning only partly concurs with gene expression changes. Differentially expressed genes in LADs, including LADs conserved throughout differentiation, reside in local euchromatic and lamin-depleted sub-domains. In these sub-domains, pre-differentiation histone modification profiles correlate with the LAD versus inter-LAD outcome of these genes during adipogenic commitment. Lastly, we link differentially expressed genes in LADs to short-range enhancers which overall co-partition with these genes in LADs versus inter-LADs during differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that LADs are predictable structural features of adipose nuclear architecture that restrain non-adipogenic genes in a repressive environment.</p>',
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'description' => '<p>The development of TCRαβ and TCRγδ T cells comprises a step-wise process in which regulatory events control differentiation and lineage outcome. To clarify these mechanisms, we employed RNA-sequencing, ATAC-sequencing and ChIPmentation on well-defined thymocyte subsets that represent the continuum of human T cell development. The chromatin accessibility dynamics show clear stage specificity and reveal that human T cell-lineage commitment is marked by GATA3- and BCL11B-dependent closing of PU.1 sites. A temporary increase in H3K27me3 without open chromatin modifications is unique for β-selection, whereas emerging γδ T cells, which originate from common precursors of β-selected cells, show large chromatin accessibility changes due to strong T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Furthermore, we unravel distinct chromatin landscapes between CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> αβ-lineage cells that support their effector functions and reveal gene-specific mechanisms that define mature T cells. This resource provides a framework for studying gene regulatory mechanisms that drive normal and malignant human T cell development.</p>',
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'name' => 'High resolution methylation analysis of the HoxA5 regulatory region in different somatic tissues of laboratory mouse during development',
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'name' => 'Detection of Protein-Protein Interactions and Posttranslational Modifications Using the Proximity Ligation Assay: Application to the Study of the SUMO Pathway.',
'authors' => 'Ristic M. et al.',
'description' => '<p>The detection of protein-protein interactions by imaging techniques often requires the overexpression of the proteins of interest tagged with fluorescent molecules, which can affect their biological properties and, subsequently, flaw experiment interpretations. The recent development of the proximity ligation assays (PLA) technology allows easy visualization of endogenous protein-protein interactions at the single molecule level. PLA relies on the use of combinations of antibodies coupled to complementary oligonucleotides that are amplified and revealed with a fluorescent probe, each spot representing a single protein-protein interaction. Another application of this technique is the detection of proteins posttranslational modifications to monitor their localization and dynamics in situ. Here, we describe the use of PLA to detect protein SUMOylation, a posttranslational modification related to ubiquitination, as well as interaction of SUMOylated substrates with other proteins, using both adherent and suspension cells.</p>',
'date' => '2016-09-10',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27613043',
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'name' => 'Methylation of the Sox9 and Oct4 promoters and its correlation with gene expression during testicular development in the laboratory mouse',
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'description' => '<p>Sox9 and Oct4 are two important regulatory factors involved in mammalian development. Sox9, a member of the group E Sox transcription factor family, has a crucial role in the development of the genitourinary system, while Oct4, commonly known as octamer binding transcription factor 4, belongs to class V of the transcription family. The expression of these two proteins exhibits a dynamic pattern with regard to their expression sites and levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of de novo methylation in the regulation of the tissue- and site-specific expression of these proteins. The dynamics of the de novo methylation of 15 CpGs and six CpGs in Sox9 and Oct4 respectively, was studied with sodium bisulfite genomic DNA sequencing in mouse testis at different developmental stages. Consistent methylation of three CpGs was observed in adult ovary in which the expression of Sox9 was feeble, while the level of methylation in somatic tissue was greater in Oct4 compared to germinal tissue. The promoter-chromatin status of Sox9 was also studied with a chromatin immune-precipitation assay.</p>',
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View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
ProductsController::slug() - APP/Controller/ProductsController.php, line 1052
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'description' => '<p><span>Monoclonal antibody raised in mouse against histone <strong>H3, trimethylated at lysine 4</strong> (<strong>H3K4me3</strong>), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chip.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong></p>
<p>ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and optimized PCR primer pairs for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “Auto Histone ChIP-seq” kit (Cat. No. C01010022), using sheared chromatin from 1 million cells on the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration consisting of 1, 2, 5 and 10 μg of antibody per ChIP experiment was analyzed. IgG (2 μg/IP) was used as a negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed with primers specific for the promoter of the constitutively expressed GAPDH and c-fos genes, used as positive controls, and for exon 2 of the inactive myoglobin (MB) gene and the Sat2 satellite repeat, used as negative controls. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that trimethylation of K4 at histone H3 is associated with the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p>A.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-A.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody ChIP-seq Grade" /></p>
<p>B.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-B.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody for ChIP-seq" /></p>
<p>C.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-C.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody for ChIP-seq assay" /></p>
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<p>D.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-D.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody validated in ChIP-seq " /></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 1 million HeLaS3 cells using 2 μg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) as described above. The IP’d DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along two 5 Mb regions of chromosome 3 and 5 (figure 2A and B, respectively) and in two 100 kb regions surrounding the GAPDH and c-fos positive control genes (figure 2C and D). These results clearly show an enrichment of the H3K4 trimethylation at the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center>
<p>A.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152-cuttag-a.png" /></p>
<p>B.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152-cuttag-b.png" /></p>
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<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 3. Cut&Tag results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> CUT&TAG (Kaya-Okur, H.S., Nat Commun 10, 1930, 2019) was performed on 50,000 K562 cells using 1 µg of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152) and the Diagenode pA-Tn5 transposase (C01070001). The libraries were subsequently analysed on an Illumina NextSeq 500 sequencer (2x75 paired-end reads) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The tags were aligned to the human genome (hg19) using the BWA algorithm. Figure 3 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb zoomin of chromosome 1 (figure 3A and B, respectively).</p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_ELISA.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 4. Cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> To test the specificity an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152). The wells were coated with peptides containing the unmodified H3K4 as well as the mono-, di- and trimethylated H3K4 and the trimethylated H3K9. Figure 4 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<div class="small-4 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_WB.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 5. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<div class="small-4 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_IF.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 6. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K4me3 antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</p>
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<td>ChIP/ChIP-seq <sup>*</sup></td>
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<td>1:3,000</td>
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<td>1:1,000</td>
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<td>1:500</td>
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<p><small><sup>*</sup> Please note that the optimal antibody amount per IP should be determined by the end-user. We recommend testing 1-5 μg per IP.</small></p>',
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<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chip.png" /></center></div>
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<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong></p>
<p>ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and optimized PCR primer pairs for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “Auto Histone ChIP-seq” kit (Cat. No. C01010022), using sheared chromatin from 1 million cells on the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration consisting of 1, 2, 5 and 10 μg of antibody per ChIP experiment was analyzed. IgG (2 μg/IP) was used as a negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed with primers specific for the promoter of the constitutively expressed GAPDH and c-fos genes, used as positive controls, and for exon 2 of the inactive myoglobin (MB) gene and the Sat2 satellite repeat, used as negative controls. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that trimethylation of K4 at histone H3 is associated with the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p>A.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-A.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody ChIP-seq Grade" /></p>
<p>B.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-B.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody for ChIP-seq" /></p>
<p>C.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-C.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody for ChIP-seq assay" /></p>
