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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor® (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One μg of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP” (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 μg of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP’d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack” (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor® (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One μg of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP” (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 μg of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP’d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack” (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
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'description' => '<p><span>The Auro hMeDIP kit is designed for enrichment of hydroxymethylated DNA from fragmented genomic DNA samples for use in genome-wide methylation analysis. It features</span><span> a highly specific monoclonal antibody against </span><span>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) for the immunoprecipitation of hydroxymethylated DNA</span><span>. It includes control DNA and primers to assess the effiency of the assay. </span><span>Performing hydroxymethylation profiling with the hMeDIP kit is fast, reliable and highly specific.</span></p>',
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<li><span>Robust enrichment & immunoprecipitation of hydroxymethylated DNA</span></li>
<li>Highly specific monoclonal antibody against 5-hmC<span> for reliable, reproducible results</span></li>
<li>Including control DNA and primers to <span>monitor the efficiency of the assay</span>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>5-hmC, 5-mC and unmethylated DNA sequences and primer pairs</li>
<li>Mouse primer pairs against Sfi1 targeting hydroxymethylated gene in mouse</li>
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<li>Improved single-tube, magnetic bead-based protocol</li>
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<p><span>The hMeDIP kit is designed for enrichment of hydroxymethylated DNA from fragmented genomic DNA<span><span> </span>samples for use in genome-wide methylation analysis. It features</span></span><span> a highly specific monoclonal antibody against </span>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) for the immunoprecipitation of hydroxymethylated DNA<span>. It includes control DNA and primers to assess the effiency of the assay. </span>Performing hydroxymethylation profiling with the hMeDIP kit is fast, reliable and highly specific.</p>
<p><em>Looking for hMeDIP-seq protocol? <a href="https://go.diagenode.com/l/928883/2022-01-07/2m1ht" target="_blank" title="Contact us">Contact us</a></em></p>
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<li>Improved single-tube, magnetic bead-based protocol</li>
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<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Make your Bisulfite conversion now in only 60 minutes !</strong></p>
<p>Diagenode's Premium Bisulfite Kit rapidly converts DNA through bisulfite treatment. Our conversion reagent is added directly to DNA, requires no intermediate steps, and results in high yields of DNA ready for downstream analysis methods including PCR and Next-Generation Sequencing.</p>',
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<p> </p>
<div class="small-12 medium-4 large-4 columns"><center></center><center></center><center></center><center><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30429608" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/banners/banner-nature-publication-580.png" alt="Click here to read more about MeDIP " caption="false" width="80%" /></a></center></div>
<div class="small-12 medium-8 large-8 columns">
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Sensitive tumour detection and classification using plasma cell-free DNA methylomes<br /><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30429608" target="_blank">Read the publication</a></h3>
<h3 class="c-article-title u-h1" data-test="article-title" itemprop="name headline" style="text-align: justify;">Preparation of cfMeDIP-seq libraries for methylome profiling of plasma cell-free DNA<br /><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-019-0202-2" target="_blank" title="cfMeDIP-seq Nature Method">Read the method</a></h3>
</div>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-8 large-8 columns"><br />
<p>Perform <strong>MeDIP</strong> (<strong>Me</strong>thylated <strong>D</strong>NA <strong>I</strong>mmuno<strong>p</strong>recipitation) followed by qPCR or NGS to estimate DNA methylation status of your sample using a highly sensitive 5-methylcytosine antibody. Our MagMeDIP kit contains high quality reagents to get the highest enrichment of methylated DNA with an optimized user-friendly protocol.</p>
</div>
</div>
<h3><span>Features</span></h3>
<ul>
<li>Starting DNA amount: <strong>10 ng – 1 µg</strong></li>
<li>Content: <strong>all reagents included</strong> for DNA extraction, immunoprecipitation (including the 5-mC antibody, spike-in controls and their corresponding qPCR primer pairs) as well as DNA isolation after IP.</li>
<li>Application: <strong>qPCR</strong> and <strong>NGS</strong></li>
<li>Robust method, <strong>superior enrichment</strong>, and easy-to-use protocol</li>
<li><strong>High reproducibility</strong> between replicates and repetitive experiments</li>
<li>Compatible with <strong>all species </strong></li>
</ul>',
'label1' => 'MagMeDIP workflow',
'info1' => '<p>DNA methylation occurs primarily as 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), and the Diagenode MagMeDIP Kit takes advantage of a specific antibody targeting this 5-mC to immunoprecipitate methylated DNA, which can be thereafter directly analyzed by qPCR or Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS).</p>
<h3><span>How it works</span></h3>
<p>In brief, after the cell collection and lysis, the genomic DNA is extracted, sheared, and then denatured. In the next step the antibody directed against 5 methylcytosine and antibody binding beads are used for immunoselection and immunoprecipitation of methylated DNA fragments. Then, the IP’d methylated DNA is isolated and can be used for any subsequent analysis as qPCR, amplification, hybridization on microarrays or next generation sequencing.</p>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/MagMeDIP-workflow.png" width="70%" alt="5-methylcytosine" caption="false" /></center>
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<ul>
<li><strong>Complete kit</strong> including DNA extraction module, IP antibody and reagents, DNA isolation buffer</li>
<li><strong>Quality control of the IP:</strong> due to methylated and unmethylated DNA spike-in controls and their associated qPCR primers</li>
<li><strong>Easy to use</strong> with user-friendly magnetic beads and rack</li>
<li><strong>Highly validated protocol</strong></li>
<li>Automated protocol supplied</li>
</ul>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/fig1-magmedipkit.png" width="85%" alt="Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation" caption="false" /></center>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;"><em><strong>Figure 1.</strong> Immunoprecipitation results obtained with Diagenode MagMeDIP Kit</em></p>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;">MeDIP assays were performed manually using 1 µg or 50 ng gDNA from blood cells with the MagMeDIP kit (Diagenode). The IP was performed with the Methylated and Unmethylated spike-in controls included in the kit, together with the human DNA samples. The DNA was isolated/purified using DIB. Afterwards, qPCR was performed using the primer pairs included in this kit.</p>
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'info3' => '<p>For DNA methylation analysis on the whole genome, MagMeDIP kit can be coupled with Next-Generation Sequencing. To perform MeDIP-sequencing we recommend the following strategy:</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Choose a library preparation solution which is compatible with the starting amount of DNA you are planning to use (from 10 ng to 1 μg). It can be a home-made solution or a commercial one.</li>
<li>Choose the indexing system that fits your needs considering the following features:</li>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>Single-indexing, combinatorial dual-indexing or unique dual-indexing</li>
<li>Number of barcodes</li>
<li>Full-length adaptors containing the barcodes or barcoding at the final amplification step</li>
<li>Presence / absence of Unique Molecular Identifiers (for PCR duplicates removal)</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li>Standard library preparation protocols are compatible with double-stranded DNA only, therefore the first steps of the library preparation (end repair, A-tailing, adaptor ligation and clean-up) will have to be performed on sheared DNA, before the IP.</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>CAUTION:</strong> As the immunoprecipitation step occurs at the middle of the library preparation workflow, single-tube solutions for library preparation are usually not compatible with MeDIP-sequencing.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>For DNA isolation after the IP, we recommend using the <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/ipure-kit-v2-x24" title="IPure kit v2">IPure kit v2</a> (available separately, Cat. No. C03010014) instead of DNA isolation Buffer.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Perform library amplification after the DNA isolation following the standard protocol of the chosen library preparation solution.</li>
</ul>
<h3><span>MeDIP-seq workflow</span></h3>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/MeDIP-seq-workflow.png" width="110%" alt="MagMeDIP qPCR Kit x10 workflow" caption="false" /></center>
<h3><span>Example of results</span></h3>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/medip-specificity.png" alt="MagMeDIP qPCR Kit Result" caption="false" width="951" height="488" /></center>
<p></p>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;"><strong>Figure 1. qPCR analysis of external spike-in DNA controls (methylated and unmethylated) after IP.</strong> Samples were prepared using 1μg – 100ng -10ng sheared human gDNA with the MagMeDIP kit (Diagenode) and a commercially available library prep kit. DNA isolation after IP has been performed with IPure kit V2 (Diagenode).</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/medip-saturation-analysis.png" alt=" MagMeDIP kit " caption="false" width="951" height="461" /></center>
<p></p>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;"><strong>Figure 2. Saturation analysis.</strong> Clean reads were aligned to the human genome (hg19) using Burrows-Wheeler aligner (BWA) algorithm after which duplicated and unmapped reads were removed resulting in a mapping efficiency >98% for all samples. Quality and validity check of the mapped MeDIP-seq data was performed using MEDIPS R package. Saturation plots show that all sets of reads have sufficient complexity and depth to saturate the coverage profile of the reference genome and that this is reproducible between replicates and repetitive experiments (data shown for 50 ng gDNA input: left panel = replicate a, right panel = replicate b).</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/medip-libraries-prep.png" alt="MagMeDIP x10 " caption="false" width="951" height="708" /></center>
<p></p>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;"><strong>Figure 3. Sequencing profiles of MeDIP-seq libraries prepared from different starting amounts of sheared gDNA on the positive and negative methylated control regions.</strong> MeDIP-seq libraries were prepared from decreasing starting amounts of gDNA (1 μg (green), 50 ng (red), and 10ng (blue)) originating from human blood with the MagMeDIP kit (Diagenode) and a commercially available library prep kit. DNA isolation after IP has been performed with IPure kit V2 (Diagenode). IP and corresponding INPUT samples were sequenced on Illumina NovaSeq SP with 2x50 PE reads. The reads were mapped to the human genome (hg19) with bwa and the alignments were loaded into IGV (the tracks use an identical scale). The top IGV figure shows the TSH2B (also known as H2BC1) gene (marked by blue boxes in the bottom track) and its surroundings. The TSH2B gene is coding for a histone variant that does not occur in blood cells, and it is known to be silenced by methylation. Accordingly, we see a high coverage in the vicinity of this gene. The bottom IGV figure shows the GADPH locus (marked by blue boxes in the bottom track) and its surroundings. The GADPH gene is a highly active transcription region and should not be methylated, resulting in no reads accumulation following MeDIP-seq experiment.</p>
<p></p>
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'description' => '<p>The Auto MethylCap kit allows to specifically capture DNA fragments containing methylated CpGs. The assay is based on the affinity purification of methylated DNA using methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) of human MeCP2 protein. This procedure has been optimized to perform automated immunoprecipitation of chromatin using the <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/sx-8g-ip-star-compact-automated-system-1-unit">IP-Star® Compact Automated System</a> enabling highly reproducible results and allowing for high throughput.</p>',
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<h3>MBD-seq allows for detection of genomic regions with different CpG density</h3>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/mbd_results1.png" alt="MBD-sequencing results have been validated by bisulfite sequencing" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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'description' => '<p>The MethylCap kit allows to specifically capture DNA fragments containing methylated CpGs. The assay is based on the affinity purification of methylated DNA using methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) of human MeCP2 protein. The procedure has been adapted to both manual process or <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/sx-8g-ip-star-compact-automated-system-1-unit">IP-Star® Compact Automated System</a>. Libraries of captured methylated DNA can be prepared for next-generation sequencing (NGS) by combining MBD technology with the <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/microplex-lib-prep-kit-v3-48-rxns">MicroPlex Library Preparation Kit v3</a>.</p>',
