5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) polyclonal antibody (rabbit)

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			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) polyclonal antibody (rabbit) ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
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			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
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5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. 5-hmC results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Initially, the 5-hmC base had been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where it is present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells). A recent report indicates that 5-hmC is also abundant in brain tissue, especially in areas that are associated with higher cognitive functions.
Early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may represent an intermediate in a new pathway which demethylates DNA, converting 5-mC to cytosine. Although its precise role has still to be shown, recent results indicate, however, that 5-hmC may play important roles distinct from 5-mC. This may open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.
Due to their structural similarity, 5-mC and 5-hmC are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the validation of this unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in various applications.',
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<th>References</th>
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<td>hMeDIP<sup>*</sup> </td>
<td>3.5 μg/IP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
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<tr>
<td>ELISA</td>
<td>1:100 - 1:500</td>
<td>Fig 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dot Blotting</td>
<td>1:1,1000</td>
<td>Fig 3</td>
</tr>
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$meta_title = '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode'
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		'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) polyclonal antibody (rabbit) ',
		'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
		'label1' => 'Validation Data',
		'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
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<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
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5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. 5-hmC results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Initially, the 5-hmC base had been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where it is present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells). A recent report indicates that 5-hmC is also abundant in brain tissue, especially in areas that are associated with higher cognitive functions.
Early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may represent an intermediate in a new pathway which demethylates DNA, converting 5-mC to cytosine. Although its precise role has still to be shown, recent results indicate, however, that 5-hmC may play important roles distinct from 5-mC. This may open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.
Due to their structural similarity, 5-mC and 5-hmC are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the validation of this unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in various applications.',
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<th>Suggested dilution</th>
<th>References</th>
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<td>hMeDIP<sup>*</sup> </td>
<td>3.5 μg/IP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ELISA</td>
<td>1:100 - 1:500</td>
<td>Fig 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dot Blotting</td>
<td>1:1,1000</td>
<td>Fig 3</td>
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 μg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410205',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'pAb-HMC-050',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410205-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-50-ug',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,Polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in  hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:44:20',
			'created' => '2015-07-31 14:55:13'
		),
		'Product' => array(
			(int) 0 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'Related' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '2362',
			'antibody_id' => '428',
			'name' => 'TET2 Antibody',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against <strong>TET2 (tet oncogene family member 2)</strong>, using a recombinant protein.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410255-TET2-Fig4.jpg" alt="TET2 Antibody ChIP Grade" width="284" height="208" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1. TET2 ChIP results</strong><br /> ChIP was performed with U2OS chromatin extract and 5 &mu;g of either control rabbit IgG or TET2 antibody. The precipitated DNA was detected by PCR with primer set targeting to CCND2. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410255-TET2-Fig1.jpg" alt="TET2 Antibody validated in Immunoprecipitates" width="284" height="345" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2. TET2 IP results</strong> TET2 antibody immunoprecipitates TET2 protein in IP experiments. IP samples: 30 &mu;g whole cell extract of TET2-transfected 293T cells. A. Control with 3 &mu;g of preimmune Rabbit IgG B. Immunoprecipitation of TET2 protein by 3 &mu;g TET2 antibody (Cat. No. C15410255) 5 % SDS-PAGE The immunoprecipitated TET2 protein was detected by TET2 antibody diluted 1:3,000. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410255-TET2-Fig2.jpg" alt="TET2 Antibody validated in Immunofluorescent" width="284" height="112" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3. TET2 IF results</strong> TET2 antibody detects TET2 protein in the nucleus by immunofluorescent analysis. Sample: HeLa cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at RT for 15 min. Green: TET2 protein stained by TET2 antibody (Cat. No. C15410255) diluted 1:500. Blue: Hoechst 33342 staining. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410255-TET2-Fig3.jpg" alt="TET2 Antibody validated in Western Blot" width="150" height="258" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. TET2 Western blot results</strong> TET2 antibody detects TET2 protein by Western blot analysis. A. 30 &mu;g 293T whole cell extract B. 30 &mu;g whole cell extract of human TET2-transfected 293T cells 5 % SDS-PAGE TET2 antibody (Cat. No. C15410255) dilution: 1:5000. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>TET2 (UniProt/Swiss-Prot entry Q6N021) is a methylcytosine dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA and is abundant in Purkinje neurons, granule cells, embryonic stem cells, and brain tissue, especially in areas that are associated with higher cognitive function. Although its precise role has still to be shown, recent studies indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. Mutations in TET2 have been associated with myeloproliferative diseases such as essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera and primary myelofibrosis.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 μl',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410255-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => '',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410255-D001-001161',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '395',
			'price_USD' => '410',
			'price_GBP' => '345',
			'price_JPY' => '61875',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '1025',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => 'tet2-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-mg',
			'meta_title' => 'TET2 Antibody - ChIP Grade (C15410255) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '',
			'meta_description' => 'TET2 (Tet oncogene family member 2) Polyclonal Antibody validated  in ChIP-qPCR, IP, WB and IF.',
			'modified' => '2022-01-05 15:05:23',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '2429',
			'antibody_id' => '429',
			'name' => 'TET3 Antibody ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against TET3 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 3), using 4 KLH-conjugated synthetic peptides containing sequences from different parts of the protein.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-ELISA.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="301" width="400" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of Diagenode antibody directed against mouse TET3 (cat. No. C15410311). The plates were coated with the peptides used for immunization of the rabbit. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:20,300.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-WB.jpg" alt="Western blot" height="167" width="123" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 2. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br />Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-WB2.jpg" alt="Western blot" height="185" width="142" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br /> Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:200 in TBS- Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. Lane 2 shows the results after incubation of the antibody with the immunizing peptides. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>TET3 (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry O43151) is a member of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) gene family which play a role in the DNA methylation process. It catalyzes the conversion of the modified genomic base 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) which is the first step in demethylation of the DNA. TET3 may therefore play an important role in gene activation and plays a key role in epigenetic chromatin reprogramming in the zygote following fertilization. Diseases associated with TET3 include acute myeloid leukemia.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 μg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410311',
			'old_catalog_number' => '',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410311-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '260',
			'price_USD' => '260',
			'price_GBP' => '245',
			'price_JPY' => '40730',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '650',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => 'tet3-polyclonal-antibody-pioneer-50-mg',
			'meta_title' => 'TET3 Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '',
			'meta_description' => 'TET3 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 3) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in WB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. ',
			'modified' => '2022-01-05 16:06:44',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '1980',
			'antibody_id' => '630',
			'name' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3',
			'description' => '<p><span>Monoclonal antibody raised in mouse against&nbsp;</span><b>5-mC</b><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(</span><b>5-methylcytosine</b><span>) conjugated to ovalbumine (</span><b>33D3 clone</b><span>).</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_ChIPSeq-A.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP-seq" caption="false" width="886" height="173" /></p>