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<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 1 million HeLaS3 cells using 2 μg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) as described above. The IP’d DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along two 5 Mb regions of chromosome 3 and 5 (figure 2A and B, respectively) and in two 100 kb regions surrounding the GAPDH and c-fos positive control genes (figure 2C and D). These results clearly show an enrichment of the H3K4 trimethylation at the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 3. Cut&Tag results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> CUT&TAG (Kaya-Okur, H.S., Nat Commun 10, 1930, 2019) was performed on 50,000 K562 cells using 1 µg of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152) and the Diagenode pA-Tn5 transposase (C01070001). The libraries were subsequently analysed on an Illumina NextSeq 500 sequencer (2x75 paired-end reads) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The tags were aligned to the human genome (hg19) using the BWA algorithm. Figure 3 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb zoomin of chromosome 1 (figure 3A and B, respectively).</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 4. Cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> To test the specificity an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152). The wells were coated with peptides containing the unmodified H3K4 as well as the mono-, di- and trimethylated H3K4 and the trimethylated H3K9. Figure 4 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 5. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 6. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K4me3 antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</p>
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'description' => 'Histones are the main constituents of the protein part of chromosomes of eukaryotic cells. They are rich in the amino acids arginine and lysine and have been greatly conserved during evolution. Histones pack the DNA into tight masses of chromatin. Two core histones of each class H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assemble and are wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA to form one octameric nucleosome. Histone tails undergo numerous post-translational modifications, which either directly or indirectly alter chromatin structure to facilitate transcriptional activation or repression or other nuclear processes. In addition to the genetic code, combinations of the different histone modifications reveal the so-called “histone code”. Histone methylation and demethylation is dynamically regulated by respectively histone methyl transferases and histone demethylases.',
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<td>ChIP/ChIP-seq <sup>*</sup></td>
<td>2 μg/ChIP</td>
<td>Fig 1,2</td>
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<td>CUT&TAG</td>
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<td>1:3,000</td>
<td>Fig 4</td>
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<td>Western Blotting</td>
<td>1:1,000</td>
<td>Fig 5</td>
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<p><small><sup>*</sup> Please note that the optimal antibody amount per IP should be determined by the end-user. We recommend testing 1-5 μg per IP.</small></p>',
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<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chip.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong></p>
<p>ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and optimized PCR primer pairs for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “Auto Histone ChIP-seq” kit (Cat. No. C01010022), using sheared chromatin from 1 million cells on the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration consisting of 1, 2, 5 and 10 μg of antibody per ChIP experiment was analyzed. IgG (2 μg/IP) was used as a negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed with primers specific for the promoter of the constitutively expressed GAPDH and c-fos genes, used as positive controls, and for exon 2 of the inactive myoglobin (MB) gene and the Sat2 satellite repeat, used as negative controls. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that trimethylation of K4 at histone H3 is associated with the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center>
<p>A.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-A.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody ChIP-seq Grade" /></p>
<p>B.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-B.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody for ChIP-seq" /></p>
<p>C.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-C.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody for ChIP-seq assay" /></p>
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<p>D.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-D.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody validated in ChIP-seq " /></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 1 million HeLaS3 cells using 2 μg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) as described above. The IP’d DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along two 5 Mb regions of chromosome 3 and 5 (figure 2A and B, respectively) and in two 100 kb regions surrounding the GAPDH and c-fos positive control genes (figure 2C and D). These results clearly show an enrichment of the H3K4 trimethylation at the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p>A.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152-cuttag-a.png" /></p>
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<p><strong>Figure 3. Cut&Tag results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> CUT&TAG (Kaya-Okur, H.S., Nat Commun 10, 1930, 2019) was performed on 50,000 K562 cells using 1 µg of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152) and the Diagenode pA-Tn5 transposase (C01070001). The libraries were subsequently analysed on an Illumina NextSeq 500 sequencer (2x75 paired-end reads) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The tags were aligned to the human genome (hg19) using the BWA algorithm. Figure 3 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb zoomin of chromosome 1 (figure 3A and B, respectively).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_ELISA.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 4. Cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> To test the specificity an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152). The wells were coated with peptides containing the unmodified H3K4 as well as the mono-, di- and trimethylated H3K4 and the trimethylated H3K9. Figure 4 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 5. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 6. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K4me3 antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</p>
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<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
<p><em></em>Check our selection of antibodies validated in Western blot.</p>',
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<p>Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive antibodies validated in IF.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200229-IF.jpg" alt="" height="245" width="256" /></p>
<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
<h5><sup>Check our selection of antibodies validated in IF.</sup></h5>',
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<p>Read more:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/cutandtag">Products for CUT&Tag assay</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/pages/cut-and-tag">Performance of Diagenode's antibodies in CUT&Tag</a></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode provides leading solutions for epigenetic research. Because ChIP-seq is a widely-used technique, we validate our antibodies in ChIP and ChIP-seq experiments (in addition to conventional methods like Western blot, Dot blot, ELISA, and immunofluorescence) to provide the highest quality antibody. We standardize our validation and production to guarantee high product quality without technical bias. Diagenode guarantees ChIP-seq grade antibody performance under our suggested conditions.</span></p>
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<p><strong>ChIP-seq profile</strong> of active (H3K4me3 and H3K36me3) and inactive (H3K27me3) marks using Diagenode antibodies.</p>
<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/chip-seq-grade-antibodies.png" /></div>
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<p><small> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 100,000 K562 cells using iDeal ChIP-seq kit for Histones (cat. No. C01010051) with 1 µg of the Diagenode antibodies against H3K27me3 (cat. No. C15410195) and H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15410003), and 0.5 µg of the antibody against H3K36me3 (cat. No. C15410192). The IP'd DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. The figure shows the signal distribution along the complete sequence of human chromosome 3, a zoomin to a 10 Mb region and a further zoomin to a 1.5 Mb region. </small></p>
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<p>Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</p>
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<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
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'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
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<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
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<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
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<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-6 large-6 columns"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410003-fig1-ChIP.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="315" /> </div>
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<p>Our aim at Diagenode is to offer the largest collection of highly specific <strong>ChIP-grade antibodies</strong>. We add new antibodies monthly. Find your ChIP-grade antibody in the list below and check more information about tested applications, extensive validation data, and product information.</p>',
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'description' => '<p>BACKGROUND: Interactions of chromatin with the nuclear lamina via lamina-associated domains (LADs) confer structural stability to the genome. The dynamics of positioning of LADs during differentiation, and how LADs impinge on developmental gene expression, remains, however, elusive. RESULTS: We examined changes in the association of lamin B1 with the genome in the first 72 h of differentiation of adipose stem cells into adipocytes. We demonstrate a repositioning of entire stand-alone LADs and of LAD edges as a prominent nuclear structural feature of early adipogenesis. Whereas adipogenic genes are released from LADs, LADs sequester downregulated or repressed genes irrelevant for the adipose lineage. However, LAD repositioning only partly concurs with gene expression changes. Differentially expressed genes in LADs, including LADs conserved throughout differentiation, reside in local euchromatic and lamin-depleted sub-domains. In these sub-domains, pre-differentiation histone modification profiles correlate with the LAD versus inter-LAD outcome of these genes during adipogenic commitment. Lastly, we link differentially expressed genes in LADs to short-range enhancers which overall co-partition with these genes in LADs versus inter-LADs during differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that LADs are predictable structural features of adipose nuclear architecture that restrain non-adipogenic genes in a repressive environment.</p>',