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<li><strong>On-day protocol</strong></li>
<li><strong>NGS compatibility</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>MBD-seq allows for detection of genomic regions with different CpG density</h3>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/mbd_results1.png" alt="MBD-sequencing results have been validated by bisulfite sequencing" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
<p><strong></strong></p>
<p><strong></strong><strong>F</strong><strong>igure 1.</strong> Using the MBD approach, two methylated regions were detected in different elution fractions according to their methylated CpG density (A). Low, Medium and High refer to the sequenced DNA from different elution fractions with increasing salt concentration. Methylated patterns of these two different methylated regions were validated by bisulfite conversion assay (B).</p>',
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'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">T</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">he pattern of <strong>DNA modifications</strong> is critical for genome stability and the control of gene expression in the cell. Methylation of 5-cytosine (5-mC), one of the best-studied epigenetic marks, is carried out by the <strong>DNA methyltransferases</strong> DNMT3A and B and DNMT1. DNMT3A and DNMT3B are responsible for </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">de novo</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> DNA methylation, whereas DNMT1 maintains existing methylation. 5-mC undergoes active demethylation which is performed by the <strong>Ten-Eleven Translocation</strong> (TET) familly of DNA hydroxylases. The latter consists of 3 members TET1, 2 and 3. All 3 members catalyze the conversion of <strong>5-methylcytosine</strong> (5-mC) into <strong>5-hydroxymethylcytosine</strong> (5-hmC), and further into <strong>5-formylcytosine</strong> (5-fC) and <strong>5-carboxycytosine</strong> (5-caC). 5-fC and 5-caC can be converted to unmodified cytosine by <strong>Thymine DNA Glycosylase</strong> (TDG). It is not yet clear if 5-hmC, 5-fC and 5-caC have specific functions or are simply intermediates in the demethylation of 5-mC.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">DNA methylation is generally considered as a repressive mark and is usually associated with gene silencing. It is essential that the balance between DNA methylation and demethylation is precisely maintained. Dysregulation of DNA methylation may lead to many different human diseases and is often observed in cancer cells.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode offers highly validated antibodies against different proteins involved in DNA modifications as well as against the modified bases allowing the study of all steps and intermediates in the DNA methylation/demethylation pathway:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/dna-methylation.jpg" height="599" width="816" /></p>
<p><strong>Diagenode exclusively sources the original 5-methylcytosine monoclonal antibody (clone 33D3).</strong></p>
<p>Check out the list below to see all proposed antibodies for DNA modifications.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</p>
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<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
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'description' => '<p>Cytosine hydroxymethylation was recently discovered as an important epigenetic mechanism. This cytosine base modification results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) by the TET family of oxygenases. Though the precise role of 5-hmC is the subject of intense research and debate, early studies strongly indicate that it is also involved in gene regulation and in numerous important biological processes including embryonic development, cellular differentiation, stem cell reprogramming and carcinogenesis.</p>
<p>The study of 5-hmC has long been limited due to the lack of high quality, validated tools and technologies that discriminate hydroxymethylation from methylation in regulating gene expression. The use of highly specific antibodies against 5-hmC for the immunoprecipitation of hydroxymethylated DNA offers a reliable solution for hydroxymethylation profiling.</p>
<p></p>',
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'name' => 'DNA methylation dynamics underlie metamorphic gene regulation programs in Xenopus tadpole brain.',
'authors' => 'Kyono Y, Raj S, Sifuentes CJ, Buisine N, Sachs L, Denver RJ',
'description' => '<p>Methylation of cytosine residues in DNA influences chromatin structure and gene transcription, and its regulation is crucial for brain development. There is mounting evidence that DNA methylation can be modulated by hormone signaling. We analyzed genome-wide changes in DNA methylation and their relationship to gene regulation in the brain of Xenopus tadpoles during metamorphosis, a thyroid hormone-dependent developmental process. We studied the region of the tadpole brain containing neurosecretory neurons that control pituitary hormone secretion, a region that is highly responsive to thyroid hormone action. Using Methylated DNA Capture sequencing (MethylCap-seq) we discovered a diverse landscape of DNA methylation across the tadpole neural cell genome, and pairwise stage comparisons identified several thousand differentially methylated regions (DMRs). During the pre-to pro-metamorphic period, the number of DMRs was lowest (1,163), with demethylation predominating. From pre-metamorphosis to metamorphic climax DMRs nearly doubled (2,204), with methylation predominating. The largest changes in DNA methylation were seen from metamorphic climax to the completion of metamorphosis (2960 DMRs), with 80% of the DMRs representing demethylation. Using RNA sequencing, we found negative correlations between differentially expressed genes and DMRs localized to gene bodies and regions upstream of transcription start sites. DNA demethylation at metamorphosis revealed by MethylCap-seq was corroborated by increased immunoreactivity for the DNA demethylation intermediates 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-carboxymethylcytosine, and the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten eleven translocation 3 that catalyzes DNA demethylation. Our findings show that the genome of tadpole neural cells undergoes significant changes in DNA methylation during metamorphosis, and these changes likely influence chromatin architecture, and gene regulation programs occurring during this developmental period.</p>',
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'description' => '<p>The epigenetic mark 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a cytosine modification that is abundant in the central nervous system of mammals and which results from 5-methylcytosine oxidation by TET enzymes. Such a mark is suggested to play key roles in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. However, its precise functions still remain poorly understood and information about its distribution in non-mammalian species is still lacking. Here, the distribution of 5hmC was investigated in the brain of adult zebrafish, African claw frog, and mouse in a comparative manner. We show that zebrafish neurons are endowed with high levels of 5hmC, whereas quiescent or proliferative neural progenitors show low to undetectable levels of the modified cytosine. In the brain of larval and juvenile Xenopus, 5hmC is also detected in neurons, while ventricular proliferative cells do not display this epigenetic mark. Similarly, 5hmC is enriched in neurons compared to neural progenitors of the ventricular zone in the mouse developing cortex. Interestingly, 5hmC colocalized with the methylated DNA binding protein MeCP2 and with the active chromatin histone modification H3K4me2 in mouse neurons. Taken together, our results show an evolutionarily conserved cerebral distribution of 5hmC between fish and tetrapods and reinforce the idea that 5hmC fulfills major functions in the control of chromatin activity in vertebrate neurons.</p>',
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'description' => 'The presence of 5-methylcytidine (m(5)C) in tRNA and rRNA molecules of a wide variety of organisms was first observed more than 40 years ago. However, detection of this modification was limited to specific, abundant, RNA species, due to the usage of low-throughput methods. To obtain a high resolution, systematic, and comprehensive transcriptome-wide overview of m(5)C across the three domains of life, we used bisulfite treatment on total RNA from both gram positive (B. subtilis) and gram negative (E. coli) bacteria, an archaeon (S. solfataricus) and a eukaryote (S. cerevisiae), followed by massively parallel sequencing. We were able to recover most previously documented m(5)C sites on rRNA in the four organisms, and identified several novel sites in yeast and archaeal rRNAs. Our analyses also allowed quantification of methylated m(5)C positions in 64 tRNAs in yeast and archaea, revealing stoichiometric differences between the methylation patterns of these organisms. Molecules of tRNAs in which m(5)C was absent were also discovered. Intriguingly, we detected m(5)C sites within archaeal mRNAs, and identified a consensus motif of AUCGANGU that directs methylation in S. solfataricus. Our results, which were validated using m(5)C-specific RNA immunoprecipitation, provide the first evidence for mRNA modifications in archaea, suggesting that this mode of post-transcriptional regulation extends beyond the eukaryotic domain.',
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'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor® (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One μg of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP” (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 μg of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP’d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack” (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
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'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
'label1' => 'Validation Data',
'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor® (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One μg of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP” (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 μg of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP’d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack” (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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'format' => '20 µg',
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'sf_code' => 'C15410205-D001-000831',
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'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit) validated in hMeDIP, DB and ELISA. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
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'description' => '<p>The MethylCap kit allows to specifically capture DNA fragments containing methylated CpGs. The assay is based on the affinity purification of methylated DNA using methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) of human MeCP2 protein. The procedure has been adapted to both manual process or <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/sx-8g-ip-star-compact-automated-system-1-unit">IP-Star® Compact Automated System</a>. Libraries of captured methylated DNA can be prepared for next-generation sequencing (NGS) by combining MBD technology with the <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/microplex-lib-prep-kit-v3-48-rxns">MicroPlex Library Preparation Kit v3</a>.</p>',
'label1' => 'Characteristics',
'info1' => '<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Fast & sensitive capture</strong> of methylated DNA</li>
<li><strong>High capture efficiency</strong></li>
<li><strong>Differential fractionation</strong> of methylated DNA by CpG density (3 eluted fractions)</li>
<li><strong>On-day protocol</strong></li>
<li><strong>NGS compatibility</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>MBD-seq allows for detection of genomic regions with different CpG density</h3>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/mbd_results1.png" alt="MBD-sequencing results have been validated by bisulfite sequencing" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
<p><strong></strong></p>
<p><strong></strong><strong>F</strong><strong>igure 1.</strong> Using the MBD approach, two methylated regions were detected in different elution fractions according to their methylated CpG density (A). Low, Medium and High refer to the sequenced DNA from different elution fractions with increasing salt concentration. Methylated patterns of these two different methylated regions were validated by bisulfite conversion assay (B).</p>',
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'format' => '48 rxns',
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'slug' => 'methylcap-kit-x48-48-rxns',
'meta_title' => 'MethylCap kit x48',
'meta_keywords' => '',
'meta_description' => 'MethylCap kit x48',
'modified' => '2024-11-21 06:38:46',
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'antibody_id' => '35',
'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
'label1' => 'Validation Data',
'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor® (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One μg of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP” (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 μg of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP’d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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'meta_title' => '5-hmC Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
'meta_keywords' => '',
'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit) validated in hMeDIP, DB and ELISA. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
'modified' => '2024-01-17 20:16:59',
'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
'locale' => 'eng'
),
'Antibody' => array(
'host' => '*****',
'id' => '35',
'name' => '5-hmC polyclonal antibody (rabbit)',
'description' => '
5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. 5-hmC results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Initially, the 5-hmC base had been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where it is present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells). A recent report indicates that 5-hmC is also abundant in brain tissue, especially in areas that are associated with higher cognitive functions.