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_ChIPSeq-B.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP-seq" caption="false" width="886" height="184" /></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. MeDIP-seq with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br /> Genomic DNA from E14 ES cells was sheared with the Bioruptor&reg; to generate random fragments (size range 300 to 700 bp). One &micro;g of the fragmented DNA was ligated to Illumina adapters and the resulting DNA was used for a standard MeDIP assay, using 2 &micro;g of the Diagenode monoclonal against 5-mC (Cat. No. C15200081). After recovery of the methylated DNA, Illumina sequencing libraries were generated and sequenced on an Illumina Genome Analyzer according to the manufacturer&rsquo;s instructions. Figure 1A and 1B show Genome browser views of CA simple repeat elements with read distributions specific for 5-mC at 2 gene locations (SigleC15 and Mfsd4). Visual inspection of the peak profiles in a genome browser reveals high enrichment of CA simple repeats in affinity-enriched methylated fragments after MeDIP with the Diagenode 5-mC monoclonal antibody.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_medip.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP" caption="false" width="355" height="372" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. MeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br /> MeDIP (Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation) was performed on 1 &micro;g fragmented human genomic DNA using 0.2 &micro;g of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against 5-mC (cat. No. C15200081) and the MagMeDIP Kit (cat. No. C02010021). The fragmented DNA was spiked with the internal controls present in the kit (methylated DNA (meDNA) as a positive and unmethylated DNA (unDNA) as a negative control) prior to performing the IP. QPCR was performed with optimized primer sets, included in the kit, specific for the methylated and unmethylated DNA controls, and for a known methylated (TSH2B) and unmethylated (GAPDH) genomic region. Figure 2 shows the recovery expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis).</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-3 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_Dotblot.png" alt=" 5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in dot blot" caption="false" width="201" height="196" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 3. Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-mC (cat. No. C15200081), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (cat. No. C02040010). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the methylated control.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_IF1.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody for immunofluorescence" height="121" width="500" caption="false" /></center></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against 5-mC (Cat. No. C15200081) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10&rsquo; and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the 5-mC antibody (middle) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<!--
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_SPR.png" alt="5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody" surface="" plasmon="" resonance="" caption="false" width="700" height="372" /></center></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 5. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis of the the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />A synthesized biotin-labeled 5-mC conjugate was immobilized on a CM4 BIAcore sensorchip (GE Healthcare, France). Briefly, two flowcells were prepared by sequential injections of EDC/NHS, streptavidin, and ethanolamine. One of these flowcells served as negative control (biotinylated spacer without 5-mC), while biotinylated 5-mC conjugate was injected in the other one, to get an immobilization level of 55 response units (RU). All SPR experiments were performed, using HBS-N buffer (10 mM HEPES,150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), at a flow rate of 5 &micro;l/min. Interaction assays involved injections of 2 different dilutions of the Diagenode 5-mC monoclonal antibody (Cat. No. C15200081) over the biotinylated 5-mC conjugate and negative control surfaces, followed by a 3 min washing step with HBS-N buffer to allow dissociation of the complexes formed. At the end of each cycle, the streptavidin surface was regenerated by injection of 0.1M citric acid (pH=3).</small></p>
<p><small>The sensorgrams correspond to the biotinylated 5-mC conjugate surface signal subtracted with the negative control. Data from the sensorgrams that reached binding equilibrium were used for Scatchard analysis. The value of the dissociation constant (kd) obtained by global fitting and 1:1 Langmuir model is 65 nM.</small></p>
</div>
</div>-->',
			'label2' => '',
			'info2' => '',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15200081-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'MAb-081-100',
			'sf_code' => 'C15200081-D001-000526',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '505',
			'price_USD' => '575',
			'price_GBP' => '450',
			'price_JPY' => '79110',
			'price_CNY' => '0',
			'price_AUD' => '1438',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => 'October 27, 2020',
			'slug' => '5-mc-monoclonal-antibody-33d3-premium-100-ug-50-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3 (C15200081) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC),monoclonal antibody,Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation',
			'meta_description' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Monoclonal Antibody, clone 33D3  validated  in MeDIP-seq, MeDIP, DB and IF. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2023-05-17 10:08:33',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '2280',
			'antibody_id' => '234',
			'name' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Antibody ',
			'description' => '<div data-canvas-width="124.25999999999996" style="left: 329.401px; top: 425.793px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.0021);">Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-Carboxylcytosine (5ca-CMP monophosphate) conjugated to BSA.</div>
<p><span>&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><strong></strong></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-3 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-Dotblot.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 1. Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050), a Dot Blot analysis was performed using synthetic oligonucleotides containing different modified C-bases (indicated in red). 125 and 25 ng of the respective oligo&rsquo;s were bound to a Streptavindin-coated multi-well plate. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. The binding of antibody to the DNA was measured by ECL chemiluminescence. Figure 1 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the carboxylated cytosine. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-Immunostaining.jpg" alt="Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 2. Immunofluorescence assay using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> 293T cells were transfected with either the mouse FLAG-tagged wild-type Tet1 (Tet1 CD) or the catalytically inactive FLAG-tagged C-terminal domain of Tet1 (Tet1 mCD) and stained with the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050), diluted 1:500, and with an anti-FLAG antibody, followed by DAPI counterstaining. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-chip.jpg" alt="Immunoprecipitation" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 3. Immunoprecipitation using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> Immunoprecipitation was performed with the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050) on 2 &mu;g of J1 ES genomic DNA, spiked with 1 pg of a control DNA fragment (approximately 700 bp from the RFP (Ring finger protein) gene) containing different cytosine modifications. The mC and hmC control DNA was generated by PCR with the corresponding nucleotide. The caC control fragment was obtained by in vitro methylation using M.SssI methyltransferase followed by oxidation with purified Tet2. The IP&rsquo;d DNA was subsequently anaysed by qPCR using primers specific for the control DNA fragments and for GAPDH, used as a negative control. Figure 3 shows the enrichment calculated as the ratio of the recovery of the control DNA versus the recovery of the GAPDH negative control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>Until recently, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was the only known modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was discovered. This new modified base (also called the Sixth base) is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-mC into 5-hmC by the TET family of oxygenases.</p>
<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. This pathway could involve further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group followed by either deformylation or decarboxylation. The carboxyl and formyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) could be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC and 5-hmC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-Carboxycytosine.</p>',
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			'format' => '100 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410204-100',
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			'meta_title' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
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			'meta_description' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in DB, IF and IP. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available',
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			'name' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Antibody ',
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			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-DIP.png" alt="DIP" height="433" width="400" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. DIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC</strong><br />HEK293 cells were transfected with a reporter gene and hydroxymethylated in vitro with either a pCAG expression vector containing the TET2 catalytic domain (TET2cd) or a negative control pCAG vector. DIP assays were performed on 4 &mu;g of sheared and denatured DNA using 3 &mu;l of the Diagenode antibody against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200) in a total of 500 &mu;l IP buffer. QPCR was performed with primers specific for the reporter gene. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (mean +standard deviation of 3 different experiments).</small></p>
</div>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-fig1.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="277" width="379" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. Determination of the titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200). The plates were coated with the immunogen. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be &gt;1:100,000.</small></p>
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<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. As such it may play a role in the regulation of gene activity. This pathway includes further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group, both catalyzed by TET oxygenases. The formyl and carboxyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) can be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC, 5-hmC and 5-caC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-fC.</p>',
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			'meta_description' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in DIP and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
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			'name' => 'Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation',
			'description' => '<div class="row extra-spaced">
<div class="small-12 medium-3 large-3 columns"><center><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30429608" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/banners/banner-nature-publication-580.png" /></a></center></div>
<div class="small-12 medium-9 large-9 columns">
<h3>Sensitive tumour detection and classification using plasma cell-free DNA methylomes<br /><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30429608" target="_blank">Read the publication</a></h3>
<h3 class="c-article-title u-h1" data-test="article-title" itemprop="name headline">Preparation of cfMeDIP-seq libraries for methylome profiling of plasma cell-free DNA<br /><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-019-0202-2" target="_blank" title="cfMeDIP-seq Nature Method">Read the method</a></h3>