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'description' => '<p>Glucocorticoids (GCs) are effective anti-inflammatory drugs; yet, their mechanisms of action are poorly understood. GCs bind to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a ligand-gated transcription factor controlling gene expression in numerous cell types. Here, we characterize GR's protein interactome and find the SETD1A (SET domain containing 1A)/COMPASS (complex of proteins associated with Set1) histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complex highly enriched in activated mouse macrophages. We show that SETD1A/COMPASS is recruited by GR to specific cis-regulatory elements, coinciding with H3K4 methylation dynamics at subsets of sites, upon treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and GCs. By chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA-seq, we identify subsets of GR target loci that display SETD1A occupancy, H3K4 mono-, di-, or tri-methylation patterns, and transcriptional changes. However, our data on methylation status and COMPASS recruitment suggest that SETD1A has additional transcriptional functions. Setd1a loss-of-function studies reveal that SETD1A/COMPASS is required for GR-controlled transcription of subsets of macrophage target genes. We demonstrate that the SETD1A/COMPASS complex cooperates with GR to mediate anti-inflammatory effects.</p>',
'date' => '2021-02-01',
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'name' => 'Distinct and temporary-restricted epigenetic mechanisms regulate human αβ and γδ T cell development ',
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'description' => '<p>The development of TCRαβ and TCRγδ T cells comprises a step-wise process in which regulatory events control differentiation and lineage outcome. To clarify these mechanisms, we employed RNA-sequencing, ATAC-sequencing and ChIPmentation on well-defined thymocyte subsets that represent the continuum of human T cell development. The chromatin accessibility dynamics show clear stage specificity and reveal that human T cell-lineage commitment is marked by GATA3- and BCL11B-dependent closing of PU.1 sites. A temporary increase in H3K27me3 without open chromatin modifications is unique for β-selection, whereas emerging γδ T cells, which originate from common precursors of β-selected cells, show large chromatin accessibility changes due to strong T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Furthermore, we unravel distinct chromatin landscapes between CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> αβ-lineage cells that support their effector functions and reveal gene-specific mechanisms that define mature T cells. This resource provides a framework for studying gene regulatory mechanisms that drive normal and malignant human T cell development.</p>',
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'description' => '<p>The detection of protein-protein interactions by imaging techniques often requires the overexpression of the proteins of interest tagged with fluorescent molecules, which can affect their biological properties and, subsequently, flaw experiment interpretations. The recent development of the proximity ligation assays (PLA) technology allows easy visualization of endogenous protein-protein interactions at the single molecule level. PLA relies on the use of combinations of antibodies coupled to complementary oligonucleotides that are amplified and revealed with a fluorescent probe, each spot representing a single protein-protein interaction. Another application of this technique is the detection of proteins posttranslational modifications to monitor their localization and dynamics in situ. Here, we describe the use of PLA to detect protein SUMOylation, a posttranslational modification related to ubiquitination, as well as interaction of SUMOylated substrates with other proteins, using both adherent and suspension cells.</p>',
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'description' => 'Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation influence the coding and regulatory potential of mRNAs and where transcription termination occurs. Although widespread, few regulators of this process are known. The Arabidopsis thaliana protein FPA is a rare example of a trans-acting regulator of poly(A) site choice. Analysing fpa mutants therefore provides an opportunity to reveal generic consequences of disrupting this process. We used direct RNA sequencing to quantify shifts in RNA 3' formation in fpa mutants. Here we show that specific chimeric RNAs formed between the exons of otherwise separate genes are a striking consequence of loss of FPA function. We define intergenic read-through transcripts resulting from defective RNA 3' end formation in fpa mutants and detail cryptic splicing and antisense transcription associated with these read-through RNAs. We identify alternative polyadenylation within introns that is sensitive to FPA and show FPA-dependent shifts in IBM1 poly(A) site selection that differ from those recently defined in mutants defective in intragenic heterochromatin and DNA methylation. Finally, we show that defective termination at specific loci in fpa mutants is shared with dicer-like 1 (dcl1) or dcl4 mutants, leading us to develop alternative explanations for some silencing roles of these proteins. We relate our findings to the impact that altered patterns of 3' end formation can have on gene and genome organisation.',
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<p>Read more:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/cutandtag">Products for CUT&Tag assay</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/pages/cut-and-tag">Performance of Diagenode's antibodies in CUT&Tag</a></p>
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'description' => 'Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation influence the coding and regulatory potential of mRNAs and where transcription termination occurs. Although widespread, few regulators of this process are known. The Arabidopsis thaliana protein FPA is a rare example of a trans-acting regulator of poly(A) site choice. Analysing fpa mutants therefore provides an opportunity to reveal generic consequences of disrupting this process. We used direct RNA sequencing to quantify shifts in RNA 3' formation in fpa mutants. Here we show that specific chimeric RNAs formed between the exons of otherwise separate genes are a striking consequence of loss of FPA function. We define intergenic read-through transcripts resulting from defective RNA 3' end formation in fpa mutants and detail cryptic splicing and antisense transcription associated with these read-through RNAs. We identify alternative polyadenylation within introns that is sensitive to FPA and show FPA-dependent shifts in IBM1 poly(A) site selection that differ from those recently defined in mutants defective in intragenic heterochromatin and DNA methylation. Finally, we show that defective termination at specific loci in fpa mutants is shared with dicer-like 1 (dcl1) or dcl4 mutants, leading us to develop alternative explanations for some silencing roles of these proteins. We relate our findings to the impact that altered patterns of 3' end formation can have on gene and genome organisation.',
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View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
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<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chip.png" /></center></div>
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<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong></p>
<p>ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and optimized PCR primer pairs for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “Auto Histone ChIP-seq” kit (Cat. No. C01010022), using sheared chromatin from 1 million cells on the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration consisting of 1, 2, 5 and 10 μg of antibody per ChIP experiment was analyzed. IgG (2 μg/IP) was used as a negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed with primers specific for the promoter of the constitutively expressed GAPDH and c-fos genes, used as positive controls, and for exon 2 of the inactive myoglobin (MB) gene and the Sat2 satellite repeat, used as negative controls. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that trimethylation of K4 at histone H3 is associated with the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p>C.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-C.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody for ChIP-seq assay" /></p>
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<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 1 million HeLaS3 cells using 2 μg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) as described above. The IP’d DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along two 5 Mb regions of chromosome 3 and 5 (figure 2A and B, respectively) and in two 100 kb regions surrounding the GAPDH and c-fos positive control genes (figure 2C and D). These results clearly show an enrichment of the H3K4 trimethylation at the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p>A.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152-cuttag-a.png" /></p>
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<p><strong>Figure 3. Cut&Tag results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> CUT&TAG (Kaya-Okur, H.S., Nat Commun 10, 1930, 2019) was performed on 50,000 K562 cells using 1 µg of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152) and the Diagenode pA-Tn5 transposase (C01070001). The libraries were subsequently analysed on an Illumina NextSeq 500 sequencer (2x75 paired-end reads) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The tags were aligned to the human genome (hg19) using the BWA algorithm. Figure 3 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb zoomin of chromosome 1 (figure 3A and B, respectively).</p>
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<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_ELISA.png" /></center></div>
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<p><strong>Figure 4. Cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> To test the specificity an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152). The wells were coated with peptides containing the unmodified H3K4 as well as the mono-, di- and trimethylated H3K4 and the trimethylated H3K9. Figure 4 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 5. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 6. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K4me3 antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong></p>