Early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may represent an intermediate in a new pathway which demethylates DNA, converting 5-mC to cytosine. Although its precise role has still to be shown, recent results indicate, however, that 5-hmC may play important roles distinct from 5-mC. This may open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.
Due to their structural similarity, 5-mC and 5-hmC are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the validation of this unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in various applications.',
'clonality' => '',
'isotype' => '',
'lot' => 'A1203-0041',
'concentration' => '3.5 µg/µl',
'reactivity' => 'Human, mouse, other (wide range)',
'type' => 'Polyclonal',
'purity' => 'Affinity purified',
'classification' => 'Classic',
'application_table' => '<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Applications</th>
<th>Suggested dilution</th>
<th>References</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>hMeDIP<sup>*</sup> </td>
<td>3.5 μg/IP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ELISA</td>
<td>1:100 - 1:500</td>
<td>Fig 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dot Blotting</td>
<td>1:1,1000</td>
<td>Fig 3</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>',
'storage_conditions' => '',
'storage_buffer' => '',
'precautions' => 'This product is for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.',
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'slug' => '',
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'modified' => '2016-08-03 10:31:25',
'created' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
'select_label' => '35 - 5-hmC polyclonal antibody (rabbit) (A1203-0041 - 3.5 µg/µl - Human, mouse, other (wide range) - Affinity purified - Rabbit)'
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'name' => 'C15410205',
'product_id' => '2677',
'modified' => '2016-02-19 15:01:43',
'created' => '2016-02-19 15:01:43'
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'antibody_id' => '35',
'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
'label1' => 'Validation Data',
'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor® (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One μg of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP” (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 μg of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP’d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack” (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
'label2' => 'Target description',
'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
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'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit) validated in hMeDIP, DB and ELISA. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
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<p><span>The hMeDIP kit is designed for enrichment of hydroxymethylated DNA from fragmented genomic DNA<span><span> </span>samples for use in genome-wide methylation analysis. It features</span></span><span> a highly specific monoclonal antibody against </span>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) for the immunoprecipitation of hydroxymethylated DNA<span>. It includes control DNA and primers to assess the effiency of the assay. </span>Performing hydroxymethylation profiling with the hMeDIP kit is fast, reliable and highly specific.</p>
<p><em>Looking for hMeDIP-seq protocol? <a href="https://go.diagenode.com/l/928883/2022-01-07/2m1ht" target="_blank" title="Contact us">Contact us</a></em></p>
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<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Make your Bisulfite conversion now in only 60 minutes !</strong></p>
<p>Diagenode's Premium Bisulfite Kit rapidly converts DNA through bisulfite treatment. Our conversion reagent is added directly to DNA, requires no intermediate steps, and results in high yields of DNA ready for downstream analysis methods including PCR and Next-Generation Sequencing.</p>',
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<p> </p>
<div class="small-12 medium-4 large-4 columns"><center></center><center></center><center></center><center><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30429608" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/banners/banner-nature-publication-580.png" alt="Click here to read more about MeDIP " caption="false" width="80%" /></a></center></div>
<div class="small-12 medium-8 large-8 columns">
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Sensitive tumour detection and classification using plasma cell-free DNA methylomes<br /><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30429608" target="_blank">Read the publication</a></h3>
<h3 class="c-article-title u-h1" data-test="article-title" itemprop="name headline" style="text-align: justify;">Preparation of cfMeDIP-seq libraries for methylome profiling of plasma cell-free DNA<br /><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-019-0202-2" target="_blank" title="cfMeDIP-seq Nature Method">Read the method</a></h3>
</div>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<div class="row">
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<div class="small-12 medium-8 large-8 columns"><br />
<p>Perform <strong>MeDIP</strong> (<strong>Me</strong>thylated <strong>D</strong>NA <strong>I</strong>mmuno<strong>p</strong>recipitation) followed by qPCR or NGS to estimate DNA methylation status of your sample using a highly sensitive 5-methylcytosine antibody. Our MagMeDIP kit contains high quality reagents to get the highest enrichment of methylated DNA with an optimized user-friendly protocol.</p>
</div>
</div>
<h3><span>Features</span></h3>
<ul>
<li>Starting DNA amount: <strong>10 ng – 1 µg</strong></li>
<li>Content: <strong>all reagents included</strong> for DNA extraction, immunoprecipitation (including the 5-mC antibody, spike-in controls and their corresponding qPCR primer pairs) as well as DNA isolation after IP.</li>
<li>Application: <strong>qPCR</strong> and <strong>NGS</strong></li>
<li>Robust method, <strong>superior enrichment</strong>, and easy-to-use protocol</li>
<li><strong>High reproducibility</strong> between replicates and repetitive experiments</li>
<li>Compatible with <strong>all species </strong></li>
</ul>',
'label1' => 'MagMeDIP workflow',
'info1' => '<p>DNA methylation occurs primarily as 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), and the Diagenode MagMeDIP Kit takes advantage of a specific antibody targeting this 5-mC to immunoprecipitate methylated DNA, which can be thereafter directly analyzed by qPCR or Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS).</p>
<h3><span>How it works</span></h3>
<p>In brief, after the cell collection and lysis, the genomic DNA is extracted, sheared, and then denatured. In the next step the antibody directed against 5 methylcytosine and antibody binding beads are used for immunoselection and immunoprecipitation of methylated DNA fragments. Then, the IP’d methylated DNA is isolated and can be used for any subsequent analysis as qPCR, amplification, hybridization on microarrays or next generation sequencing.</p>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/MagMeDIP-workflow.png" width="70%" alt="5-methylcytosine" caption="false" /></center>
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'label2' => 'MeDIP-qPCR',
'info2' => '<p>The kit MagMeDIP contains all reagents necessary for a complete MeDIP-qPCR workflow. Two MagMeDIP protocols have been validated: for manual processing as well as for automated processing, using the Diagenode’s IP-Star Compact Automated System (please refer to the kit manual).</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Complete kit</strong> including DNA extraction module, IP antibody and reagents, DNA isolation buffer</li>
<li><strong>Quality control of the IP:</strong> due to methylated and unmethylated DNA spike-in controls and their associated qPCR primers</li>
<li><strong>Easy to use</strong> with user-friendly magnetic beads and rack</li>
<li><strong>Highly validated protocol</strong></li>
<li>Automated protocol supplied</li>
</ul>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/fig1-magmedipkit.png" width="85%" alt="Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation" caption="false" /></center>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;"><em><strong>Figure 1.</strong> Immunoprecipitation results obtained with Diagenode MagMeDIP Kit</em></p>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;">MeDIP assays were performed manually using 1 µg or 50 ng gDNA from blood cells with the MagMeDIP kit (Diagenode). The IP was performed with the Methylated and Unmethylated spike-in controls included in the kit, together with the human DNA samples. The DNA was isolated/purified using DIB. Afterwards, qPCR was performed using the primer pairs included in this kit.</p>
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'label3' => 'MeDIP-seq',
'info3' => '<p>For DNA methylation analysis on the whole genome, MagMeDIP kit can be coupled with Next-Generation Sequencing. To perform MeDIP-sequencing we recommend the following strategy:</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Choose a library preparation solution which is compatible with the starting amount of DNA you are planning to use (from 10 ng to 1 μg). It can be a home-made solution or a commercial one.</li>
<li>Choose the indexing system that fits your needs considering the following features:</li>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>Single-indexing, combinatorial dual-indexing or unique dual-indexing</li>
<li>Number of barcodes</li>
<li>Full-length adaptors containing the barcodes or barcoding at the final amplification step</li>
<li>Presence / absence of Unique Molecular Identifiers (for PCR duplicates removal)</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li>Standard library preparation protocols are compatible with double-stranded DNA only, therefore the first steps of the library preparation (end repair, A-tailing, adaptor ligation and clean-up) will have to be performed on sheared DNA, before the IP.</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>CAUTION:</strong> As the immunoprecipitation step occurs at the middle of the library preparation workflow, single-tube solutions for library preparation are usually not compatible with MeDIP-sequencing.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>For DNA isolation after the IP, we recommend using the <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/ipure-kit-v2-x24" title="IPure kit v2">IPure kit v2</a> (available separately, Cat. No. C03010014) instead of DNA isolation Buffer.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Perform library amplification after the DNA isolation following the standard protocol of the chosen library preparation solution.</li>
</ul>
<h3><span>MeDIP-seq workflow</span></h3>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/MeDIP-seq-workflow.png" width="110%" alt="MagMeDIP qPCR Kit x10 workflow" caption="false" /></center>
<h3><span>Example of results</span></h3>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/medip-specificity.png" alt="MagMeDIP qPCR Kit Result" caption="false" width="951" height="488" /></center>
<p></p>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;"><strong>Figure 1. qPCR analysis of external spike-in DNA controls (methylated and unmethylated) after IP.</strong> Samples were prepared using 1μg – 100ng -10ng sheared human gDNA with the MagMeDIP kit (Diagenode) and a commercially available library prep kit. DNA isolation after IP has been performed with IPure kit V2 (Diagenode).</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/medip-saturation-analysis.png" alt=" MagMeDIP kit " caption="false" width="951" height="461" /></center>
<p></p>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;"><strong>Figure 2. Saturation analysis.</strong> Clean reads were aligned to the human genome (hg19) using Burrows-Wheeler aligner (BWA) algorithm after which duplicated and unmapped reads were removed resulting in a mapping efficiency >98% for all samples. Quality and validity check of the mapped MeDIP-seq data was performed using MEDIPS R package. Saturation plots show that all sets of reads have sufficient complexity and depth to saturate the coverage profile of the reference genome and that this is reproducible between replicates and repetitive experiments (data shown for 50 ng gDNA input: left panel = replicate a, right panel = replicate b).</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/medip-libraries-prep.png" alt="MagMeDIP x10 " caption="false" width="951" height="708" /></center>
<p></p>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;"><strong>Figure 3. Sequencing profiles of MeDIP-seq libraries prepared from different starting amounts of sheared gDNA on the positive and negative methylated control regions.</strong> MeDIP-seq libraries were prepared from decreasing starting amounts of gDNA (1 μg (green), 50 ng (red), and 10ng (blue)) originating from human blood with the MagMeDIP kit (Diagenode) and a commercially available library prep kit. DNA isolation after IP has been performed with IPure kit V2 (Diagenode). IP and corresponding INPUT samples were sequenced on Illumina NovaSeq SP with 2x50 PE reads. The reads were mapped to the human genome (hg19) with bwa and the alignments were loaded into IGV (the tracks use an identical scale). The top IGV figure shows the TSH2B (also known as H2BC1) gene (marked by blue boxes in the bottom track) and its surroundings. The TSH2B gene is coding for a histone variant that does not occur in blood cells, and it is known to be silenced by methylation. Accordingly, we see a high coverage in the vicinity of this gene. The bottom IGV figure shows the GADPH locus (marked by blue boxes in the bottom track) and its surroundings. The GADPH gene is a highly active transcription region and should not be methylated, resulting in no reads accumulation following MeDIP-seq experiment.</p>