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</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns"><span>The Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation is based on the affinity purification of methylated and hydroxymethylated DNA using, respectively, an antibody directed against 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) in the case of MeDIP or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in the case of hMeDIP.</span><br />
<h2></h2>
<h2>How it works</h2>
<p>In brief, Methyl DNA IP is performed as follows: Genomic DNA from cultured cells or tissues is prepared, sheared, and then denatured. Then, immunoselection and immunoprecipitation can take place using the antibody directed against 5 methylcytosine and antibody binding beads. After isolation and purification is performed, the IP&rsquo;d methylated DNA is ready for any subsequent analysis as qPCR, amplification, hybridization on microarrays or next generation sequencing.</p>
<h2>Applications</h2>
<div align="center"><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/magmedip-kit-x48-48-rxns" class="center alert radius button"> qPCR analysis</a></div>
<div align="center"><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/magmedip-seq-package-V2-x10" class="center alert radius button"> NGS analysis </a></div>
<h2>Advantages</h2>
<ul style="font-size: 19px;" class="nobullet">
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> <strong>Unaffected</strong> DNA</li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> <strong>High enrichment</strong> yield</li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> <strong>Robust</strong> &amp; <strong>reproducible</strong> techniques</li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> <strong>NGS</strong> compatible</li>
</ul>
<h2></h2>
</div>
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			'name' => 'DNA modifications',
			'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">T</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">he pattern of <strong>DNA modifications</strong> is critical for genome stability and the control of gene expression in the cell. Methylation of 5-cytosine (5-mC), one of the best-studied epigenetic marks, is carried out by the <strong>DNA methyltransferases</strong> DNMT3A and B and DNMT1. DNMT3A and DNMT3B are responsible for </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">de novo</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> DNA methylation, whereas DNMT1 maintains existing methylation. 5-mC undergoes active demethylation which is performed by the <strong>Ten-Eleven Translocation</strong> (TET) familly of DNA hydroxylases. The latter consists of 3 members TET1, 2 and 3. All 3 members catalyze the conversion of <strong>5-methylcytosine</strong> (5-mC) into <strong>5-hydroxymethylcytosine</strong> (5-hmC), and further into <strong>5-formylcytosine</strong> (5-fC) and <strong>5-carboxycytosine</strong> (5-caC). 5-fC and 5-caC can be converted to unmodified cytosine by <strong>Thymine DNA Glycosylase</strong> (TDG). It is not yet clear if 5-hmC, 5-fC and 5-caC have specific functions or are simply intermediates in the demethylation of 5-mC.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">DNA methylation is generally considered as a repressive mark and is usually associated with gene silencing. It is essential that the balance between DNA methylation and demethylation is precisely maintained. Dysregulation of DNA methylation may lead to many different human diseases and is often observed in cancer cells.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode offers highly validated antibodies against different proteins involved in DNA modifications as well as against the modified bases allowing the study of all steps and intermediates in the DNA methylation/demethylation pathway:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/dna-methylation.jpg" height="599" width="816" /></p>
<p><strong>Diagenode exclusively sources the original 5-methylcytosine monoclonal antibody (clone 33D3).</strong></p>
<p>Check out the list below to see all proposed antibodies for DNA modifications.</p>
<p>Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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			'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">All Diagenode&rsquo;s antibodies are listed below. Please, use our Quick search field to find the antibody of interest by target name, application, purity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
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			'name' => 'Exclusive Highly Specific Kits Antibodies for DNA HydroxyMethylation Studies',
			'description' => '<p>Cytosine hydroxymethylation was recently discovered as an important epigenetic mechanism. This cytosine base modification results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) by the TET family of oxygenases. Though the precise role of 5-hmC is the subject of intense research and debate, early studies strongly indicate that it is also involved in gene regulation and in numerous important biological processes including embryonic development, cellular differentiation, stem cell reprogramming and carcinogenesis.</p>
<p>The study of 5-hmC has long been limited due to the lack of high quality, validated tools and technologies that discriminate hydroxymethylation from methylation in regulating gene expression. The use of highly specific antibodies against 5-hmC for the immunoprecipitation of hydroxymethylated DNA offers a reliable solution for hydroxymethylation profiling.</p>
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			'name' => 'DNA methylation dynamics underlie metamorphic gene regulation programs in Xenopus tadpole brain.',
			'authors' => 'Kyono Y, Raj S, Sifuentes CJ, Buisine N, Sachs L, Denver RJ',
			'description' => '<p>Methylation of cytosine residues in DNA influences chromatin structure and gene transcription, and its regulation is crucial for brain development. There is mounting evidence that DNA methylation can be modulated by hormone signaling. We analyzed genome-wide changes in DNA methylation and their relationship to gene regulation in the brain of Xenopus tadpoles during metamorphosis, a thyroid hormone-dependent developmental process. We studied the region of the tadpole brain containing neurosecretory neurons that control pituitary hormone secretion, a region that is highly responsive to thyroid hormone action. Using Methylated DNA Capture sequencing (MethylCap-seq) we discovered a diverse landscape of DNA methylation across the tadpole neural cell genome, and pairwise stage comparisons identified several thousand differentially methylated regions (DMRs). During the pre-to pro-metamorphic period, the number of DMRs was lowest (1,163), with demethylation predominating. From pre-metamorphosis to metamorphic climax DMRs nearly doubled (2,204), with methylation predominating. The largest changes in DNA methylation were seen from metamorphic climax to the completion of metamorphosis (2960 DMRs), with 80% of the DMRs representing demethylation. Using RNA sequencing, we found negative correlations between differentially expressed genes and DMRs localized to gene bodies and regions upstream of transcription start sites. DNA demethylation at metamorphosis revealed by MethylCap-seq was corroborated by increased immunoreactivity for the DNA demethylation intermediates 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-carboxymethylcytosine, and the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten eleven translocation 3 that catalyzes DNA demethylation. Our findings show that the genome of tadpole neural cells undergoes significant changes in DNA methylation during metamorphosis, and these changes likely influence chromatin architecture, and gene regulation programs occurring during this developmental period.</p>',
			'date' => '2020-06-15',
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			'doi' => '10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.03.013',
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			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine marks postmitotic neural cells in the adult and developing vertebrate central nervous system',
			'authors' => 'Diotel N et al.',
			'description' => '<p>The epigenetic mark 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a cytosine modification that is abundant in the central nervous system of mammals and which results from 5-methylcytosine oxidation by TET enzymes. Such a mark is suggested to play key roles in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. However, its precise functions still remain poorly understood and information about its distribution in non-mammalian species is still lacking. Here, the distribution of 5hmC was investigated in the brain of adult zebrafish, African claw frog, and mouse in a comparative manner. We show that zebrafish neurons are endowed with high levels of 5hmC, whereas quiescent or proliferative neural progenitors show low to undetectable levels of the modified cytosine. In the brain of larval and juvenile Xenopus, 5hmC is also detected in neurons, while ventricular proliferative cells do not display this epigenetic mark. Similarly, 5hmC is enriched in neurons compared to neural progenitors of the ventricular zone in the mouse developing cortex. Interestingly, 5hmC colocalized with the methylated DNA binding protein MeCP2 and with the active chromatin histone modification H3K4me2 in mouse neurons. Taken together, our results show an evolutionarily conserved cerebral distribution of 5hmC between fish and tetrapods and reinforce the idea that 5hmC fulfills major functions in the control of chromatin activity in vertebrate neurons.</p>',
			'date' => '2016-07-14',
			'pmid' => 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27414756',
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			'name' => 'Transcriptome-wide mapping of 5-methylcytidine RNA modifications in bacteria, archaea, and yeast reveals m5C within archaeal mRNAs.',
			'authors' => 'Edelheit S, Schwartz S, Mumbach MR, Wurtzel O, Sorek R',
			'description' => 'The presence of 5-methylcytidine (m(5)C) in tRNA and rRNA molecules of a wide variety of organisms was first observed more than 40 years ago. However, detection of this modification was limited to specific, abundant, RNA species, due to the usage of low-throughput methods. To obtain a high resolution, systematic, and comprehensive transcriptome-wide overview of m(5)C across the three domains of life, we used bisulfite treatment on total RNA from both gram positive (B. subtilis) and gram negative (E. coli) bacteria, an archaeon (S. solfataricus) and a eukaryote (S. cerevisiae), followed by massively parallel sequencing. We were able to recover most previously documented m(5)C sites on rRNA in the four organisms, and identified several novel sites in yeast and archaeal rRNAs. Our analyses also allowed quantification of methylated m(5)C positions in 64 tRNAs in yeast and archaea, revealing stoichiometric differences between the methylation patterns of these organisms. Molecules of tRNAs in which m(5)C was absent were also discovered. Intriguingly, we detected m(5)C sites within archaeal mRNAs, and identified a consensus motif of AUCGANGU that directs methylation in S. solfataricus. Our results, which were validated using m(5)C-specific RNA immunoprecipitation, provide the first evidence for mRNA modifications in archaea, suggesting that this mode of post-transcriptional regulation extends beyond the eukaryotic domain.',
			'date' => '2013-06-01',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825970',
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		'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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        <div class="small-12 columns">
                         <a href="/cn/p/5-mc-monoclonal-antibody-33d3-premium-100-ug-50-ul"><img src="/img/product/antibodies/antibody.png" alt="Mouse IgG" class="th"/></a>        </div>