<p>ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and optimized PCR primer pairs for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “Auto Histone ChIP-seq” kit (Cat. No. C01010022), using sheared chromatin from 1 million cells on the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration consisting of 1, 2, 5 and 10 μg of antibody per ChIP experiment was analyzed. IgG (2 μg/IP) was used as a negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed with primers specific for the promoter of the constitutively expressed GAPDH and c-fos genes, used as positive controls, and for exon 2 of the inactive myoglobin (MB) gene and the Sat2 satellite repeat, used as negative controls. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that trimethylation of K4 at histone H3 is associated with the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 1 million HeLaS3 cells using 2 μg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) as described above. The IP’d DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along two 5 Mb regions of chromosome 3 and 5 (figure 2A and B, respectively) and in two 100 kb regions surrounding the GAPDH and c-fos positive control genes (figure 2C and D). These results clearly show an enrichment of the H3K4 trimethylation at the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 3. Cut&Tag results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> CUT&TAG (Kaya-Okur, H.S., Nat Commun 10, 1930, 2019) was performed on 50,000 K562 cells using 1 µg of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152) and the Diagenode pA-Tn5 transposase (C01070001). The libraries were subsequently analysed on an Illumina NextSeq 500 sequencer (2x75 paired-end reads) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The tags were aligned to the human genome (hg19) using the BWA algorithm. Figure 3 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb zoomin of chromosome 1 (figure 3A and B, respectively).</p>
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<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_ELISA.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 4. Cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> To test the specificity an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152). The wells were coated with peptides containing the unmodified H3K4 as well as the mono-, di- and trimethylated H3K4 and the trimethylated H3K9. Figure 4 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<div class="small-4 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_WB.png" /></center></div>
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<p><strong>Figure 5. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<div class="small-4 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_IF.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 6. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K4me3 antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</p>
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'description' => 'Histones are the main constituents of the protein part of chromosomes of eukaryotic cells. They are rich in the amino acids arginine and lysine and have been greatly conserved during evolution. Histones pack the DNA into tight masses of chromatin. Two core histones of each class H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assemble and are wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA to form one octameric nucleosome. Histone tails undergo numerous post-translational modifications, which either directly or indirectly alter chromatin structure to facilitate transcriptional activation or repression or other nuclear processes. In addition to the genetic code, combinations of the different histone modifications reveal the so-called “histone code”. Histone methylation and demethylation is dynamically regulated by respectively histone methyl transferases and histone demethylases.',
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'reactivity' => 'Human, mouse, Nematodes, Arabidopsis',
'type' => 'Monoclonal<br /><strong>ChIP-grade<br /> ChIP-seq grade</strong>',
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<thead>
<tr>
<th>Applications</th>
<th>Suggested dilution</th>
<th>References</th>
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<tr>
<td>ChIP/ChIP-seq <sup>*</sup></td>
<td>2 μg/ChIP</td>
<td>Fig 1,2</td>
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<tr>
<td>CUT&TAG</td>
<td>1 μg</td>
<td>Fig 3</td>
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<tr>
<td>ELISA</td>
<td>1:3,000</td>
<td>Fig 4</td>
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<tr>
<td>Western Blotting</td>
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<td>Fig 5</td>
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<td>Immunofluorescence</td>
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<td>Fig 6</td>
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<p><small><sup>*</sup> Please note that the optimal antibody amount per IP should be determined by the end-user. We recommend testing 1-5 μg per IP.</small></p>',
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'description' => '<p><span>Monoclonal antibody raised in mouse against histone <strong>H3, trimethylated at lysine 4</strong> (<strong>H3K4me3</strong>), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
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<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chip.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong></p>
<p>ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and optimized PCR primer pairs for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “Auto Histone ChIP-seq” kit (Cat. No. C01010022), using sheared chromatin from 1 million cells on the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration consisting of 1, 2, 5 and 10 μg of antibody per ChIP experiment was analyzed. IgG (2 μg/IP) was used as a negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed with primers specific for the promoter of the constitutively expressed GAPDH and c-fos genes, used as positive controls, and for exon 2 of the inactive myoglobin (MB) gene and the Sat2 satellite repeat, used as negative controls. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that trimethylation of K4 at histone H3 is associated with the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p>A.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-A.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody ChIP-seq Grade" /></p>
<p>B.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-B.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody for ChIP-seq" /></p>
<p>C.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-C.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody for ChIP-seq assay" /></p>
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<p>D.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-D.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody validated in ChIP-seq " /></p>
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<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 1 million HeLaS3 cells using 2 μg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) as described above. The IP’d DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along two 5 Mb regions of chromosome 3 and 5 (figure 2A and B, respectively) and in two 100 kb regions surrounding the GAPDH and c-fos positive control genes (figure 2C and D). These results clearly show an enrichment of the H3K4 trimethylation at the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p>A.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152-cuttag-a.png" /></p>
<p>B.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152-cuttag-b.png" /></p>
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<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 3. Cut&Tag results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> CUT&TAG (Kaya-Okur, H.S., Nat Commun 10, 1930, 2019) was performed on 50,000 K562 cells using 1 µg of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152) and the Diagenode pA-Tn5 transposase (C01070001). The libraries were subsequently analysed on an Illumina NextSeq 500 sequencer (2x75 paired-end reads) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The tags were aligned to the human genome (hg19) using the BWA algorithm. Figure 3 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb zoomin of chromosome 1 (figure 3A and B, respectively).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_ELISA.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 4. Cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> To test the specificity an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152). The wells were coated with peptides containing the unmodified H3K4 as well as the mono-, di- and trimethylated H3K4 and the trimethylated H3K9. Figure 4 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<div class="small-4 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_WB.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 5. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<div class="small-4 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_IF.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 6. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K4me3 antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</p>
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<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
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<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
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<p>Read more:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/cutandtag">Products for CUT&Tag assay</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/pages/cut-and-tag">Performance of Diagenode's antibodies in CUT&Tag</a></p>
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<p><strong>ChIP-seq profile</strong> of active (H3K4me3 and H3K36me3) and inactive (H3K27me3) marks using Diagenode antibodies.</p>
<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/chip-seq-grade-antibodies.png" /></div>
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<p><small> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 100,000 K562 cells using iDeal ChIP-seq kit for Histones (cat. No. C01010051) with 1 µg of the Diagenode antibodies against H3K27me3 (cat. No. C15410195) and H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15410003), and 0.5 µg of the antibody against H3K36me3 (cat. No. C15410192). The IP'd DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. The figure shows the signal distribution along the complete sequence of human chromosome 3, a zoomin to a 10 Mb region and a further zoomin to a 1.5 Mb region. </small></p>
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<p>Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">All Diagenode’s antibodies are listed below. Please, use our Quick search field to find the antibody of interest by target name, application, purity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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'description' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center></center>
<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 medium-6 large-6 columns"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410003-fig1-ChIP.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="315" /> </div>
<div class="small-12 medium-6 large-6 columns">
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
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<p></p>