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'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">T</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">he pattern of <strong>DNA modifications</strong> is critical for genome stability and the control of gene expression in the cell. Methylation of 5-cytosine (5-mC), one of the best-studied epigenetic marks, is carried out by the <strong>DNA methyltransferases</strong> DNMT3A and B and DNMT1. DNMT3A and DNMT3B are responsible for </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">de novo</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> DNA methylation, whereas DNMT1 maintains existing methylation. 5-mC undergoes active demethylation which is performed by the <strong>Ten-Eleven Translocation</strong> (TET) familly of DNA hydroxylases. The latter consists of 3 members TET1, 2 and 3. All 3 members catalyze the conversion of <strong>5-methylcytosine</strong> (5-mC) into <strong>5-hydroxymethylcytosine</strong> (5-hmC), and further into <strong>5-formylcytosine</strong> (5-fC) and <strong>5-carboxycytosine</strong> (5-caC). 5-fC and 5-caC can be converted to unmodified cytosine by <strong>Thymine DNA Glycosylase</strong> (TDG). It is not yet clear if 5-hmC, 5-fC and 5-caC have specific functions or are simply intermediates in the demethylation of 5-mC.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">DNA methylation is generally considered as a repressive mark and is usually associated with gene silencing. It is essential that the balance between DNA methylation and demethylation is precisely maintained. Dysregulation of DNA methylation may lead to many different human diseases and is often observed in cancer cells.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode offers highly validated antibodies against different proteins involved in DNA modifications as well as against the modified bases allowing the study of all steps and intermediates in the DNA methylation/demethylation pathway:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/dna-methylation.jpg" height="599" width="816" /></p>
<p><strong>Diagenode exclusively sources the original 5-methylcytosine monoclonal antibody (clone 33D3).</strong></p>
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<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
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<p>The study of 5-hmC has long been limited due to the lack of high quality, validated tools and technologies that discriminate hydroxymethylation from methylation in regulating gene expression. The use of highly specific antibodies against 5-hmC for the immunoprecipitation of hydroxymethylated DNA offers a reliable solution for hydroxymethylation profiling.</p>
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'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor® (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One μg of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP” (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 μg of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP’d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack” (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor® (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One μg of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP” (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 μg of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP’d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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<div class="row">
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack” (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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<p>Add <input name="data[Cart][quantity]" placeholder="1" value="1" min="1" style="width:60px;display:inline" type="number" id="CartQuantity" required="required"/> <strong> Auto MethylCap kit</strong> to my shopping cart.</p>
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'C02020011',
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<button class="alert small button expand" onclick="$(this).addToCart('Auto MethylCap kit',
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</div>
</form><a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close">×</a></div><!-- END: ADD TO CART MODAL --><a href="#" id="auto-methylcap-kit-x48-48-rxns" data-reveal-id="cartModal-1888" class="" style="color:#B21329"><i class="fa fa-cart-plus"></i></a>
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<h6 style="height:60px">Auto MethylCap kit</h6>
</div>
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<li>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<a href="/en/p/methylcap-kit-x48-48-rxns"><img src="/img/product/kits/methyl-kit-icon.png" alt="Methylation kit icon" class="th"/></a> </div>
<div class="small-12 columns">
<div class="small-6 columns" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;margin-top:-6px;margin-left:-1px">
<span class="success label" style="">C02020010</span>
</div>
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<!--a href="#" style="color:#B21329"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i></a-->
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<div class="small-12 columns" >
<h6 style="height:60px">MethylCap kit</h6>
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<li><strong>Fast & sensitive capture</strong> of methylated DNA</li>
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<h3>MBD-seq allows for detection of genomic regions with different CpG density</h3>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/mbd_results1.png" alt="MBD-sequencing results have been validated by bisulfite sequencing" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
<p><strong></strong></p>
<p><strong></strong><strong>F</strong><strong>igure 1.</strong> Using the MBD approach, two methylated regions were detected in different elution fractions according to their methylated CpG density (A). Low, Medium and High refer to the sequenced DNA from different elution fractions with increasing salt concentration. Methylated patterns of these two different methylated regions were validated by bisulfite conversion assay (B).</p>',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor® (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One μg of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP” (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 μg of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP’d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack” (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
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'name' => 'Transcriptome-wide mapping of 5-methylcytidine RNA modifications in bacteria, archaea, and yeast reveals m5C within archaeal mRNAs.',
'authors' => 'Edelheit S, Schwartz S, Mumbach MR, Wurtzel O, Sorek R',
'description' => 'The presence of 5-methylcytidine (m(5)C) in tRNA and rRNA molecules of a wide variety of organisms was first observed more than 40 years ago. However, detection of this modification was limited to specific, abundant, RNA species, due to the usage of low-throughput methods. To obtain a high resolution, systematic, and comprehensive transcriptome-wide overview of m(5)C across the three domains of life, we used bisulfite treatment on total RNA from both gram positive (B. subtilis) and gram negative (E. coli) bacteria, an archaeon (S. solfataricus) and a eukaryote (S. cerevisiae), followed by massively parallel sequencing. We were able to recover most previously documented m(5)C sites on rRNA in the four organisms, and identified several novel sites in yeast and archaeal rRNAs. Our analyses also allowed quantification of methylated m(5)C positions in 64 tRNAs in yeast and archaea, revealing stoichiometric differences between the methylation patterns of these organisms. Molecules of tRNAs in which m(5)C was absent were also discovered. Intriguingly, we detected m(5)C sites within archaeal mRNAs, and identified a consensus motif of AUCGANGU that directs methylation in S. solfataricus. Our results, which were validated using m(5)C-specific RNA immunoprecipitation, provide the first evidence for mRNA modifications in archaea, suggesting that this mode of post-transcriptional regulation extends beyond the eukaryotic domain.',
'date' => '2013-06-01',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825970',
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'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor® (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One μg of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP” (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 μg of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP’d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack” (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
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<p><em>Looking for hMeDIP-seq protocol? <a href="https://go.diagenode.com/l/928883/2022-01-07/2m1ht" target="_blank" title="Contact us">Contact us</a></em></p>
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<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Make your Bisulfite conversion now in only 60 minutes !</strong></p>
<p>Diagenode's Premium Bisulfite Kit rapidly converts DNA through bisulfite treatment. Our conversion reagent is added directly to DNA, requires no intermediate steps, and results in high yields of DNA ready for downstream analysis methods including PCR and Next-Generation Sequencing.</p>',
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<p> </p>
<div class="small-12 medium-4 large-4 columns"><center></center><center></center><center></center><center><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30429608" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/banners/banner-nature-publication-580.png" alt="Click here to read more about MeDIP " caption="false" width="80%" /></a></center></div>
<div class="small-12 medium-8 large-8 columns">
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Sensitive tumour detection and classification using plasma cell-free DNA methylomes<br /><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30429608" target="_blank">Read the publication</a></h3>
<h3 class="c-article-title u-h1" data-test="article-title" itemprop="name headline" style="text-align: justify;">Preparation of cfMeDIP-seq libraries for methylome profiling of plasma cell-free DNA<br /><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-019-0202-2" target="_blank" title="cfMeDIP-seq Nature Method">Read the method</a></h3>
</div>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<div class="row">
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<div class="small-12 medium-8 large-8 columns"><br />
<p>Perform <strong>MeDIP</strong> (<strong>Me</strong>thylated <strong>D</strong>NA <strong>I</strong>mmuno<strong>p</strong>recipitation) followed by qPCR or NGS to estimate DNA methylation status of your sample using a highly sensitive 5-methylcytosine antibody. Our MagMeDIP kit contains high quality reagents to get the highest enrichment of methylated DNA with an optimized user-friendly protocol.</p>
</div>
</div>
<h3><span>Features</span></h3>
<ul>
<li>Starting DNA amount: <strong>10 ng – 1 µg</strong></li>
<li>Content: <strong>all reagents included</strong> for DNA extraction, immunoprecipitation (including the 5-mC antibody, spike-in controls and their corresponding qPCR primer pairs) as well as DNA isolation after IP.</li>
<li>Application: <strong>qPCR</strong> and <strong>NGS</strong></li>
<li>Robust method, <strong>superior enrichment</strong>, and easy-to-use protocol</li>
<li><strong>High reproducibility</strong> between replicates and repetitive experiments</li>
<li>Compatible with <strong>all species </strong></li>
</ul>',
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'info1' => '<p>DNA methylation occurs primarily as 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), and the Diagenode MagMeDIP Kit takes advantage of a specific antibody targeting this 5-mC to immunoprecipitate methylated DNA, which can be thereafter directly analyzed by qPCR or Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS).</p>
<h3><span>How it works</span></h3>
<p>In brief, after the cell collection and lysis, the genomic DNA is extracted, sheared, and then denatured. In the next step the antibody directed against 5 methylcytosine and antibody binding beads are used for immunoselection and immunoprecipitation of methylated DNA fragments. Then, the IP’d methylated DNA is isolated and can be used for any subsequent analysis as qPCR, amplification, hybridization on microarrays or next generation sequencing.</p>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/MagMeDIP-workflow.png" width="70%" alt="5-methylcytosine" caption="false" /></center>
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<ul>
<li><strong>Complete kit</strong> including DNA extraction module, IP antibody and reagents, DNA isolation buffer</li>
<li><strong>Quality control of the IP:</strong> due to methylated and unmethylated DNA spike-in controls and their associated qPCR primers</li>
<li><strong>Easy to use</strong> with user-friendly magnetic beads and rack</li>
<li><strong>Highly validated protocol</strong></li>
<li>Automated protocol supplied</li>