        <div class="small-12 columns">
            <div class="small-6 columns" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;margin-top:-6px;margin-left:-1px">
                <span class="success label" style="">C15200081-100</span>
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    <div class="small-12 medium-12 large-12 columns">
        
        <p>将 <input name="data[Cart][quantity]" placeholder="1" value="1" min="1" style="width:60px;display:inline" type="number" id="CartQuantity" required="required"/> <strong> 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3</strong> 添加至我的购物车。</p>

        <div class="row">
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                <button class="alert small button expand" onclick="$(this).addToCart('5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3',
                    'C15200081-100',
                     '575',
                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="checkout" id="checkout" value="checkout" type="submit">结账</button>            </div>
            <div class="small-6 medium-6 large-6 columns">
                <button class="alert small button expand" onclick="$(this).addToCart('5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3',
                    'C15200081-100',
                    '575',
                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="keepshop" id="keepshop" type="submit">继续购物</button>            </div>
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</form><a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close">&#215;</a></div><!-- END: ADD TO CART MODAL --><a href="#" id="5-mc-monoclonal-antibody-33d3-premium-100-ug-50-ul" data-reveal-id="cartModal-1980" class="" style="color:#B21329"><i class="fa fa-cart-plus"></i></a>
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        <div class="small-12 columns" >
            <h6 style="height:60px">5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3</h6>
        </div>

    </div>
</li>
<li>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="small-12 columns">
                         <a href="/cn/p/5-cac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ug"><img src="/img/product/antibodies/antibody.png" alt="Mouse IgG" class="th"/></a>        </div>



        <div class="small-12 columns">
            <div class="small-6 columns" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;margin-top:-6px;margin-left:-1px">
                <span class="success label" style="">C15410204-100</span>
            </div>
            <div class="small-6 columns text-right" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;margin-top:-6px">
                <!--a href="#" style="color:#B21329"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i></a-->
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<div class="row">
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        <p>将 <input name="data[Cart][quantity]" placeholder="1" value="1" min="1" style="width:60px;display:inline" type="number" id="CartQuantity" required="required"/> <strong> 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Antibody </strong> 添加至我的购物车。</p>

        <div class="row">
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                <button class="alert small button expand" onclick="$(this).addToCart('5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Antibody ',
                    'C15410204-100',
                     '380',
                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="checkout" id="checkout" value="checkout" type="submit">结账</button>            </div>
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                    'C15410204-100',
                    '380',
                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="keepshop" id="keepshop" type="submit">继续购物</button>            </div>
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    </div>
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        </div>
        <div class="small-12 columns" >
            <h6 style="height:60px">5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) polyclonal antibody </h6>
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    </div>
</li>
<li>
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                         <a href="/cn/p/5-formylcytosine-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ul"><img src="/img/product/antibodies/antibody.png" alt="Mouse IgG" class="th"/></a>        </div>



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        <p>将 <input name="data[Cart][quantity]" placeholder="1" value="1" min="1" style="width:60px;display:inline" type="number" id="CartQuantity" required="required"/> <strong> 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Antibody </strong> 添加至我的购物车。</p>

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                    'C15310200',
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                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="keepshop" id="keepshop" type="submit">继续购物</button>            </div>
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</div>

</form><a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close">&#215;</a></div><!-- END: ADD TO CART MODAL --><a href="#" id="5-formylcytosine-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ul" data-reveal-id="cartModal-2136" class="" style="color:#B21329"><i class="fa fa-cart-plus"></i></a>
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        </div>
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            <h6 style="height:60px">5-formylcytosine (5-fC) polyclonal antibody </h6>
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	'name' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Antibody ',
	'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
	'label1' => 'Validation Data',
	'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-DIP.png" alt="DIP" height="433" width="400" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. DIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC</strong><br />HEK293 cells were transfected with a reporter gene and hydroxymethylated in vitro with either a pCAG expression vector containing the TET2 catalytic domain (TET2cd) or a negative control pCAG vector. DIP assays were performed on 4 &mu;g of sheared and denatured DNA using 3 &mu;l of the Diagenode antibody against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200) in a total of 500 &mu;l IP buffer. QPCR was performed with primers specific for the reporter gene. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (mean +standard deviation of 3 different experiments).</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-fig1.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="277" width="379" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. Determination of the titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200). The plates were coated with the immunogen. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be &gt;1:100,000.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
	'label2' => 'Target description',
	'info2' => '<p>Until a few years ago, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was the only known modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was discovered. This new modified base is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-mC into 5-hmC by the TET family of oxygenases.</p>
<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. As such it may play a role in the regulation of gene activity. This pathway includes further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group, both catalyzed by TET oxygenases. The formyl and carboxyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) can be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC, 5-hmC and 5-caC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-fC.</p>',
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	'format' => '100 µl',
	'catalog_number' => 'C15310200',
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	'sf_code' => 'C15310200-D001-001161',
	'type' => 'FRE',
	'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
	'price_EUR' => '380',
	'price_USD' => '380',
	'price_GBP' => '340',
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	'slug' => '5-formylcytosine-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ul',
	'meta_title' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
	'meta_keywords' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC), polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
	'meta_description' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in DIP and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
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	'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
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$other_format = array(
	'id' => '2281',
	'antibody_id' => '35',
	'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
	'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
	'label1' => 'Validation Data',
	'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
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	'sf_code' => 'C15410205-D001-000831',
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	'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-20-ug',
	'meta_title' => '5-hmC Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
	'meta_keywords' => '',
	'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in  hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
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	'name' => 'DB',
	'description' => '<p>Dot blotting</p>',
	'in_footer' => false,
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	'tabular' => true,
	'slug' => 'dot-blotting',
	'meta_keywords' => 'Dot blotting,Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibody,',
	'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibodies for Dot blotting applications',
	'meta_title' => 'Dot blotting Antibodies - Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibody | Diagenode',
	'modified' => '2016-01-13 14:40:49',
	'created' => '2015-07-08 13:45:05',
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$description = '<p>Dot blotting</p>'
$name = 'DB'
$document = array(
	'id' => '11',
	'name' => 'Antibodies you can trust',
	'description' => '<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Epigenetic research tools have evolved over time from endpoint PCR to qPCR to the analyses of large sets of genome-wide sequencing data. ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) has now become the gold standard method for chromatin studies, given the accuracy and coverage scale of the approach over other methods. Successful ChIP-seq, however, requires a higher level of experimental accuracy and consistency in all steps of ChIP than ever before. Particularly crucial is the quality of ChIP antibodies. </span></p>',
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	'slug' => 'antibodies-you-can-trust-poster',
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	'name' => 'SDS C15410205 5-hydroxymethylcytosine 5-hmC Antibody rabbit BE nl',
	'language' => 'nl',
	'url' => 'files/SDS/5-hmC/SDS-C15410205-5-hydroxymethylcytosine_5-hmC_Antibody_rabbit_-BE-nl-GHS_2_0-1.pdf',
	'countries' => 'BE',
	'modified' => '2024-01-17 20:16:09',
	'created' => '2024-01-17 20:16:09',
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$publication = array(
	'id' => '1449',
	'name' => 'Transcriptome-wide mapping of 5-methylcytidine RNA modifications in bacteria, archaea, and yeast reveals m5C within archaeal mRNAs.',
	'authors' => 'Edelheit S, Schwartz S, Mumbach MR, Wurtzel O, Sorek R',
	'description' => 'The presence of 5-methylcytidine (m(5)C) in tRNA and rRNA molecules of a wide variety of organisms was first observed more than 40 years ago. However, detection of this modification was limited to specific, abundant, RNA species, due to the usage of low-throughput methods. To obtain a high resolution, systematic, and comprehensive transcriptome-wide overview of m(5)C across the three domains of life, we used bisulfite treatment on total RNA from both gram positive (B. subtilis) and gram negative (E. coli) bacteria, an archaeon (S. solfataricus) and a eukaryote (S. cerevisiae), followed by massively parallel sequencing. We were able to recover most previously documented m(5)C sites on rRNA in the four organisms, and identified several novel sites in yeast and archaeal rRNAs. Our analyses also allowed quantification of methylated m(5)C positions in 64 tRNAs in yeast and archaea, revealing stoichiometric differences between the methylation patterns of these organisms. Molecules of tRNAs in which m(5)C was absent were also discovered. Intriguingly, we detected m(5)C sites within archaeal mRNAs, and identified a consensus motif of AUCGANGU that directs methylation in S. solfataricus. Our results, which were validated using m(5)C-specific RNA immunoprecipitation, provide the first evidence for mRNA modifications in archaea, suggesting that this mode of post-transcriptional regulation extends beyond the eukaryotic domain.',
	'date' => '2013-06-01',
	'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825970',
	'doi' => '',
	'modified' => '2015-07-24 15:39:00',
	'created' => '2015-07-24 15:39:00',
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$externalLink = ' <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825970" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></a>'
include - APP/View/Products/view.ctp, line 755
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
ProductsController::slug() - APP/Controller/ProductsController.php, line 1052
ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ??
Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 491
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 193
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 118