<p>Our aim at Diagenode is to offer the largest collection of highly specific <strong>ChIP-grade antibodies</strong>. We add new antibodies monthly. Find your ChIP-grade antibody in the list below and check more information about tested applications, extensive validation data, and product information.</p>',
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'description' => '<p>BACKGROUND: Interactions of chromatin with the nuclear lamina via lamina-associated domains (LADs) confer structural stability to the genome. The dynamics of positioning of LADs during differentiation, and how LADs impinge on developmental gene expression, remains, however, elusive. RESULTS: We examined changes in the association of lamin B1 with the genome in the first 72 h of differentiation of adipose stem cells into adipocytes. We demonstrate a repositioning of entire stand-alone LADs and of LAD edges as a prominent nuclear structural feature of early adipogenesis. Whereas adipogenic genes are released from LADs, LADs sequester downregulated or repressed genes irrelevant for the adipose lineage. However, LAD repositioning only partly concurs with gene expression changes. Differentially expressed genes in LADs, including LADs conserved throughout differentiation, reside in local euchromatic and lamin-depleted sub-domains. In these sub-domains, pre-differentiation histone modification profiles correlate with the LAD versus inter-LAD outcome of these genes during adipogenic commitment. Lastly, we link differentially expressed genes in LADs to short-range enhancers which overall co-partition with these genes in LADs versus inter-LADs during differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that LADs are predictable structural features of adipose nuclear architecture that restrain non-adipogenic genes in a repressive environment.</p>',
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'date' => '2021-02-01',
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'name' => 'Distinct and temporary-restricted epigenetic mechanisms regulate human αβ and γδ T cell development ',
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'description' => '<p>The development of TCRαβ and TCRγδ T cells comprises a step-wise process in which regulatory events control differentiation and lineage outcome. To clarify these mechanisms, we employed RNA-sequencing, ATAC-sequencing and ChIPmentation on well-defined thymocyte subsets that represent the continuum of human T cell development. The chromatin accessibility dynamics show clear stage specificity and reveal that human T cell-lineage commitment is marked by GATA3- and BCL11B-dependent closing of PU.1 sites. A temporary increase in H3K27me3 without open chromatin modifications is unique for β-selection, whereas emerging γδ T cells, which originate from common precursors of β-selected cells, show large chromatin accessibility changes due to strong T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Furthermore, we unravel distinct chromatin landscapes between CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> αβ-lineage cells that support their effector functions and reveal gene-specific mechanisms that define mature T cells. This resource provides a framework for studying gene regulatory mechanisms that drive normal and malignant human T cell development.</p>',
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'name' => 'High resolution methylation analysis of the HoxA5 regulatory region in different somatic tissues of laboratory mouse during development',
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'description' => '<p>Homeobox genes encode a group of DNA binding regulatory proteins whose key function occurs in the spatial-temporal organization of genome during embryonic development and differentiation. The role of these Hox genes during ontogenesis makes it an important model for research. HoxA5 is a member of Hox gene family playing a central role during axial body patterning and morphogenesis. DNA modification studies have shown that the function of Hox genes is partly governed by the methylation-mediated gene expression regulation. Therefore the study aimed to investigate the role of epigenetic events in regulation of tissue-specific expression pattern of HoxA5 gene during mammalian development. The methodology adopted were sodium bisulfite genomic DNA sequencing, quantitative real-time PCR and chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Methylation profiling of HoxA5 gene promoter shows higher methylation in adult as compared to fetus in various somatic tissues of mouse being highest in adult spleen. However q-PCR results show higher expression during fetal stages being highest in fetal intestine followed by brain, liver and spleen. These results clearly indicate a strict correlation between DNA methylation and tissue-specific gene expression. The findings of chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP) have also reinforced that epigenetic event like DNA methylation plays important role in the regulation of tissue specific expression of HoxA5.</p>',
'date' => '2017-01-02',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28363633',
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'name' => 'Detection of Protein-Protein Interactions and Posttranslational Modifications Using the Proximity Ligation Assay: Application to the Study of the SUMO Pathway.',
'authors' => 'Ristic M. et al.',
'description' => '<p>The detection of protein-protein interactions by imaging techniques often requires the overexpression of the proteins of interest tagged with fluorescent molecules, which can affect their biological properties and, subsequently, flaw experiment interpretations. The recent development of the proximity ligation assays (PLA) technology allows easy visualization of endogenous protein-protein interactions at the single molecule level. PLA relies on the use of combinations of antibodies coupled to complementary oligonucleotides that are amplified and revealed with a fluorescent probe, each spot representing a single protein-protein interaction. Another application of this technique is the detection of proteins posttranslational modifications to monitor their localization and dynamics in situ. Here, we describe the use of PLA to detect protein SUMOylation, a posttranslational modification related to ubiquitination, as well as interaction of SUMOylated substrates with other proteins, using both adherent and suspension cells.</p>',
'date' => '2016-09-10',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27613043',
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'name' => 'Methylation of the Sox9 and Oct4 promoters and its correlation with gene expression during testicular development in the laboratory mouse',
'authors' => 'Pamnani M et al.',
'description' => '<p>Sox9 and Oct4 are two important regulatory factors involved in mammalian development. Sox9, a member of the group E Sox transcription factor family, has a crucial role in the development of the genitourinary system, while Oct4, commonly known as octamer binding transcription factor 4, belongs to class V of the transcription family. The expression of these two proteins exhibits a dynamic pattern with regard to their expression sites and levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of de novo methylation in the regulation of the tissue- and site-specific expression of these proteins. The dynamics of the de novo methylation of 15 CpGs and six CpGs in Sox9 and Oct4 respectively, was studied with sodium bisulfite genomic DNA sequencing in mouse testis at different developmental stages. Consistent methylation of three CpGs was observed in adult ovary in which the expression of Sox9 was feeble, while the level of methylation in somatic tissue was greater in Oct4 compared to germinal tissue. The promoter-chromatin status of Sox9 was also studied with a chromatin immune-precipitation assay.</p>',
'date' => '2016-07-04',
'pmid' => 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27381637',
'doi' => '10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2015-0172',
'modified' => '2016-07-11 12:31:08',
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'name' => 'Germline organization in Strongyloides nematodes reveals alternative differentiation and regulation mechanisms.',
'authors' => 'Kulkarni A et al.',
'description' => '<p>Nematodes of the genus Strongyloides are important parasites of vertebrates including man. Currently, little is known about their germline organization or reproductive biology and how this influences their parasitic life strategies. Here, we analyze the structure of the germline in several Strongyloides and closely related species and uncover striking differences in the development, germline organization, and fluid dynamics compared to the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. With a focus on Strongyloides ratti, we reveal that the proliferation of germ cells is restricted to early and mid-larval development, thus limiting the number of progeny. In order to understand key germline events (specifically germ cell progression and the transcriptional status of the germline), we monitored conserved histone modifications, in particular H3Pser10 and H3K4me3. The evolutionary significance of these events is subsequently highlighted through comparisons with six other nematode species, revealing underlying complexities and variations in the development of the germline among nematodes</p>',
'date' => '2015-12-12',
'pmid' => 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26661737',
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'name' => 'Transcription termination and chimeric RNA formation controlled by Arabidopsis thaliana FPA.',
'authors' => 'Duc C, Sherstnev A, Cole C, Barton GJ, Simpson GG',
'description' => 'Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation influence the coding and regulatory potential of mRNAs and where transcription termination occurs. Although widespread, few regulators of this process are known. The Arabidopsis thaliana protein FPA is a rare example of a trans-acting regulator of poly(A) site choice. Analysing fpa mutants therefore provides an opportunity to reveal generic consequences of disrupting this process. We used direct RNA sequencing to quantify shifts in RNA 3' formation in fpa mutants. Here we show that specific chimeric RNAs formed between the exons of otherwise separate genes are a striking consequence of loss of FPA function. We define intergenic read-through transcripts resulting from defective RNA 3' end formation in fpa mutants and detail cryptic splicing and antisense transcription associated with these read-through RNAs. We identify alternative polyadenylation within introns that is sensitive to FPA and show FPA-dependent shifts in IBM1 poly(A) site selection that differ from those recently defined in mutants defective in intragenic heterochromatin and DNA methylation. Finally, we show that defective termination at specific loci in fpa mutants is shared with dicer-like 1 (dcl1) or dcl4 mutants, leading us to develop alternative explanations for some silencing roles of these proteins. We relate our findings to the impact that altered patterns of 3' end formation can have on gene and genome organisation.',
'date' => '2013-10-01',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24204292',
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include - APP/View/Products/view.ctp, line 755