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<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/fig1-magmedipkit.png" width="85%" alt="Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation" caption="false" /></center>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;"><em><strong>Figure 1.</strong> Immunoprecipitation results obtained with Diagenode MagMeDIP Kit</em></p>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;">MeDIP assays were performed manually using 1 µg or 50 ng gDNA from blood cells with the MagMeDIP kit (Diagenode). The IP was performed with the Methylated and Unmethylated spike-in controls included in the kit, together with the human DNA samples. The DNA was isolated/purified using DIB. Afterwards, qPCR was performed using the primer pairs included in this kit.</p>
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'info3' => '<p>For DNA methylation analysis on the whole genome, MagMeDIP kit can be coupled with Next-Generation Sequencing. To perform MeDIP-sequencing we recommend the following strategy:</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Choose a library preparation solution which is compatible with the starting amount of DNA you are planning to use (from 10 ng to 1 μg). It can be a home-made solution or a commercial one.</li>
<li>Choose the indexing system that fits your needs considering the following features:</li>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>Single-indexing, combinatorial dual-indexing or unique dual-indexing</li>
<li>Number of barcodes</li>
<li>Full-length adaptors containing the barcodes or barcoding at the final amplification step</li>
<li>Presence / absence of Unique Molecular Identifiers (for PCR duplicates removal)</li>
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<li>Standard library preparation protocols are compatible with double-stranded DNA only, therefore the first steps of the library preparation (end repair, A-tailing, adaptor ligation and clean-up) will have to be performed on sheared DNA, before the IP.</li>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>CAUTION:</strong> As the immunoprecipitation step occurs at the middle of the library preparation workflow, single-tube solutions for library preparation are usually not compatible with MeDIP-sequencing.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>For DNA isolation after the IP, we recommend using the <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/ipure-kit-v2-x24" title="IPure kit v2">IPure kit v2</a> (available separately, Cat. No. C03010014) instead of DNA isolation Buffer.</li>
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<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Perform library amplification after the DNA isolation following the standard protocol of the chosen library preparation solution.</li>
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<h3><span>MeDIP-seq workflow</span></h3>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/MeDIP-seq-workflow.png" width="110%" alt="MagMeDIP qPCR Kit x10 workflow" caption="false" /></center>
<h3><span>Example of results</span></h3>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/medip-specificity.png" alt="MagMeDIP qPCR Kit Result" caption="false" width="951" height="488" /></center>
<p></p>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;"><strong>Figure 1. qPCR analysis of external spike-in DNA controls (methylated and unmethylated) after IP.</strong> Samples were prepared using 1μg – 100ng -10ng sheared human gDNA with the MagMeDIP kit (Diagenode) and a commercially available library prep kit. DNA isolation after IP has been performed with IPure kit V2 (Diagenode).</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/medip-saturation-analysis.png" alt=" MagMeDIP kit " caption="false" width="951" height="461" /></center>
<p></p>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;"><strong>Figure 2. Saturation analysis.</strong> Clean reads were aligned to the human genome (hg19) using Burrows-Wheeler aligner (BWA) algorithm after which duplicated and unmapped reads were removed resulting in a mapping efficiency >98% for all samples. Quality and validity check of the mapped MeDIP-seq data was performed using MEDIPS R package. Saturation plots show that all sets of reads have sufficient complexity and depth to saturate the coverage profile of the reference genome and that this is reproducible between replicates and repetitive experiments (data shown for 50 ng gDNA input: left panel = replicate a, right panel = replicate b).</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/medip-libraries-prep.png" alt="MagMeDIP x10 " caption="false" width="951" height="708" /></center>
<p></p>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;"><strong>Figure 3. Sequencing profiles of MeDIP-seq libraries prepared from different starting amounts of sheared gDNA on the positive and negative methylated control regions.</strong> MeDIP-seq libraries were prepared from decreasing starting amounts of gDNA (1 μg (green), 50 ng (red), and 10ng (blue)) originating from human blood with the MagMeDIP kit (Diagenode) and a commercially available library prep kit. DNA isolation after IP has been performed with IPure kit V2 (Diagenode). IP and corresponding INPUT samples were sequenced on Illumina NovaSeq SP with 2x50 PE reads. The reads were mapped to the human genome (hg19) with bwa and the alignments were loaded into IGV (the tracks use an identical scale). The top IGV figure shows the TSH2B (also known as H2BC1) gene (marked by blue boxes in the bottom track) and its surroundings. The TSH2B gene is coding for a histone variant that does not occur in blood cells, and it is known to be silenced by methylation. Accordingly, we see a high coverage in the vicinity of this gene. The bottom IGV figure shows the GADPH locus (marked by blue boxes in the bottom track) and its surroundings. The GADPH gene is a highly active transcription region and should not be methylated, resulting in no reads accumulation following MeDIP-seq experiment.</p>
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<h3>MBD-seq allows for detection of genomic regions with different CpG density</h3>
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<p><strong></strong></p>
<p><strong></strong><strong>F</strong><strong>igure 1.</strong> Using the MBD approach, two methylated regions were detected in different elution fractions according to their methylated CpG density (A). Low, Medium and High refer to the sequenced DNA from different elution fractions with increasing salt concentration. Methylated patterns of these two different methylated regions were validated by bisulfite conversion assay (B).</p>',
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'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">T</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">he pattern of <strong>DNA modifications</strong> is critical for genome stability and the control of gene expression in the cell. Methylation of 5-cytosine (5-mC), one of the best-studied epigenetic marks, is carried out by the <strong>DNA methyltransferases</strong> DNMT3A and B and DNMT1. DNMT3A and DNMT3B are responsible for </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">de novo</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> DNA methylation, whereas DNMT1 maintains existing methylation. 5-mC undergoes active demethylation which is performed by the <strong>Ten-Eleven Translocation</strong> (TET) familly of DNA hydroxylases. The latter consists of 3 members TET1, 2 and 3. All 3 members catalyze the conversion of <strong>5-methylcytosine</strong> (5-mC) into <strong>5-hydroxymethylcytosine</strong> (5-hmC), and further into <strong>5-formylcytosine</strong> (5-fC) and <strong>5-carboxycytosine</strong> (5-caC). 5-fC and 5-caC can be converted to unmodified cytosine by <strong>Thymine DNA Glycosylase</strong> (TDG). It is not yet clear if 5-hmC, 5-fC and 5-caC have specific functions or are simply intermediates in the demethylation of 5-mC.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">DNA methylation is generally considered as a repressive mark and is usually associated with gene silencing. It is essential that the balance between DNA methylation and demethylation is precisely maintained. Dysregulation of DNA methylation may lead to many different human diseases and is often observed in cancer cells.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode offers highly validated antibodies against different proteins involved in DNA modifications as well as against the modified bases allowing the study of all steps and intermediates in the DNA methylation/demethylation pathway:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/dna-methylation.jpg" height="599" width="816" /></p>
<p><strong>Diagenode exclusively sources the original 5-methylcytosine monoclonal antibody (clone 33D3).</strong></p>
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<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
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'description' => '<p>Cytosine hydroxymethylation was recently discovered as an important epigenetic mechanism. This cytosine base modification results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) by the TET family of oxygenases. Though the precise role of 5-hmC is the subject of intense research and debate, early studies strongly indicate that it is also involved in gene regulation and in numerous important biological processes including embryonic development, cellular differentiation, stem cell reprogramming and carcinogenesis.</p>
<p>The study of 5-hmC has long been limited due to the lack of high quality, validated tools and technologies that discriminate hydroxymethylation from methylation in regulating gene expression. The use of highly specific antibodies against 5-hmC for the immunoprecipitation of hydroxymethylated DNA offers a reliable solution for hydroxymethylation profiling.</p>
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'name' => 'DNA methylation dynamics underlie metamorphic gene regulation programs in Xenopus tadpole brain.',
'authors' => 'Kyono Y, Raj S, Sifuentes CJ, Buisine N, Sachs L, Denver RJ',
'description' => '<p>Methylation of cytosine residues in DNA influences chromatin structure and gene transcription, and its regulation is crucial for brain development. There is mounting evidence that DNA methylation can be modulated by hormone signaling. We analyzed genome-wide changes in DNA methylation and their relationship to gene regulation in the brain of Xenopus tadpoles during metamorphosis, a thyroid hormone-dependent developmental process. We studied the region of the tadpole brain containing neurosecretory neurons that control pituitary hormone secretion, a region that is highly responsive to thyroid hormone action. Using Methylated DNA Capture sequencing (MethylCap-seq) we discovered a diverse landscape of DNA methylation across the tadpole neural cell genome, and pairwise stage comparisons identified several thousand differentially methylated regions (DMRs). During the pre-to pro-metamorphic period, the number of DMRs was lowest (1,163), with demethylation predominating. From pre-metamorphosis to metamorphic climax DMRs nearly doubled (2,204), with methylation predominating. The largest changes in DNA methylation were seen from metamorphic climax to the completion of metamorphosis (2960 DMRs), with 80% of the DMRs representing demethylation. Using RNA sequencing, we found negative correlations between differentially expressed genes and DMRs localized to gene bodies and regions upstream of transcription start sites. DNA demethylation at metamorphosis revealed by MethylCap-seq was corroborated by increased immunoreactivity for the DNA demethylation intermediates 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-carboxymethylcytosine, and the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten eleven translocation 3 that catalyzes DNA demethylation. Our findings show that the genome of tadpole neural cells undergoes significant changes in DNA methylation during metamorphosis, and these changes likely influence chromatin architecture, and gene regulation programs occurring during this developmental period.</p>',
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'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine marks postmitotic neural cells in the adult and developing vertebrate central nervous system',
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'description' => '<p>The epigenetic mark 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a cytosine modification that is abundant in the central nervous system of mammals and which results from 5-methylcytosine oxidation by TET enzymes. Such a mark is suggested to play key roles in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. However, its precise functions still remain poorly understood and information about its distribution in non-mammalian species is still lacking. Here, the distribution of 5hmC was investigated in the brain of adult zebrafish, African claw frog, and mouse in a comparative manner. We show that zebrafish neurons are endowed with high levels of 5hmC, whereas quiescent or proliferative neural progenitors show low to undetectable levels of the modified cytosine. In the brain of larval and juvenile Xenopus, 5hmC is also detected in neurons, while ventricular proliferative cells do not display this epigenetic mark. Similarly, 5hmC is enriched in neurons compared to neural progenitors of the ventricular zone in the mouse developing cortex. Interestingly, 5hmC colocalized with the methylated DNA binding protein MeCP2 and with the active chromatin histone modification H3K4me2 in mouse neurons. Taken together, our results show an evolutionarily conserved cerebral distribution of 5hmC between fish and tetrapods and reinforce the idea that 5hmC fulfills major functions in the control of chromatin activity in vertebrate neurons.</p>',
'date' => '2016-07-14',