Notice (8): Undefined variable: header [APP/View/Products/view.ctp, line 755]
Code Context
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	'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in  hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
	'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
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			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) polyclonal antibody (rabbit) ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
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Early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may represent an intermediate in a new pathway which demethylates DNA, converting 5-mC to cytosine. Although its precise role has still to be shown, recent results indicate, however, that 5-hmC may play important roles distinct from 5-mC. This may open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.
Due to their structural similarity, 5-mC and 5-hmC are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the validation of this unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in various applications.',
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<td>3.5 μg/IP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
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<td>ELISA</td>
<td>1:100 - 1:500</td>
<td>Fig 2</td>
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<td>1:1,1000</td>
<td>Fig 3</td>
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$meta_description = '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in  hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.'
$meta_title = '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode'
$product = array(
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		'id' => '2677',
		'antibody_id' => '35',
		'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) polyclonal antibody (rabbit) ',
		'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
		'label1' => 'Validation Data',
		'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
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		'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
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5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. 5-hmC results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Initially, the 5-hmC base had been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where it is present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells). A recent report indicates that 5-hmC is also abundant in brain tissue, especially in areas that are associated with higher cognitive functions.
Early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may represent an intermediate in a new pathway which demethylates DNA, converting 5-mC to cytosine. Although its precise role has still to be shown, recent results indicate, however, that 5-hmC may play important roles distinct from 5-mC. This may open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.
Due to their structural similarity, 5-mC and 5-hmC are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the validation of this unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in various applications.',
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<th>References</th>
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<td>hMeDIP<sup>*</sup> </td>
<td>3.5 μg/IP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
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<tr>
<td>ELISA</td>
<td>1:100 - 1:500</td>
<td>Fig 2</td>
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<tr>
<td>Dot Blotting</td>
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<td>Fig 3</td>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 μg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410205',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'pAb-HMC-050',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410205-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-50-ug',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,Polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in  hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:44:20',
			'created' => '2015-07-31 14:55:13'
		),
		'Product' => array(
			(int) 0 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'Related' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '2362',
			'antibody_id' => '428',
			'name' => 'TET2 Antibody',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against <strong>TET2 (tet oncogene family member 2)</strong>, using a recombinant protein.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410255-TET2-Fig4.jpg" alt="TET2 Antibody ChIP Grade" width="284" height="208" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1. TET2 ChIP results</strong><br /> ChIP was performed with U2OS chromatin extract and 5 &mu;g of either control rabbit IgG or TET2 antibody. The precipitated DNA was detected by PCR with primer set targeting to CCND2. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410255-TET2-Fig1.jpg" alt="TET2 Antibody validated in Immunoprecipitates" width="284" height="345" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2. TET2 IP results</strong> TET2 antibody immunoprecipitates TET2 protein in IP experiments. IP samples: 30 &mu;g whole cell extract of TET2-transfected 293T cells. A. Control with 3 &mu;g of preimmune Rabbit IgG B. Immunoprecipitation of TET2 protein by 3 &mu;g TET2 antibody (Cat. No. C15410255) 5 % SDS-PAGE The immunoprecipitated TET2 protein was detected by TET2 antibody diluted 1:3,000. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410255-TET2-Fig2.jpg" alt="TET2 Antibody validated in Immunofluorescent" width="284" height="112" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3. TET2 IF results</strong> TET2 antibody detects TET2 protein in the nucleus by immunofluorescent analysis. Sample: HeLa cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at RT for 15 min. Green: TET2 protein stained by TET2 antibody (Cat. No. C15410255) diluted 1:500. Blue: Hoechst 33342 staining. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410255-TET2-Fig3.jpg" alt="TET2 Antibody validated in Western Blot" width="150" height="258" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. TET2 Western blot results</strong> TET2 antibody detects TET2 protein by Western blot analysis. A. 30 &mu;g 293T whole cell extract B. 30 &mu;g whole cell extract of human TET2-transfected 293T cells 5 % SDS-PAGE TET2 antibody (Cat. No. C15410255) dilution: 1:5000. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>TET2 (UniProt/Swiss-Prot entry Q6N021) is a methylcytosine dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA and is abundant in Purkinje neurons, granule cells, embryonic stem cells, and brain tissue, especially in areas that are associated with higher cognitive function. Although its precise role has still to be shown, recent studies indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. Mutations in TET2 have been associated with myeloproliferative diseases such as essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera and primary myelofibrosis.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 μl',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410255-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => '',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410255-D001-001161',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '395',
			'price_USD' => '410',
			'price_GBP' => '345',
			'price_JPY' => '61875',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '1025',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => 'tet2-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-mg',
			'meta_title' => 'TET2 Antibody - ChIP Grade (C15410255) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '',
			'meta_description' => 'TET2 (Tet oncogene family member 2) Polyclonal Antibody validated  in ChIP-qPCR, IP, WB and IF.',
			'modified' => '2022-01-05 15:05:23',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '2429',
			'antibody_id' => '429',
			'name' => 'TET3 Antibody ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against TET3 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 3), using 4 KLH-conjugated synthetic peptides containing sequences from different parts of the protein.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-ELISA.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="301" width="400" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of Diagenode antibody directed against mouse TET3 (cat. No. C15410311). The plates were coated with the peptides used for immunization of the rabbit. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:20,300.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-WB.jpg" alt="Western blot" height="167" width="123" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 2. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br />Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-WB2.jpg" alt="Western blot" height="185" width="142" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br /> Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:200 in TBS- Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. Lane 2 shows the results after incubation of the antibody with the immunizing peptides. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>TET3 (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry O43151) is a member of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) gene family which play a role in the DNA methylation process. It catalyzes the conversion of the modified genomic base 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) which is the first step in demethylation of the DNA. TET3 may therefore play an important role in gene activation and plays a key role in epigenetic chromatin reprogramming in the zygote following fertilization. Diseases associated with TET3 include acute myeloid leukemia.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 μg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410311',
			'old_catalog_number' => '',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410311-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '260',
			'price_USD' => '260',
			'price_GBP' => '245',
			'price_JPY' => '40730',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '650',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => 'tet3-polyclonal-antibody-pioneer-50-mg',
			'meta_title' => 'TET3 Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '',
			'meta_description' => 'TET3 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 3) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in WB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. ',
			'modified' => '2022-01-05 16:06:44',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '1980',
			'antibody_id' => '630',
			'name' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3',
			'description' => '<p><span>Monoclonal antibody raised in mouse against&nbsp;</span><b>5-mC</b><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(</span><b>5-methylcytosine</b><span>) conjugated to ovalbumine (</span><b>33D3 clone</b><span>).</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_ChIPSeq-A.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP-seq" caption="false" width="886" height="173" /></p>