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View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
ProductsController::slug() - APP/Controller/ProductsController.php, line 1052
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<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chip.png" /></center></div>
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<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong></p>
<p>ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and optimized PCR primer pairs for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “Auto Histone ChIP-seq” kit (Cat. No. C01010022), using sheared chromatin from 1 million cells on the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration consisting of 1, 2, 5 and 10 μg of antibody per ChIP experiment was analyzed. IgG (2 μg/IP) was used as a negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed with primers specific for the promoter of the constitutively expressed GAPDH and c-fos genes, used as positive controls, and for exon 2 of the inactive myoglobin (MB) gene and the Sat2 satellite repeat, used as negative controls. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that trimethylation of K4 at histone H3 is associated with the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 1 million HeLaS3 cells using 2 μg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) as described above. The IP’d DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along two 5 Mb regions of chromosome 3 and 5 (figure 2A and B, respectively) and in two 100 kb regions surrounding the GAPDH and c-fos positive control genes (figure 2C and D). These results clearly show an enrichment of the H3K4 trimethylation at the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 3. Cut&Tag results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> CUT&TAG (Kaya-Okur, H.S., Nat Commun 10, 1930, 2019) was performed on 50,000 K562 cells using 1 µg of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152) and the Diagenode pA-Tn5 transposase (C01070001). The libraries were subsequently analysed on an Illumina NextSeq 500 sequencer (2x75 paired-end reads) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The tags were aligned to the human genome (hg19) using the BWA algorithm. Figure 3 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb zoomin of chromosome 1 (figure 3A and B, respectively).</p>
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<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_ELISA.png" /></center></div>
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<p><strong>Figure 4. Cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> To test the specificity an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152). The wells were coated with peptides containing the unmodified H3K4 as well as the mono-, di- and trimethylated H3K4 and the trimethylated H3K9. Figure 4 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<div class="small-4 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_WB.png" /></center></div>
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<p><strong>Figure 5. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<div class="small-4 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_IF.png" /></center></div>
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<p><strong>Figure 6. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K4me3 antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</p>
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<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chip.png" /></center></div>
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<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong></p>
<p>ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and optimized PCR primer pairs for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “Auto Histone ChIP-seq” kit (Cat. No. C01010022), using sheared chromatin from 1 million cells on the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration consisting of 1, 2, 5 and 10 μg of antibody per ChIP experiment was analyzed. IgG (2 μg/IP) was used as a negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed with primers specific for the promoter of the constitutively expressed GAPDH and c-fos genes, used as positive controls, and for exon 2 of the inactive myoglobin (MB) gene and the Sat2 satellite repeat, used as negative controls. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that trimethylation of K4 at histone H3 is associated with the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 1 million HeLaS3 cells using 2 μg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) as described above. The IP’d DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along two 5 Mb regions of chromosome 3 and 5 (figure 2A and B, respectively) and in two 100 kb regions surrounding the GAPDH and c-fos positive control genes (figure 2C and D). These results clearly show an enrichment of the H3K4 trimethylation at the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 3. Cut&Tag results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> CUT&TAG (Kaya-Okur, H.S., Nat Commun 10, 1930, 2019) was performed on 50,000 K562 cells using 1 µg of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152) and the Diagenode pA-Tn5 transposase (C01070001). The libraries were subsequently analysed on an Illumina NextSeq 500 sequencer (2x75 paired-end reads) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The tags were aligned to the human genome (hg19) using the BWA algorithm. Figure 3 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb zoomin of chromosome 1 (figure 3A and B, respectively).</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 4. Cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> To test the specificity an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152). The wells were coated with peptides containing the unmodified H3K4 as well as the mono-, di- and trimethylated H3K4 and the trimethylated H3K9. Figure 4 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 5. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 6. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K4me3 antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</p>
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<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong></p>
<p>ChIP assays were performed using human HeLa cells, the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and optimized PCR primer pairs for qPCR. ChIP was performed with the “Auto Histone ChIP-seq” kit (Cat. No. C01010022), using sheared chromatin from 1 million cells on the SX-8G IP-Star automated system. A titration consisting of 1, 2, 5 and 10 μg of antibody per ChIP experiment was analyzed. IgG (2 μg/IP) was used as a negative IP control. Quantitative PCR was performed with primers specific for the promoter of the constitutively expressed GAPDH and c-fos genes, used as positive controls, and for exon 2 of the inactive myoglobin (MB) gene and the Sat2 satellite repeat, used as negative controls. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis). These results are in accordance with the observation that trimethylation of K4 at histone H3 is associated with the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<p>A.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-A.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody ChIP-seq Grade" /></p>
<p>B.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-B.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody for ChIP-seq" /></p>
<p>C.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-C.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody for ChIP-seq assay" /></p>
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<p>D.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_chipseq-D.png" alt="H3K4me3 Antibody validated in ChIP-seq " /></p>
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<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 1 million HeLaS3 cells using 2 μg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) as described above. The IP’d DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along two 5 Mb regions of chromosome 3 and 5 (figure 2A and B, respectively) and in two 100 kb regions surrounding the GAPDH and c-fos positive control genes (figure 2C and D). These results clearly show an enrichment of the H3K4 trimethylation at the promoters of active genes.</p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center>
<p>A.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152-cuttag-a.png" /></p>
<p>B.<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152-cuttag-b.png" /></p>
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<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 3. Cut&Tag results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> CUT&TAG (Kaya-Okur, H.S., Nat Commun 10, 1930, 2019) was performed on 50,000 K562 cells using 1 µg of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152) and the Diagenode pA-Tn5 transposase (C01070001). The libraries were subsequently analysed on an Illumina NextSeq 500 sequencer (2x75 paired-end reads) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The tags were aligned to the human genome (hg19) using the BWA algorithm. Figure 3 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb zoomin of chromosome 1 (figure 3A and B, respectively).</p>
</div>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_ELISA.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-6 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 4. Cross reactivity of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> To test the specificity an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15200152). The wells were coated with peptides containing the unmodified H3K4 as well as the mono-, di- and trimethylated H3K4 and the trimethylated H3K9. Figure 4 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<div class="small-4 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_WB.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 5. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> Histone extracts (15 μg) from HeLa cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<div class="small-4 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200152_IF.png" /></center></div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 6. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K4me3</strong><br /> HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. C15200152) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10’ and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 5% normal goat serum and 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the H3K4me3 antibody (left) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The middle panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</p>
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<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
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<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
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<p>Read more:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/cutandtag">Products for CUT&Tag assay</a></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode provides leading solutions for epigenetic research. Because ChIP-seq is a widely-used technique, we validate our antibodies in ChIP and ChIP-seq experiments (in addition to conventional methods like Western blot, Dot blot, ELISA, and immunofluorescence) to provide the highest quality antibody. We standardize our validation and production to guarantee high product quality without technical bias. Diagenode guarantees ChIP-seq grade antibody performance under our suggested conditions.</span></p>