'pmid' => 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27414756',
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'name' => 'Transcriptome-wide mapping of 5-methylcytidine RNA modifications in bacteria, archaea, and yeast reveals m5C within archaeal mRNAs.',
'authors' => 'Edelheit S, Schwartz S, Mumbach MR, Wurtzel O, Sorek R',
'description' => 'The presence of 5-methylcytidine (m(5)C) in tRNA and rRNA molecules of a wide variety of organisms was first observed more than 40 years ago. However, detection of this modification was limited to specific, abundant, RNA species, due to the usage of low-throughput methods. To obtain a high resolution, systematic, and comprehensive transcriptome-wide overview of m(5)C across the three domains of life, we used bisulfite treatment on total RNA from both gram positive (B. subtilis) and gram negative (E. coli) bacteria, an archaeon (S. solfataricus) and a eukaryote (S. cerevisiae), followed by massively parallel sequencing. We were able to recover most previously documented m(5)C sites on rRNA in the four organisms, and identified several novel sites in yeast and archaeal rRNAs. Our analyses also allowed quantification of methylated m(5)C positions in 64 tRNAs in yeast and archaea, revealing stoichiometric differences between the methylation patterns of these organisms. Molecules of tRNAs in which m(5)C was absent were also discovered. Intriguingly, we detected m(5)C sites within archaeal mRNAs, and identified a consensus motif of AUCGANGU that directs methylation in S. solfataricus. Our results, which were validated using m(5)C-specific RNA immunoprecipitation, provide the first evidence for mRNA modifications in archaea, suggesting that this mode of post-transcriptional regulation extends beyond the eukaryotic domain.',
'date' => '2013-06-01',
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'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor® (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One μg of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP” (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 μg of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP’d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack” (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor® (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One μg of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP” (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 μg of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP’d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack” (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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'
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'description' => '<p>The MethylCap kit allows to specifically capture DNA fragments containing methylated CpGs. The assay is based on the affinity purification of methylated DNA using methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) of human MeCP2 protein. The procedure has been adapted to both manual process or <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/sx-8g-ip-star-compact-automated-system-1-unit">IP-Star® Compact Automated System</a>. Libraries of captured methylated DNA can be prepared for next-generation sequencing (NGS) by combining MBD technology with the <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/microplex-lib-prep-kit-v3-48-rxns">MicroPlex Library Preparation Kit v3</a>.</p>',
'label1' => 'Characteristics',
'info1' => '<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Fast & sensitive capture</strong> of methylated DNA</li>
<li><strong>High capture efficiency</strong></li>
<li><strong>Differential fractionation</strong> of methylated DNA by CpG density (3 eluted fractions)</li>
<li><strong>On-day protocol</strong></li>
<li><strong>NGS compatibility</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>MBD-seq allows for detection of genomic regions with different CpG density</h3>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/mbd_results1.png" alt="MBD-sequencing results have been validated by bisulfite sequencing" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
<p><strong></strong></p>
<p><strong></strong><strong>F</strong><strong>igure 1.</strong> Using the MBD approach, two methylated regions were detected in different elution fractions according to their methylated CpG density (A). Low, Medium and High refer to the sequenced DNA from different elution fractions with increasing salt concentration. Methylated patterns of these two different methylated regions were validated by bisulfite conversion assay (B).</p>',
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'format' => '48 rxns',
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'type' => 'RFR',
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'price_EUR' => '740',
'price_USD' => '695',
'price_GBP' => '675',
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'country' => 'ALL',
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'slug' => 'methylcap-kit-x48-48-rxns',
'meta_title' => 'MethylCap kit x48',
'meta_keywords' => '',
'meta_description' => 'MethylCap kit x48',
'modified' => '2024-11-21 06:38:46',
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$other_format = array(
'id' => '2677',
'antibody_id' => '35',
'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
'label1' => 'Validation Data',
'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor® (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One μg of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP” (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 μg of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP’d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack” (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
'label2' => 'Target description',
'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
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'info3' => '',
'format' => '50 μg',
'catalog_number' => 'C15410205',
'old_catalog_number' => 'pAb-HMC-050',
'sf_code' => 'C15410205-D001-000581',
'type' => 'FRE',
'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
'price_EUR' => '380',
'price_USD' => '380',
'price_GBP' => '340',
'price_JPY' => '59525',
'price_CNY' => '',
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'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-50-ug',
'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,Polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit) validated in hMeDIP, DB and ELISA. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:44:20',
'created' => '2015-07-31 14:55:13'
)
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$application = array(
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'position' => '10',
'parent_id' => '40',
'name' => 'ELISA',
'description' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 medium-12 large-12 columns">Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</div>
</div>',
'in_footer' => false,
'in_menu' => false,
'online' => true,
'tabular' => true,
'slug' => 'elisa-antibodies',
'meta_keywords' => ' ELISA Antibodies,Monoclonal antibody, Polyclonal antibody',
'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibodies for ELISA applications',
'meta_title' => 'ELISA Antibodies - Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibody | Diagenode',
'modified' => '2016-01-13 12:21:41',
'created' => '2014-07-08 08:13:28',
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<div class="small-12 medium-12 large-12 columns">Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</div>
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'in_menu' => false,
'online' => true,
'tabular' => true,
'slug' => 'elisa-antibodies',
'meta_keywords' => ' ELISA Antibodies,Monoclonal antibody, Polyclonal antibody',
'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibodies for ELISA applications',
'meta_title' => 'ELISA Antibodies - Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibody | Diagenode',
'modified' => '2016-01-13 12:21:41',
'created' => '2014-07-08 08:13:28',
'locale' => 'eng'
)
$description = '<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 medium-12 large-12 columns">Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</div>
</div>'
$name = 'ELISA'
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'id' => '682',
'name' => 'Datasheet 5hmC pAb-HMC-050',
'description' => '<p>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</p>',
'image_id' => null,
'type' => 'Datasheet',
'url' => 'files/products/antibodies/Datasheet_5hmC_pAb-HMC-050.pdf',
'slug' => 'datasheet-5hmc-pab-hmc-050',
'meta_keywords' => '',
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack” (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
'label2' => 'Target description',
'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
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'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
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'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit) validated in hMeDIP, DB and ELISA. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
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<p><span>The hMeDIP kit is designed for enrichment of hydroxymethylated DNA from fragmented genomic DNA<span><span> </span>samples for use in genome-wide methylation analysis. It features</span></span><span> a highly specific monoclonal antibody against </span>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) for the immunoprecipitation of hydroxymethylated DNA<span>. It includes control DNA and primers to assess the effiency of the assay. </span>Performing hydroxymethylation profiling with the hMeDIP kit is fast, reliable and highly specific.</p>
<p><em>Looking for hMeDIP-seq protocol? <a href="https://go.diagenode.com/l/928883/2022-01-07/2m1ht" target="_blank" title="Contact us">Contact us</a></em></p>
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<li>Improved single-tube, magnetic bead-based protocol</li>
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<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Make your Bisulfite conversion now in only 60 minutes !</strong></p>
<p>Diagenode's Premium Bisulfite Kit rapidly converts DNA through bisulfite treatment. Our conversion reagent is added directly to DNA, requires no intermediate steps, and results in high yields of DNA ready for downstream analysis methods including PCR and Next-Generation Sequencing.</p>',
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<p> </p>
<div class="small-12 medium-4 large-4 columns"><center></center><center></center><center></center><center><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30429608" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/banners/banner-nature-publication-580.png" alt="Click here to read more about MeDIP " caption="false" width="80%" /></a></center></div>
<div class="small-12 medium-8 large-8 columns">
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Sensitive tumour detection and classification using plasma cell-free DNA methylomes<br /><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30429608" target="_blank">Read the publication</a></h3>
<h3 class="c-article-title u-h1" data-test="article-title" itemprop="name headline" style="text-align: justify;">Preparation of cfMeDIP-seq libraries for methylome profiling of plasma cell-free DNA<br /><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-019-0202-2" target="_blank" title="cfMeDIP-seq Nature Method">Read the method</a></h3>
</div>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-8 large-8 columns"><br />
<p>Perform <strong>MeDIP</strong> (<strong>Me</strong>thylated <strong>D</strong>NA <strong>I</strong>mmuno<strong>p</strong>recipitation) followed by qPCR or NGS to estimate DNA methylation status of your sample using a highly sensitive 5-methylcytosine antibody. Our MagMeDIP kit contains high quality reagents to get the highest enrichment of methylated DNA with an optimized user-friendly protocol.</p>
</div>
</div>
<h3><span>Features</span></h3>
<ul>
<li>Starting DNA amount: <strong>10 ng – 1 µg</strong></li>
<li>Content: <strong>all reagents included</strong> for DNA extraction, immunoprecipitation (including the 5-mC antibody, spike-in controls and their corresponding qPCR primer pairs) as well as DNA isolation after IP.</li>
<li>Application: <strong>qPCR</strong> and <strong>NGS</strong></li>
<li>Robust method, <strong>superior enrichment</strong>, and easy-to-use protocol</li>
<li><strong>High reproducibility</strong> between replicates and repetitive experiments</li>
<li>Compatible with <strong>all species </strong></li>
</ul>',
'label1' => 'MagMeDIP workflow',
'info1' => '<p>DNA methylation occurs primarily as 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), and the Diagenode MagMeDIP Kit takes advantage of a specific antibody targeting this 5-mC to immunoprecipitate methylated DNA, which can be thereafter directly analyzed by qPCR or Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS).</p>
<h3><span>How it works</span></h3>
<p>In brief, after the cell collection and lysis, the genomic DNA is extracted, sheared, and then denatured. In the next step the antibody directed against 5 methylcytosine and antibody binding beads are used for immunoselection and immunoprecipitation of methylated DNA fragments. Then, the IP’d methylated DNA is isolated and can be used for any subsequent analysis as qPCR, amplification, hybridization on microarrays or next generation sequencing.</p>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/MagMeDIP-workflow.png" width="70%" alt="5-methylcytosine" caption="false" /></center>
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'label2' => 'MeDIP-qPCR',