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_ChIPSeq-B.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP-seq" caption="false" width="886" height="184" /></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. MeDIP-seq with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br /> Genomic DNA from E14 ES cells was sheared with the Bioruptor&reg; to generate random fragments (size range 300 to 700 bp). One &micro;g of the fragmented DNA was ligated to Illumina adapters and the resulting DNA was used for a standard MeDIP assay, using 2 &micro;g of the Diagenode monoclonal against 5-mC (Cat. No. C15200081). After recovery of the methylated DNA, Illumina sequencing libraries were generated and sequenced on an Illumina Genome Analyzer according to the manufacturer&rsquo;s instructions. Figure 1A and 1B show Genome browser views of CA simple repeat elements with read distributions specific for 5-mC at 2 gene locations (SigleC15 and Mfsd4). Visual inspection of the peak profiles in a genome browser reveals high enrichment of CA simple repeats in affinity-enriched methylated fragments after MeDIP with the Diagenode 5-mC monoclonal antibody.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_medip.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP" caption="false" width="355" height="372" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. MeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br /> MeDIP (Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation) was performed on 1 &micro;g fragmented human genomic DNA using 0.2 &micro;g of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against 5-mC (cat. No. C15200081) and the MagMeDIP Kit (cat. No. C02010021). The fragmented DNA was spiked with the internal controls present in the kit (methylated DNA (meDNA) as a positive and unmethylated DNA (unDNA) as a negative control) prior to performing the IP. QPCR was performed with optimized primer sets, included in the kit, specific for the methylated and unmethylated DNA controls, and for a known methylated (TSH2B) and unmethylated (GAPDH) genomic region. Figure 2 shows the recovery expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis).</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-3 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_Dotblot.png" alt=" 5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in dot blot" caption="false" width="201" height="196" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 3. Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-mC (cat. No. C15200081), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (cat. No. C02040010). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the methylated control.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_IF1.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody for immunofluorescence" height="121" width="500" caption="false" /></center></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against 5-mC (Cat. No. C15200081) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10&rsquo; and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the 5-mC antibody (middle) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<!--
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_SPR.png" alt="5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody" surface="" plasmon="" resonance="" caption="false" width="700" height="372" /></center></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 5. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis of the the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />A synthesized biotin-labeled 5-mC conjugate was immobilized on a CM4 BIAcore sensorchip (GE Healthcare, France). Briefly, two flowcells were prepared by sequential injections of EDC/NHS, streptavidin, and ethanolamine. One of these flowcells served as negative control (biotinylated spacer without 5-mC), while biotinylated 5-mC conjugate was injected in the other one, to get an immobilization level of 55 response units (RU). All SPR experiments were performed, using HBS-N buffer (10 mM HEPES,150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), at a flow rate of 5 &micro;l/min. Interaction assays involved injections of 2 different dilutions of the Diagenode 5-mC monoclonal antibody (Cat. No. C15200081) over the biotinylated 5-mC conjugate and negative control surfaces, followed by a 3 min washing step with HBS-N buffer to allow dissociation of the complexes formed. At the end of each cycle, the streptavidin surface was regenerated by injection of 0.1M citric acid (pH=3).</small></p>
<p><small>The sensorgrams correspond to the biotinylated 5-mC conjugate surface signal subtracted with the negative control. Data from the sensorgrams that reached binding equilibrium were used for Scatchard analysis. The value of the dissociation constant (kd) obtained by global fitting and 1:1 Langmuir model is 65 nM.</small></p>
</div>
</div>-->',
			'label2' => '',
			'info2' => '',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15200081-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'MAb-081-100',
			'sf_code' => 'C15200081-D001-000526',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '505',
			'price_USD' => '575',
			'price_GBP' => '450',
			'price_JPY' => '79110',
			'price_CNY' => '0',
			'price_AUD' => '1438',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => 'October 27, 2020',
			'slug' => '5-mc-monoclonal-antibody-33d3-premium-100-ug-50-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3 (C15200081) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC),monoclonal antibody,Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation',
			'meta_description' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Monoclonal Antibody, clone 33D3  validated  in MeDIP-seq, MeDIP, DB and IF. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2023-05-17 10:08:33',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '2280',
			'antibody_id' => '234',
			'name' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Antibody ',
			'description' => '<div data-canvas-width="124.25999999999996" style="left: 329.401px; top: 425.793px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.0021);">Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-Carboxylcytosine (5ca-CMP monophosphate) conjugated to BSA.</div>
<p><span>&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><strong></strong></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-3 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-Dotblot.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 1. Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050), a Dot Blot analysis was performed using synthetic oligonucleotides containing different modified C-bases (indicated in red). 125 and 25 ng of the respective oligo&rsquo;s were bound to a Streptavindin-coated multi-well plate. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. The binding of antibody to the DNA was measured by ECL chemiluminescence. Figure 1 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the carboxylated cytosine. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-Immunostaining.jpg" alt="Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 2. Immunofluorescence assay using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> 293T cells were transfected with either the mouse FLAG-tagged wild-type Tet1 (Tet1 CD) or the catalytically inactive FLAG-tagged C-terminal domain of Tet1 (Tet1 mCD) and stained with the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050), diluted 1:500, and with an anti-FLAG antibody, followed by DAPI counterstaining. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-chip.jpg" alt="Immunoprecipitation" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 3. Immunoprecipitation using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> Immunoprecipitation was performed with the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050) on 2 &mu;g of J1 ES genomic DNA, spiked with 1 pg of a control DNA fragment (approximately 700 bp from the RFP (Ring finger protein) gene) containing different cytosine modifications. The mC and hmC control DNA was generated by PCR with the corresponding nucleotide. The caC control fragment was obtained by in vitro methylation using M.SssI methyltransferase followed by oxidation with purified Tet2. The IP&rsquo;d DNA was subsequently anaysed by qPCR using primers specific for the control DNA fragments and for GAPDH, used as a negative control. Figure 3 shows the enrichment calculated as the ratio of the recovery of the control DNA versus the recovery of the GAPDH negative control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>Until recently, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was the only known modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was discovered. This new modified base (also called the Sixth base) is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-mC into 5-hmC by the TET family of oxygenases.</p>
<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. This pathway could involve further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group followed by either deformylation or decarboxylation. The carboxyl and formyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) could be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC and 5-hmC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-Carboxycytosine.</p>',
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			'format' => '100 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410204-100',
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			'meta_title' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
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			'name' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Antibody ',
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			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-DIP.png" alt="DIP" height="433" width="400" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. DIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC</strong><br />HEK293 cells were transfected with a reporter gene and hydroxymethylated in vitro with either a pCAG expression vector containing the TET2 catalytic domain (TET2cd) or a negative control pCAG vector. DIP assays were performed on 4 &mu;g of sheared and denatured DNA using 3 &mu;l of the Diagenode antibody against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200) in a total of 500 &mu;l IP buffer. QPCR was performed with primers specific for the reporter gene. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (mean +standard deviation of 3 different experiments).</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-fig1.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="277" width="379" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. Determination of the titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200). The plates were coated with the immunogen. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be &gt;1:100,000.</small></p>
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<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. As such it may play a role in the regulation of gene activity. This pathway includes further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group, both catalyzed by TET oxygenases. The formyl and carboxyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) can be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC, 5-hmC and 5-caC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-fC.</p>',
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			'meta_description' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in DIP and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
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			'name' => 'Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation',
			'description' => '<div class="row extra-spaced">
<div class="small-12 medium-3 large-3 columns"><center><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30429608" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/banners/banner-nature-publication-580.png" /></a></center></div>
<div class="small-12 medium-9 large-9 columns">
<h3>Sensitive tumour detection and classification using plasma cell-free DNA methylomes<br /><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30429608" target="_blank">Read the publication</a></h3>
<h3 class="c-article-title u-h1" data-test="article-title" itemprop="name headline">Preparation of cfMeDIP-seq libraries for methylome profiling of plasma cell-free DNA<br /><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-019-0202-2" target="_blank" title="cfMeDIP-seq Nature Method">Read the method</a></h3>