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<p><strong>ChIP-seq profile</strong> of active (H3K4me3 and H3K36me3) and inactive (H3K27me3) marks using Diagenode antibodies.</p>
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<p><small> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 100,000 K562 cells using iDeal ChIP-seq kit for Histones (cat. No. C01010051) with 1 µg of the Diagenode antibodies against H3K27me3 (cat. No. C15410195) and H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15410003), and 0.5 µg of the antibody against H3K36me3 (cat. No. C15410192). The IP'd DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. The figure shows the signal distribution along the complete sequence of human chromosome 3, a zoomin to a 10 Mb region and a further zoomin to a 1.5 Mb region. </small></p>
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<p>Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</p>
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<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">All Diagenode’s antibodies are listed below. Please, use our Quick search field to find the antibody of interest by target name, application, purity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
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<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-6 large-6 columns"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410003-fig1-ChIP.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="315" /> </div>
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<p>Our aim at Diagenode is to offer the largest collection of highly specific <strong>ChIP-grade antibodies</strong>. We add new antibodies monthly. Find your ChIP-grade antibody in the list below and check more information about tested applications, extensive validation data, and product information.</p>',
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'description' => '<p> </p>',
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'description' => '<p>Datasheet description</p>',
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'name' => 'Antibodies you can trust',
'description' => '<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Epigenetic research tools have evolved over time from endpoint PCR to qPCR to the analyses of large sets of genome-wide sequencing data. ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) has now become the gold standard method for chromatin studies, given the accuracy and coverage scale of the approach over other methods. Successful ChIP-seq, however, requires a higher level of experimental accuracy and consistency in all steps of ChIP than ever before. Particularly crucial is the quality of ChIP antibodies. </span></p>',
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'name' => 'Local euchromatin enrichment in lamina-associated domains anticipatestheir repositioning in the adipogenic lineage.',
'authors' => 'Madsen-Østerbye J. et al.',
'description' => '<p>BACKGROUND: Interactions of chromatin with the nuclear lamina via lamina-associated domains (LADs) confer structural stability to the genome. The dynamics of positioning of LADs during differentiation, and how LADs impinge on developmental gene expression, remains, however, elusive. RESULTS: We examined changes in the association of lamin B1 with the genome in the first 72 h of differentiation of adipose stem cells into adipocytes. We demonstrate a repositioning of entire stand-alone LADs and of LAD edges as a prominent nuclear structural feature of early adipogenesis. Whereas adipogenic genes are released from LADs, LADs sequester downregulated or repressed genes irrelevant for the adipose lineage. However, LAD repositioning only partly concurs with gene expression changes. Differentially expressed genes in LADs, including LADs conserved throughout differentiation, reside in local euchromatic and lamin-depleted sub-domains. In these sub-domains, pre-differentiation histone modification profiles correlate with the LAD versus inter-LAD outcome of these genes during adipogenic commitment. Lastly, we link differentially expressed genes in LADs to short-range enhancers which overall co-partition with these genes in LADs versus inter-LADs during differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that LADs are predictable structural features of adipose nuclear architecture that restrain non-adipogenic genes in a repressive environment.</p>',
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'name' => 'The glucocorticoid receptor recruits the COMPASS complex to regulateinflammatory transcription at macrophage enhancers.',
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'description' => '<p>Glucocorticoids (GCs) are effective anti-inflammatory drugs; yet, their mechanisms of action are poorly understood. GCs bind to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a ligand-gated transcription factor controlling gene expression in numerous cell types. Here, we characterize GR's protein interactome and find the SETD1A (SET domain containing 1A)/COMPASS (complex of proteins associated with Set1) histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complex highly enriched in activated mouse macrophages. We show that SETD1A/COMPASS is recruited by GR to specific cis-regulatory elements, coinciding with H3K4 methylation dynamics at subsets of sites, upon treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and GCs. By chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA-seq, we identify subsets of GR target loci that display SETD1A occupancy, H3K4 mono-, di-, or tri-methylation patterns, and transcriptional changes. However, our data on methylation status and COMPASS recruitment suggest that SETD1A has additional transcriptional functions. Setd1a loss-of-function studies reveal that SETD1A/COMPASS is required for GR-controlled transcription of subsets of macrophage target genes. We demonstrate that the SETD1A/COMPASS complex cooperates with GR to mediate anti-inflammatory effects.</p>',
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'description' => '<p>The development of TCRαβ and TCRγδ T cells comprises a step-wise process in which regulatory events control differentiation and lineage outcome. To clarify these mechanisms, we employed RNA-sequencing, ATAC-sequencing and ChIPmentation on well-defined thymocyte subsets that represent the continuum of human T cell development. The chromatin accessibility dynamics show clear stage specificity and reveal that human T cell-lineage commitment is marked by GATA3- and BCL11B-dependent closing of PU.1 sites. A temporary increase in H3K27me3 without open chromatin modifications is unique for β-selection, whereas emerging γδ T cells, which originate from common precursors of β-selected cells, show large chromatin accessibility changes due to strong T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Furthermore, we unravel distinct chromatin landscapes between CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> αβ-lineage cells that support their effector functions and reveal gene-specific mechanisms that define mature T cells. This resource provides a framework for studying gene regulatory mechanisms that drive normal and malignant human T cell development.</p>',
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'name' => 'High resolution methylation analysis of the HoxA5 regulatory region in different somatic tissues of laboratory mouse during development',
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'date' => '2017-01-02',
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'name' => 'Detection of Protein-Protein Interactions and Posttranslational Modifications Using the Proximity Ligation Assay: Application to the Study of the SUMO Pathway.',
'authors' => 'Ristic M. et al.',
'description' => '<p>The detection of protein-protein interactions by imaging techniques often requires the overexpression of the proteins of interest tagged with fluorescent molecules, which can affect their biological properties and, subsequently, flaw experiment interpretations. The recent development of the proximity ligation assays (PLA) technology allows easy visualization of endogenous protein-protein interactions at the single molecule level. PLA relies on the use of combinations of antibodies coupled to complementary oligonucleotides that are amplified and revealed with a fluorescent probe, each spot representing a single protein-protein interaction. Another application of this technique is the detection of proteins posttranslational modifications to monitor their localization and dynamics in situ. Here, we describe the use of PLA to detect protein SUMOylation, a posttranslational modification related to ubiquitination, as well as interaction of SUMOylated substrates with other proteins, using both adherent and suspension cells.</p>',
'date' => '2016-09-10',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27613043',
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'name' => 'Methylation of the Sox9 and Oct4 promoters and its correlation with gene expression during testicular development in the laboratory mouse',
'authors' => 'Pamnani M et al.',
'description' => '<p>Sox9 and Oct4 are two important regulatory factors involved in mammalian development. Sox9, a member of the group E Sox transcription factor family, has a crucial role in the development of the genitourinary system, while Oct4, commonly known as octamer binding transcription factor 4, belongs to class V of the transcription family. The expression of these two proteins exhibits a dynamic pattern with regard to their expression sites and levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of de novo methylation in the regulation of the tissue- and site-specific expression of these proteins. The dynamics of the de novo methylation of 15 CpGs and six CpGs in Sox9 and Oct4 respectively, was studied with sodium bisulfite genomic DNA sequencing in mouse testis at different developmental stages. Consistent methylation of three CpGs was observed in adult ovary in which the expression of Sox9 was feeble, while the level of methylation in somatic tissue was greater in Oct4 compared to germinal tissue. The promoter-chromatin status of Sox9 was also studied with a chromatin immune-precipitation assay.</p>',
'date' => '2016-07-04',
'pmid' => 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27381637',
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'authors' => 'Kulkarni A et al.',
'description' => '<p>Nematodes of the genus Strongyloides are important parasites of vertebrates including man. Currently, little is known about their germline organization or reproductive biology and how this influences their parasitic life strategies. Here, we analyze the structure of the germline in several Strongyloides and closely related species and uncover striking differences in the development, germline organization, and fluid dynamics compared to the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. With a focus on Strongyloides ratti, we reveal that the proliferation of germ cells is restricted to early and mid-larval development, thus limiting the number of progeny. In order to understand key germline events (specifically germ cell progression and the transcriptional status of the germline), we monitored conserved histone modifications, in particular H3Pser10 and H3K4me3. The evolutionary significance of these events is subsequently highlighted through comparisons with six other nematode species, revealing underlying complexities and variations in the development of the germline among nematodes</p>',