'info2' => '<p>The kit MagMeDIP contains all reagents necessary for a complete MeDIP-qPCR workflow. Two MagMeDIP protocols have been validated: for manual processing as well as for automated processing, using the Diagenode’s IP-Star Compact Automated System (please refer to the kit manual).</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Complete kit</strong> including DNA extraction module, IP antibody and reagents, DNA isolation buffer</li>
<li><strong>Quality control of the IP:</strong> due to methylated and unmethylated DNA spike-in controls and their associated qPCR primers</li>
<li><strong>Easy to use</strong> with user-friendly magnetic beads and rack</li>
<li><strong>Highly validated protocol</strong></li>
<li>Automated protocol supplied</li>
</ul>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/fig1-magmedipkit.png" width="85%" alt="Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation" caption="false" /></center>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;"><em><strong>Figure 1.</strong> Immunoprecipitation results obtained with Diagenode MagMeDIP Kit</em></p>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;">MeDIP assays were performed manually using 1 µg or 50 ng gDNA from blood cells with the MagMeDIP kit (Diagenode). The IP was performed with the Methylated and Unmethylated spike-in controls included in the kit, together with the human DNA samples. The DNA was isolated/purified using DIB. Afterwards, qPCR was performed using the primer pairs included in this kit.</p>
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'label3' => 'MeDIP-seq',
'info3' => '<p>For DNA methylation analysis on the whole genome, MagMeDIP kit can be coupled with Next-Generation Sequencing. To perform MeDIP-sequencing we recommend the following strategy:</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Choose a library preparation solution which is compatible with the starting amount of DNA you are planning to use (from 10 ng to 1 μg). It can be a home-made solution or a commercial one.</li>
<li>Choose the indexing system that fits your needs considering the following features:</li>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>Single-indexing, combinatorial dual-indexing or unique dual-indexing</li>
<li>Number of barcodes</li>
<li>Full-length adaptors containing the barcodes or barcoding at the final amplification step</li>
<li>Presence / absence of Unique Molecular Identifiers (for PCR duplicates removal)</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li>Standard library preparation protocols are compatible with double-stranded DNA only, therefore the first steps of the library preparation (end repair, A-tailing, adaptor ligation and clean-up) will have to be performed on sheared DNA, before the IP.</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>CAUTION:</strong> As the immunoprecipitation step occurs at the middle of the library preparation workflow, single-tube solutions for library preparation are usually not compatible with MeDIP-sequencing.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>For DNA isolation after the IP, we recommend using the <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/ipure-kit-v2-x24" title="IPure kit v2">IPure kit v2</a> (available separately, Cat. No. C03010014) instead of DNA isolation Buffer.</li>
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<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Perform library amplification after the DNA isolation following the standard protocol of the chosen library preparation solution.</li>
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<h3><span>MeDIP-seq workflow</span></h3>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/MeDIP-seq-workflow.png" width="110%" alt="MagMeDIP qPCR Kit x10 workflow" caption="false" /></center>
<h3><span>Example of results</span></h3>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/medip-specificity.png" alt="MagMeDIP qPCR Kit Result" caption="false" width="951" height="488" /></center>
<p></p>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;"><strong>Figure 1. qPCR analysis of external spike-in DNA controls (methylated and unmethylated) after IP.</strong> Samples were prepared using 1μg – 100ng -10ng sheared human gDNA with the MagMeDIP kit (Diagenode) and a commercially available library prep kit. DNA isolation after IP has been performed with IPure kit V2 (Diagenode).</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/medip-saturation-analysis.png" alt=" MagMeDIP kit " caption="false" width="951" height="461" /></center>
<p></p>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;"><strong>Figure 2. Saturation analysis.</strong> Clean reads were aligned to the human genome (hg19) using Burrows-Wheeler aligner (BWA) algorithm after which duplicated and unmapped reads were removed resulting in a mapping efficiency >98% for all samples. Quality and validity check of the mapped MeDIP-seq data was performed using MEDIPS R package. Saturation plots show that all sets of reads have sufficient complexity and depth to saturate the coverage profile of the reference genome and that this is reproducible between replicates and repetitive experiments (data shown for 50 ng gDNA input: left panel = replicate a, right panel = replicate b).</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/medip-libraries-prep.png" alt="MagMeDIP x10 " caption="false" width="951" height="708" /></center>
<p></p>
<p style="font-size: 0.9em;"><strong>Figure 3. Sequencing profiles of MeDIP-seq libraries prepared from different starting amounts of sheared gDNA on the positive and negative methylated control regions.</strong> MeDIP-seq libraries were prepared from decreasing starting amounts of gDNA (1 μg (green), 50 ng (red), and 10ng (blue)) originating from human blood with the MagMeDIP kit (Diagenode) and a commercially available library prep kit. DNA isolation after IP has been performed with IPure kit V2 (Diagenode). IP and corresponding INPUT samples were sequenced on Illumina NovaSeq SP with 2x50 PE reads. The reads were mapped to the human genome (hg19) with bwa and the alignments were loaded into IGV (the tracks use an identical scale). The top IGV figure shows the TSH2B (also known as H2BC1) gene (marked by blue boxes in the bottom track) and its surroundings. The TSH2B gene is coding for a histone variant that does not occur in blood cells, and it is known to be silenced by methylation. Accordingly, we see a high coverage in the vicinity of this gene. The bottom IGV figure shows the GADPH locus (marked by blue boxes in the bottom track) and its surroundings. The GADPH gene is a highly active transcription region and should not be methylated, resulting in no reads accumulation following MeDIP-seq experiment.</p>
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'description' => '<p>The Auto MethylCap kit allows to specifically capture DNA fragments containing methylated CpGs. The assay is based on the affinity purification of methylated DNA using methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) of human MeCP2 protein. This procedure has been optimized to perform automated immunoprecipitation of chromatin using the <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/sx-8g-ip-star-compact-automated-system-1-unit">IP-Star® Compact Automated System</a> enabling highly reproducible results and allowing for high throughput.</p>',
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<li><strong>Fast & sensitive capture</strong> of methylated DNA</li>
<li><strong>High capture efficiency</strong></li>
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<li><strong>Automation compatibility</strong><strong></strong>
<h3>MBD-seq allows for detection of genomic regions with different CpG density</h3>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/mbd_results1.png" alt="MBD-sequencing results have been validated by bisulfite sequencing" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
<p><strong>F</strong><strong>igure 1.</strong><span> </span>Using the MBD approach, two methylated regions were detected in different elution fractions according to their methylated CpG density (A). Low, Medium and High refer to the sequenced DNA from different elution fractions with increasing salt concentration. Methylated patterns of these two different methylated regions were validated by bisulfite conversion assay (B).<br /><strong></strong></p>
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'description' => '<p>The MethylCap kit allows to specifically capture DNA fragments containing methylated CpGs. The assay is based on the affinity purification of methylated DNA using methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) of human MeCP2 protein. The procedure has been adapted to both manual process or <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/sx-8g-ip-star-compact-automated-system-1-unit">IP-Star® Compact Automated System</a>. Libraries of captured methylated DNA can be prepared for next-generation sequencing (NGS) by combining MBD technology with the <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/microplex-lib-prep-kit-v3-48-rxns">MicroPlex Library Preparation Kit v3</a>.</p>',
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<li><strong>Fast & sensitive capture</strong> of methylated DNA</li>
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<h3>MBD-seq allows for detection of genomic regions with different CpG density</h3>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/mbd_results1.png" alt="MBD-sequencing results have been validated by bisulfite sequencing" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
<p><strong></strong></p>
<p><strong></strong><strong>F</strong><strong>igure 1.</strong> Using the MBD approach, two methylated regions were detected in different elution fractions according to their methylated CpG density (A). Low, Medium and High refer to the sequenced DNA from different elution fractions with increasing salt concentration. Methylated patterns of these two different methylated regions were validated by bisulfite conversion assay (B).</p>',
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'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">T</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">he pattern of <strong>DNA modifications</strong> is critical for genome stability and the control of gene expression in the cell. Methylation of 5-cytosine (5-mC), one of the best-studied epigenetic marks, is carried out by the <strong>DNA methyltransferases</strong> DNMT3A and B and DNMT1. DNMT3A and DNMT3B are responsible for </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">de novo</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> DNA methylation, whereas DNMT1 maintains existing methylation. 5-mC undergoes active demethylation which is performed by the <strong>Ten-Eleven Translocation</strong> (TET) familly of DNA hydroxylases. The latter consists of 3 members TET1, 2 and 3. All 3 members catalyze the conversion of <strong>5-methylcytosine</strong> (5-mC) into <strong>5-hydroxymethylcytosine</strong> (5-hmC), and further into <strong>5-formylcytosine</strong> (5-fC) and <strong>5-carboxycytosine</strong> (5-caC). 5-fC and 5-caC can be converted to unmodified cytosine by <strong>Thymine DNA Glycosylase</strong> (TDG). It is not yet clear if 5-hmC, 5-fC and 5-caC have specific functions or are simply intermediates in the demethylation of 5-mC.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">DNA methylation is generally considered as a repressive mark and is usually associated with gene silencing. It is essential that the balance between DNA methylation and demethylation is precisely maintained. Dysregulation of DNA methylation may lead to many different human diseases and is often observed in cancer cells.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode offers highly validated antibodies against different proteins involved in DNA modifications as well as against the modified bases allowing the study of all steps and intermediates in the DNA methylation/demethylation pathway:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/dna-methylation.jpg" height="599" width="816" /></p>
<p><strong>Diagenode exclusively sources the original 5-methylcytosine monoclonal antibody (clone 33D3).</strong></p>
<p>Check out the list below to see all proposed antibodies for DNA modifications.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</p>
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<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
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'description' => '<p>Cytosine hydroxymethylation was recently discovered as an important epigenetic mechanism. This cytosine base modification results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) by the TET family of oxygenases. Though the precise role of 5-hmC is the subject of intense research and debate, early studies strongly indicate that it is also involved in gene regulation and in numerous important biological processes including embryonic development, cellular differentiation, stem cell reprogramming and carcinogenesis.</p>
<p>The study of 5-hmC has long been limited due to the lack of high quality, validated tools and technologies that discriminate hydroxymethylation from methylation in regulating gene expression. The use of highly specific antibodies against 5-hmC for the immunoprecipitation of hydroxymethylated DNA offers a reliable solution for hydroxymethylation profiling.</p>
<p></p>',
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'name' => 'DNA methylation dynamics underlie metamorphic gene regulation programs in Xenopus tadpole brain.',
'authors' => 'Kyono Y, Raj S, Sifuentes CJ, Buisine N, Sachs L, Denver RJ',