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</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns"><span>The Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation is based on the affinity purification of methylated and hydroxymethylated DNA using, respectively, an antibody directed against 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) in the case of MeDIP or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in the case of hMeDIP.</span><br />
<h2></h2>
<h2>How it works</h2>
<p>In brief, Methyl DNA IP is performed as follows: Genomic DNA from cultured cells or tissues is prepared, sheared, and then denatured. Then, immunoselection and immunoprecipitation can take place using the antibody directed against 5 methylcytosine and antibody binding beads. After isolation and purification is performed, the IP&rsquo;d methylated DNA is ready for any subsequent analysis as qPCR, amplification, hybridization on microarrays or next generation sequencing.</p>
<h2>Applications</h2>
<div align="center"><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/magmedip-kit-x48-48-rxns" class="center alert radius button"> qPCR analysis</a></div>
<div align="center"><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/magmedip-seq-package-V2-x10" class="center alert radius button"> NGS analysis </a></div>
<h2>Advantages</h2>
<ul style="font-size: 19px;" class="nobullet">
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> <strong>Unaffected</strong> DNA</li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> <strong>High enrichment</strong> yield</li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> <strong>Robust</strong> &amp; <strong>reproducible</strong> techniques</li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> <strong>NGS</strong> compatible</li>
</ul>
<h2></h2>
</div>
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			'name' => 'DNA modifications',
			'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">T</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">he pattern of <strong>DNA modifications</strong> is critical for genome stability and the control of gene expression in the cell. Methylation of 5-cytosine (5-mC), one of the best-studied epigenetic marks, is carried out by the <strong>DNA methyltransferases</strong> DNMT3A and B and DNMT1. DNMT3A and DNMT3B are responsible for </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">de novo</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> DNA methylation, whereas DNMT1 maintains existing methylation. 5-mC undergoes active demethylation which is performed by the <strong>Ten-Eleven Translocation</strong> (TET) familly of DNA hydroxylases. The latter consists of 3 members TET1, 2 and 3. All 3 members catalyze the conversion of <strong>5-methylcytosine</strong> (5-mC) into <strong>5-hydroxymethylcytosine</strong> (5-hmC), and further into <strong>5-formylcytosine</strong> (5-fC) and <strong>5-carboxycytosine</strong> (5-caC). 5-fC and 5-caC can be converted to unmodified cytosine by <strong>Thymine DNA Glycosylase</strong> (TDG). It is not yet clear if 5-hmC, 5-fC and 5-caC have specific functions or are simply intermediates in the demethylation of 5-mC.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">DNA methylation is generally considered as a repressive mark and is usually associated with gene silencing. It is essential that the balance between DNA methylation and demethylation is precisely maintained. Dysregulation of DNA methylation may lead to many different human diseases and is often observed in cancer cells.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode offers highly validated antibodies against different proteins involved in DNA modifications as well as against the modified bases allowing the study of all steps and intermediates in the DNA methylation/demethylation pathway:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/dna-methylation.jpg" height="599" width="816" /></p>
<p><strong>Diagenode exclusively sources the original 5-methylcytosine monoclonal antibody (clone 33D3).</strong></p>
<p>Check out the list below to see all proposed antibodies for DNA modifications.</p>
<p>Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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			'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">All Diagenode&rsquo;s antibodies are listed below. Please, use our Quick search field to find the antibody of interest by target name, application, purity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
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			'name' => 'Exclusive Highly Specific Kits Antibodies for DNA HydroxyMethylation Studies',
			'description' => '<p>Cytosine hydroxymethylation was recently discovered as an important epigenetic mechanism. This cytosine base modification results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) by the TET family of oxygenases. Though the precise role of 5-hmC is the subject of intense research and debate, early studies strongly indicate that it is also involved in gene regulation and in numerous important biological processes including embryonic development, cellular differentiation, stem cell reprogramming and carcinogenesis.</p>
<p>The study of 5-hmC has long been limited due to the lack of high quality, validated tools and technologies that discriminate hydroxymethylation from methylation in regulating gene expression. The use of highly specific antibodies against 5-hmC for the immunoprecipitation of hydroxymethylated DNA offers a reliable solution for hydroxymethylation profiling.</p>
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			'name' => 'DNA methylation dynamics underlie metamorphic gene regulation programs in Xenopus tadpole brain.',
			'authors' => 'Kyono Y, Raj S, Sifuentes CJ, Buisine N, Sachs L, Denver RJ',
			'description' => '<p>Methylation of cytosine residues in DNA influences chromatin structure and gene transcription, and its regulation is crucial for brain development. There is mounting evidence that DNA methylation can be modulated by hormone signaling. We analyzed genome-wide changes in DNA methylation and their relationship to gene regulation in the brain of Xenopus tadpoles during metamorphosis, a thyroid hormone-dependent developmental process. We studied the region of the tadpole brain containing neurosecretory neurons that control pituitary hormone secretion, a region that is highly responsive to thyroid hormone action. Using Methylated DNA Capture sequencing (MethylCap-seq) we discovered a diverse landscape of DNA methylation across the tadpole neural cell genome, and pairwise stage comparisons identified several thousand differentially methylated regions (DMRs). During the pre-to pro-metamorphic period, the number of DMRs was lowest (1,163), with demethylation predominating. From pre-metamorphosis to metamorphic climax DMRs nearly doubled (2,204), with methylation predominating. The largest changes in DNA methylation were seen from metamorphic climax to the completion of metamorphosis (2960 DMRs), with 80% of the DMRs representing demethylation. Using RNA sequencing, we found negative correlations between differentially expressed genes and DMRs localized to gene bodies and regions upstream of transcription start sites. DNA demethylation at metamorphosis revealed by MethylCap-seq was corroborated by increased immunoreactivity for the DNA demethylation intermediates 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-carboxymethylcytosine, and the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten eleven translocation 3 that catalyzes DNA demethylation. Our findings show that the genome of tadpole neural cells undergoes significant changes in DNA methylation during metamorphosis, and these changes likely influence chromatin architecture, and gene regulation programs occurring during this developmental period.</p>',
			'date' => '2020-06-15',
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			'doi' => '10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.03.013',
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			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine marks postmitotic neural cells in the adult and developing vertebrate central nervous system',
			'authors' => 'Diotel N et al.',
			'description' => '<p>The epigenetic mark 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a cytosine modification that is abundant in the central nervous system of mammals and which results from 5-methylcytosine oxidation by TET enzymes. Such a mark is suggested to play key roles in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. However, its precise functions still remain poorly understood and information about its distribution in non-mammalian species is still lacking. Here, the distribution of 5hmC was investigated in the brain of adult zebrafish, African claw frog, and mouse in a comparative manner. We show that zebrafish neurons are endowed with high levels of 5hmC, whereas quiescent or proliferative neural progenitors show low to undetectable levels of the modified cytosine. In the brain of larval and juvenile Xenopus, 5hmC is also detected in neurons, while ventricular proliferative cells do not display this epigenetic mark. Similarly, 5hmC is enriched in neurons compared to neural progenitors of the ventricular zone in the mouse developing cortex. Interestingly, 5hmC colocalized with the methylated DNA binding protein MeCP2 and with the active chromatin histone modification H3K4me2 in mouse neurons. Taken together, our results show an evolutionarily conserved cerebral distribution of 5hmC between fish and tetrapods and reinforce the idea that 5hmC fulfills major functions in the control of chromatin activity in vertebrate neurons.</p>',
			'date' => '2016-07-14',
			'pmid' => 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27414756',
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			'name' => 'Transcriptome-wide mapping of 5-methylcytidine RNA modifications in bacteria, archaea, and yeast reveals m5C within archaeal mRNAs.',
			'authors' => 'Edelheit S, Schwartz S, Mumbach MR, Wurtzel O, Sorek R',
			'description' => 'The presence of 5-methylcytidine (m(5)C) in tRNA and rRNA molecules of a wide variety of organisms was first observed more than 40 years ago. However, detection of this modification was limited to specific, abundant, RNA species, due to the usage of low-throughput methods. To obtain a high resolution, systematic, and comprehensive transcriptome-wide overview of m(5)C across the three domains of life, we used bisulfite treatment on total RNA from both gram positive (B. subtilis) and gram negative (E. coli) bacteria, an archaeon (S. solfataricus) and a eukaryote (S. cerevisiae), followed by massively parallel sequencing. We were able to recover most previously documented m(5)C sites on rRNA in the four organisms, and identified several novel sites in yeast and archaeal rRNAs. Our analyses also allowed quantification of methylated m(5)C positions in 64 tRNAs in yeast and archaea, revealing stoichiometric differences between the methylation patterns of these organisms. Molecules of tRNAs in which m(5)C was absent were also discovered. Intriguingly, we detected m(5)C sites within archaeal mRNAs, and identified a consensus motif of AUCGANGU that directs methylation in S. solfataricus. Our results, which were validated using m(5)C-specific RNA immunoprecipitation, provide the first evidence for mRNA modifications in archaea, suggesting that this mode of post-transcriptional regulation extends beyond the eukaryotic domain.',
			'date' => '2013-06-01',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825970',
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		'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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        <div class="small-12 columns">
                         <a href="/cn/p/5-mc-monoclonal-antibody-33d3-premium-100-ug-50-ul"><img src="/img/product/antibodies/antibody.png" alt="Mouse IgG" class="th"/></a>        </div>



