We previously showed that histone H4 serine-1 phosphorylation (H4S1ph) is evolutionarily conserved during gametogenesis, and contributes to post-meiotic nuclear compaction and to full completion of sporulation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previous studies showed that H4S1ph and another modification of the same histone, H4 acetylation (H4ac), do not occur together and have opposing roles during DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. In this study, we investigated the relationship between these marks during yeast sporulation. H4S1ph and H4ac co-exist globally during later stages of sporulation, in contrast to DSB repair. Genome-wide mapping during sporulation reveals accumulation of both marks over promoters of genes. Prevention of H4S1ph deposition delays the decline in transcription that normally occurs during spore maturation. Taken together, our results indicate that H4S1ph deposition reinforces reduced transcription that coincides with full spore compaction, without disrupting the local acetylation signature. These studies indicate distinctive features of a histone H4 modification marking system during sporulation compared with DSB repair.