'description' => '<p>Methylation of cytosine residues in DNA influences chromatin structure and gene transcription, and its regulation is crucial for brain development. There is mounting evidence that DNA methylation can be modulated by hormone signaling. We analyzed genome-wide changes in DNA methylation and their relationship to gene regulation in the brain of Xenopus tadpoles during metamorphosis, a thyroid hormone-dependent developmental process. We studied the region of the tadpole brain containing neurosecretory neurons that control pituitary hormone secretion, a region that is highly responsive to thyroid hormone action. Using Methylated DNA Capture sequencing (MethylCap-seq) we discovered a diverse landscape of DNA methylation across the tadpole neural cell genome, and pairwise stage comparisons identified several thousand differentially methylated regions (DMRs). During the pre-to pro-metamorphic period, the number of DMRs was lowest (1,163), with demethylation predominating. From pre-metamorphosis to metamorphic climax DMRs nearly doubled (2,204), with methylation predominating. The largest changes in DNA methylation were seen from metamorphic climax to the completion of metamorphosis (2960 DMRs), with 80% of the DMRs representing demethylation. Using RNA sequencing, we found negative correlations between differentially expressed genes and DMRs localized to gene bodies and regions upstream of transcription start sites. DNA demethylation at metamorphosis revealed by MethylCap-seq was corroborated by increased immunoreactivity for the DNA demethylation intermediates 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-carboxymethylcytosine, and the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten eleven translocation 3 that catalyzes DNA demethylation. Our findings show that the genome of tadpole neural cells undergoes significant changes in DNA methylation during metamorphosis, and these changes likely influence chromatin architecture, and gene regulation programs occurring during this developmental period.</p>',
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'description' => '<p>The epigenetic mark 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a cytosine modification that is abundant in the central nervous system of mammals and which results from 5-methylcytosine oxidation by TET enzymes. Such a mark is suggested to play key roles in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. However, its precise functions still remain poorly understood and information about its distribution in non-mammalian species is still lacking. Here, the distribution of 5hmC was investigated in the brain of adult zebrafish, African claw frog, and mouse in a comparative manner. We show that zebrafish neurons are endowed with high levels of 5hmC, whereas quiescent or proliferative neural progenitors show low to undetectable levels of the modified cytosine. In the brain of larval and juvenile Xenopus, 5hmC is also detected in neurons, while ventricular proliferative cells do not display this epigenetic mark. Similarly, 5hmC is enriched in neurons compared to neural progenitors of the ventricular zone in the mouse developing cortex. Interestingly, 5hmC colocalized with the methylated DNA binding protein MeCP2 and with the active chromatin histone modification H3K4me2 in mouse neurons. Taken together, our results show an evolutionarily conserved cerebral distribution of 5hmC between fish and tetrapods and reinforce the idea that 5hmC fulfills major functions in the control of chromatin activity in vertebrate neurons.</p>',
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'name' => 'Transcriptome-wide mapping of 5-methylcytidine RNA modifications in bacteria, archaea, and yeast reveals m5C within archaeal mRNAs.',
'authors' => 'Edelheit S, Schwartz S, Mumbach MR, Wurtzel O, Sorek R',
'description' => 'The presence of 5-methylcytidine (m(5)C) in tRNA and rRNA molecules of a wide variety of organisms was first observed more than 40 years ago. However, detection of this modification was limited to specific, abundant, RNA species, due to the usage of low-throughput methods. To obtain a high resolution, systematic, and comprehensive transcriptome-wide overview of m(5)C across the three domains of life, we used bisulfite treatment on total RNA from both gram positive (B. subtilis) and gram negative (E. coli) bacteria, an archaeon (S. solfataricus) and a eukaryote (S. cerevisiae), followed by massively parallel sequencing. We were able to recover most previously documented m(5)C sites on rRNA in the four organisms, and identified several novel sites in yeast and archaeal rRNAs. Our analyses also allowed quantification of methylated m(5)C positions in 64 tRNAs in yeast and archaea, revealing stoichiometric differences between the methylation patterns of these organisms. Molecules of tRNAs in which m(5)C was absent were also discovered. Intriguingly, we detected m(5)C sites within archaeal mRNAs, and identified a consensus motif of AUCGANGU that directs methylation in S. solfataricus. Our results, which were validated using m(5)C-specific RNA immunoprecipitation, provide the first evidence for mRNA modifications in archaea, suggesting that this mode of post-transcriptional regulation extends beyond the eukaryotic domain.',
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'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor® (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One μg of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP” (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 μg of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP’d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack” (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
'label2' => 'Target description',
'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
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'format' => '50 μg',
'catalog_number' => 'C15410205',
'old_catalog_number' => 'pAb-HMC-050',
'sf_code' => 'C15410205-D001-000581',
'type' => 'FRE',
'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
'price_EUR' => '380',
'price_USD' => '380',
'price_GBP' => '340',
'price_JPY' => '59525',
'price_CNY' => '',
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'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-50-ug',
'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,Polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit) validated in hMeDIP, DB and ELISA. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:44:20',
'created' => '2015-07-31 14:55:13'
)
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$pro = array(
'id' => '2281',
'antibody_id' => '35',
'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
'label1' => 'Validation Data',
'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor® (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One μg of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP” (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 μg of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP’d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack” (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
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'label1' => 'Characteristics',
'info1' => '<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Fast & sensitive capture</strong> of methylated DNA</li>
<li><strong>High capture efficiency</strong></li>
<li><strong>Differential fractionation</strong> of methylated DNA by CpG density (3 eluted fractions)</li>
<li><strong>On-day protocol</strong></li>
<li><strong>NGS compatibility</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>MBD-seq allows for detection of genomic regions with different CpG density</h3>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/kits/mbd_results1.png" alt="MBD-sequencing results have been validated by bisulfite sequencing" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
<p><strong></strong></p>
<p><strong></strong><strong>F</strong><strong>igure 1.</strong> Using the MBD approach, two methylated regions were detected in different elution fractions according to their methylated CpG density (A). Low, Medium and High refer to the sequenced DNA from different elution fractions with increasing salt concentration. Methylated patterns of these two different methylated regions were validated by bisulfite conversion assay (B).</p>',
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'format' => '48 rxns',
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'modified' => '2024-11-21 06:38:46',
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$old_catalog_number = ' <span style="color:#CCC">(pAb-HMC-050)</span>'
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'id' => '2677',
'antibody_id' => '35',
'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
'label1' => 'Validation Data',
'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor® (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One μg of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP” (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 μg of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP’d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode “5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack” (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
'label2' => 'Target description',
'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
'label3' => '',
'info3' => '',
'format' => '50 μg',
'catalog_number' => 'C15410205',
'old_catalog_number' => 'pAb-HMC-050',
'sf_code' => 'C15410205-D001-000581',
'type' => 'FRE',
'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
'price_EUR' => '380',
'price_USD' => '380',
'price_GBP' => '340',
'price_JPY' => '59525',
'price_CNY' => '',
'price_AUD' => '950',
'country' => 'ALL',
'except_countries' => 'None',
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'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-50-ug',
'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,Polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit) validated in hMeDIP, DB and ELISA. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:44:20',
'created' => '2015-07-31 14:55:13'
)
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<div class="small-12 medium-12 large-12 columns">Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</div>
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'meta_title' => 'ELISA Antibodies - Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibody | Diagenode',
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<div class="small-12 medium-12 large-12 columns">Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</div>
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'slug' => 'elisa-antibodies',
'meta_keywords' => ' ELISA Antibodies,Monoclonal antibody, Polyclonal antibody',
'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibodies for ELISA applications',
'meta_title' => 'ELISA Antibodies - Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibody | Diagenode',
'modified' => '2016-01-13 12:21:41',
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'locale' => 'eng'
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<div class="small-12 medium-12 large-12 columns">Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</div>
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'name' => 'Datasheet 5hmC pAb-HMC-050',
'description' => '<p>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</p>',
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'type' => 'Datasheet',
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'name' => 'SDS C15410205 5-hydroxymethylcytosine 5-hmC Antibody rabbit BE nl',
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'url' => 'files/SDS/5-hmC/SDS-C15410205-5-hydroxymethylcytosine_5-hmC_Antibody_rabbit_-BE-nl-GHS_2_0-1.pdf',
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'id' => '1449',
'name' => 'Transcriptome-wide mapping of 5-methylcytidine RNA modifications in bacteria, archaea, and yeast reveals m5C within archaeal mRNAs.',
'authors' => 'Edelheit S, Schwartz S, Mumbach MR, Wurtzel O, Sorek R',
'description' => 'The presence of 5-methylcytidine (m(5)C) in tRNA and rRNA molecules of a wide variety of organisms was first observed more than 40 years ago. However, detection of this modification was limited to specific, abundant, RNA species, due to the usage of low-throughput methods. To obtain a high resolution, systematic, and comprehensive transcriptome-wide overview of m(5)C across the three domains of life, we used bisulfite treatment on total RNA from both gram positive (B. subtilis) and gram negative (E. coli) bacteria, an archaeon (S. solfataricus) and a eukaryote (S. cerevisiae), followed by massively parallel sequencing. We were able to recover most previously documented m(5)C sites on rRNA in the four organisms, and identified several novel sites in yeast and archaeal rRNAs. Our analyses also allowed quantification of methylated m(5)C positions in 64 tRNAs in yeast and archaea, revealing stoichiometric differences between the methylation patterns of these organisms. Molecules of tRNAs in which m(5)C was absent were also discovered. Intriguingly, we detected m(5)C sites within archaeal mRNAs, and identified a consensus motif of AUCGANGU that directs methylation in S. solfataricus. Our results, which were validated using m(5)C-specific RNA immunoprecipitation, provide the first evidence for mRNA modifications in archaea, suggesting that this mode of post-transcriptional regulation extends beyond the eukaryotic domain.',
'date' => '2013-06-01',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825970',
'doi' => '',
'modified' => '2015-07-24 15:39:00',
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View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
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Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
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