'date' => '2015-12-12',
'pmid' => 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26661737',
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'name' => 'Transcription termination and chimeric RNA formation controlled by Arabidopsis thaliana FPA.',
'authors' => 'Duc C, Sherstnev A, Cole C, Barton GJ, Simpson GG',
'description' => 'Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation influence the coding and regulatory potential of mRNAs and where transcription termination occurs. Although widespread, few regulators of this process are known. The Arabidopsis thaliana protein FPA is a rare example of a trans-acting regulator of poly(A) site choice. Analysing fpa mutants therefore provides an opportunity to reveal generic consequences of disrupting this process. We used direct RNA sequencing to quantify shifts in RNA 3' formation in fpa mutants. Here we show that specific chimeric RNAs formed between the exons of otherwise separate genes are a striking consequence of loss of FPA function. We define intergenic read-through transcripts resulting from defective RNA 3' end formation in fpa mutants and detail cryptic splicing and antisense transcription associated with these read-through RNAs. We identify alternative polyadenylation within introns that is sensitive to FPA and show FPA-dependent shifts in IBM1 poly(A) site selection that differ from those recently defined in mutants defective in intragenic heterochromatin and DNA methylation. Finally, we show that defective termination at specific loci in fpa mutants is shared with dicer-like 1 (dcl1) or dcl4 mutants, leading us to develop alternative explanations for some silencing roles of these proteins. We relate our findings to the impact that altered patterns of 3' end formation can have on gene and genome organisation.',
'date' => '2013-10-01',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24204292',
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'author' => 'Dr. Ermelinda Lomazzo, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, AG Prof. Beat Lutz. University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany',
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$testimonials = '<blockquote><p><span>I have extensively used the antibodies against the histone modifications <a href="../p/h3k4me3-monoclonal-antibody-classic-50-ug-50-ul">H3K4me3</a>, <a href="../p/h3k27me3-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-34-ml">H3k27me3</a>, <a href="../p/h3k9ac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-ug-37-ul">H3K9ac</a>, <a href="../p/h4k8ac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-41-ml">H4k8ac</a> and <a href="../p/h3k18ac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-62-ml">H3K18ac</a> provided by Diagenode. The high level of specificity and selectivity of these antibodies in mouse brain samples, confirmed by using several negative and positive controls run in parallel with mouse brain tissue samples, ensured successful and reproducible results. I have been a Diagenode costumer for over one year now and I am extremely satisfied with the efficiency of the Bioruptor Pico for chromatin shearing as well as all of the ChIP materials (i.e., <a href="../categories/antibodies">antibodies</a>, blocking peptides, primer pairs for qPCR) provided by this company. Many thanks.</span></p><cite>Dr. Ermelinda Lomazzo, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, AG Prof. Beat Lutz. University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany</cite></blockquote>
'
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'name' => 'Ermelinda Lomazzo',
'description' => '<p><span>I have extensively used the antibodies against the histone modifications <a href="../p/h3k4me3-monoclonal-antibody-classic-50-ug-50-ul">H3K4me3</a>, <a href="../p/h3k27me3-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-34-ml">H3k27me3</a>, <a href="../p/h3k9ac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-ug-37-ul">H3K9ac</a>, <a href="../p/h4k8ac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-41-ml">H4k8ac</a> and <a href="../p/h3k18ac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-50-mg-62-ml">H3K18ac</a> provided by Diagenode. The high level of specificity and selectivity of these antibodies in mouse brain samples, confirmed by using several negative and positive controls run in parallel with mouse brain tissue samples, ensured successful and reproducible results. I have been a Diagenode costumer for over one year now and I am extremely satisfied with the efficiency of the Bioruptor Pico for chromatin shearing as well as all of the ChIP materials (i.e., <a href="../categories/antibodies">antibodies</a>, blocking peptides, primer pairs for qPCR) provided by this company. Many thanks.</span></p>',
'author' => 'Dr. Ermelinda Lomazzo, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, AG Prof. Beat Lutz. University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany',
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'name' => 'H3K4me3 Antibody (sample size)',
'description' => '',
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'price_USD' => '115',
'price_GBP' => '100',
'price_JPY' => '16450',
'price_CNY' => '',
'price_AUD' => '288',
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'featured' => false,
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'name' => 'CUT&Tag',
'description' => '<p>CUT&Tagアッセイを成功させるための重要な要素の1つは使用される抗体の品質です。 特異性高い抗体は、目的のタンパク質のみをターゲットとした確実な結果を可能にします。 CUT&Tagで検証済みの抗体のセレクションはこちらからご覧ください。</p>
<p>Read more:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/cutandtag">Products for CUT&Tag assay</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/pages/cut-and-tag">Performance of Diagenode's antibodies in CUT&Tag</a></p>
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'position' => '10',
'parent_id' => '40',
'name' => 'CUT&Tag',
'description' => '<p>The quality of antibody used in CUT&Tag is one of the crucial factors for assay success. The antibodies with confirmed high specificity will target only the protein of interest, enabling real results. Check out our selection of antibodies validated in CUT&Tag.</p>
<p>Read more:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/cutandtag">Products for CUT&Tag assay</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/pages/cut-and-tag">Performance of Diagenode's antibodies in CUT&Tag</a></p>',
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'slug' => 'cut-and-tag',
'meta_keywords' => 'CUT&Tag',
'meta_description' => 'CUT&Tag',
'meta_title' => 'CUT&Tag',
'modified' => '2021-04-27 05:17:46',
'created' => '2020-08-20 10:13:47',
'locale' => 'eng'
)
$description = '<p>The quality of antibody used in CUT&Tag is one of the crucial factors for assay success. The antibodies with confirmed high specificity will target only the protein of interest, enabling real results. Check out our selection of antibodies validated in CUT&Tag.</p>
<p>Read more:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/categories/cutandtag">Products for CUT&Tag assay</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/pages/cut-and-tag">Performance of Diagenode's antibodies in CUT&Tag</a></p>'
$name = 'CUT&Tag'
$document = array(
'id' => '38',
'name' => 'Epigenetic Antibodies Brochure',
'description' => '<p>More than in any other immuoprecipitation assays, quality antibodies are critical tools in many epigenetics experiments. Since 10 years, Diagenode has developed the most stringent quality production available on the market for antibodies exclusively focused on epigenetic uses. All our antibodies have been qualified to work in epigenetic applications.</p>',
'image_id' => null,
'type' => 'Brochure',
'url' => 'files/brochures/Epigenetic_Antibodies_Brochure.pdf',
'slug' => 'epigenetic-antibodies-brochure',
'meta_keywords' => '',
'meta_description' => '',
'modified' => '2016-06-15 11:24:06',
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'name' => 'H3K4me3 Antibody SDS BE nl',
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'url' => 'files/SDS/H3K4me3/SDS-C15200152-H3K4me3_Antibody-BE-nl-GHS_2_0.pdf',
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'modified' => '2021-08-30 14:40:19',
'created' => '2021-08-30 14:40:19',
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'product_id' => '1990',
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'id' => '1719',
'name' => 'Transcription termination and chimeric RNA formation controlled by Arabidopsis thaliana FPA.',
'authors' => 'Duc C, Sherstnev A, Cole C, Barton GJ, Simpson GG',
'description' => 'Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation influence the coding and regulatory potential of mRNAs and where transcription termination occurs. Although widespread, few regulators of this process are known. The Arabidopsis thaliana protein FPA is a rare example of a trans-acting regulator of poly(A) site choice. Analysing fpa mutants therefore provides an opportunity to reveal generic consequences of disrupting this process. We used direct RNA sequencing to quantify shifts in RNA 3' formation in fpa mutants. Here we show that specific chimeric RNAs formed between the exons of otherwise separate genes are a striking consequence of loss of FPA function. We define intergenic read-through transcripts resulting from defective RNA 3' end formation in fpa mutants and detail cryptic splicing and antisense transcription associated with these read-through RNAs. We identify alternative polyadenylation within introns that is sensitive to FPA and show FPA-dependent shifts in IBM1 poly(A) site selection that differ from those recently defined in mutants defective in intragenic heterochromatin and DNA methylation. Finally, we show that defective termination at specific loci in fpa mutants is shared with dicer-like 1 (dcl1) or dcl4 mutants, leading us to develop alternative explanations for some silencing roles of these proteins. We relate our findings to the impact that altered patterns of 3' end formation can have on gene and genome organisation.',
'date' => '2013-10-01',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24204292',
'doi' => '',
'modified' => '2015-07-24 15:39:01',
'created' => '2015-07-24 15:39:01',
'ProductsPublication' => array(
'id' => '293',
'product_id' => '1990',
'publication_id' => '1719'
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)
$externalLink = ' <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24204292" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></a>'
include - APP/View/Products/view.ctp, line 755
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
ProductsController::slug() - APP/Controller/ProductsController.php, line 1052
ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ??
Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 491
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 193
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 118
×