        <div class="small-12 columns">
            <div class="small-6 columns" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;margin-top:-6px;margin-left:-1px">
                <span class="success label" style="">C15200081-100</span>
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    <div class="small-12 medium-12 large-12 columns">
        
        <p>将 <input name="data[Cart][quantity]" placeholder="1" value="1" min="1" style="width:60px;display:inline" type="number" id="CartQuantity" required="required"/> <strong> 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3</strong> 添加至我的购物车。</p>

        <div class="row">
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                <button class="alert small button expand" onclick="$(this).addToCart('5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3',
                    'C15200081-100',
                     '575',
                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="checkout" id="checkout" value="checkout" type="submit">结账</button>            </div>
            <div class="small-6 medium-6 large-6 columns">
                <button class="alert small button expand" onclick="$(this).addToCart('5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3',
                    'C15200081-100',
                    '575',
                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="keepshop" id="keepshop" type="submit">继续购物</button>            </div>
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</form><a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close">&#215;</a></div><!-- END: ADD TO CART MODAL --><a href="#" id="5-mc-monoclonal-antibody-33d3-premium-100-ug-50-ul" data-reveal-id="cartModal-1980" class="" style="color:#B21329"><i class="fa fa-cart-plus"></i></a>
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        <div class="small-12 columns" >
            <h6 style="height:60px">5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3</h6>
        </div>

    </div>
</li>
<li>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="small-12 columns">
                         <a href="/cn/p/5-cac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ug"><img src="/img/product/antibodies/antibody.png" alt="Mouse IgG" class="th"/></a>        </div>



        <div class="small-12 columns">
            <div class="small-6 columns" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;margin-top:-6px;margin-left:-1px">
                <span class="success label" style="">C15410204-100</span>
            </div>
            <div class="small-6 columns text-right" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;margin-top:-6px">
                <!--a href="#" style="color:#B21329"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i></a-->
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<div class="row">
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        <p>将 <input name="data[Cart][quantity]" placeholder="1" value="1" min="1" style="width:60px;display:inline" type="number" id="CartQuantity" required="required"/> <strong> 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Antibody </strong> 添加至我的购物车。</p>

        <div class="row">
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                <button class="alert small button expand" onclick="$(this).addToCart('5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Antibody ',
                    'C15410204-100',
                     '380',
                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="checkout" id="checkout" value="checkout" type="submit">结账</button>            </div>
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                    'C15410204-100',
                    '380',
                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="keepshop" id="keepshop" type="submit">继续购物</button>            </div>
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    </div>
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        </div>
        <div class="small-12 columns" >
            <h6 style="height:60px">5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) polyclonal antibody </h6>
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    </div>
</li>
<li>
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                         <a href="/cn/p/5-formylcytosine-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ul"><img src="/img/product/antibodies/antibody.png" alt="Mouse IgG" class="th"/></a>        </div>



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        <p>将 <input name="data[Cart][quantity]" placeholder="1" value="1" min="1" style="width:60px;display:inline" type="number" id="CartQuantity" required="required"/> <strong> 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Antibody </strong> 添加至我的购物车。</p>

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                    'C15310200',
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                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="keepshop" id="keepshop" type="submit">继续购物</button>            </div>
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</div>

</form><a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close">&#215;</a></div><!-- END: ADD TO CART MODAL --><a href="#" id="5-formylcytosine-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ul" data-reveal-id="cartModal-2136" class="" style="color:#B21329"><i class="fa fa-cart-plus"></i></a>
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        </div>
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            <h6 style="height:60px">5-formylcytosine (5-fC) polyclonal antibody </h6>
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	'name' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Antibody ',
	'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
	'label1' => 'Validation Data',
	'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-DIP.png" alt="DIP" height="433" width="400" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. DIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC</strong><br />HEK293 cells were transfected with a reporter gene and hydroxymethylated in vitro with either a pCAG expression vector containing the TET2 catalytic domain (TET2cd) or a negative control pCAG vector. DIP assays were performed on 4 &mu;g of sheared and denatured DNA using 3 &mu;l of the Diagenode antibody against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200) in a total of 500 &mu;l IP buffer. QPCR was performed with primers specific for the reporter gene. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (mean +standard deviation of 3 different experiments).</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-fig1.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="277" width="379" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. Determination of the titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200). The plates were coated with the immunogen. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be &gt;1:100,000.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
	'label2' => 'Target description',
	'info2' => '<p>Until a few years ago, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was the only known modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was discovered. This new modified base is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-mC into 5-hmC by the TET family of oxygenases.</p>
<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. As such it may play a role in the regulation of gene activity. This pathway includes further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group, both catalyzed by TET oxygenases. The formyl and carboxyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) can be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC, 5-hmC and 5-caC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-fC.</p>',
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	'format' => '100 µl',
	'catalog_number' => 'C15310200',
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	'sf_code' => 'C15310200-D001-001161',
	'type' => 'FRE',
	'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
	'price_EUR' => '380',
	'price_USD' => '380',
	'price_GBP' => '340',
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	'slug' => '5-formylcytosine-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ul',
	'meta_title' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
	'meta_keywords' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC), polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
	'meta_description' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in DIP and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
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	'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
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$other_format = array(
	'id' => '2281',
	'antibody_id' => '35',
	'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
	'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
	'label1' => 'Validation Data',
	'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
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	'sf_code' => 'C15410205-D001-000831',
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	'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-20-ug',
	'meta_title' => '5-hmC Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
	'meta_keywords' => '',
	'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in  hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
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	'name' => 'DB',
	'description' => '<p>Dot blotting</p>',
	'in_footer' => false,
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	'tabular' => true,
	'slug' => 'dot-blotting',
	'meta_keywords' => 'Dot blotting,Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibody,',
	'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibodies for Dot blotting applications',
	'meta_title' => 'Dot blotting Antibodies - Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibody | Diagenode',
	'modified' => '2016-01-13 14:40:49',
	'created' => '2015-07-08 13:45:05',
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$description = '<p>Dot blotting</p>'
$name = 'DB'
$document = array(
	'id' => '11',
	'name' => 'Antibodies you can trust',
	'description' => '<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Epigenetic research tools have evolved over time from endpoint PCR to qPCR to the analyses of large sets of genome-wide sequencing data. ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) has now become the gold standard method for chromatin studies, given the accuracy and coverage scale of the approach over other methods. Successful ChIP-seq, however, requires a higher level of experimental accuracy and consistency in all steps of ChIP than ever before. Particularly crucial is the quality of ChIP antibodies. </span></p>',
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	'slug' => 'antibodies-you-can-trust-poster',
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	'name' => 'SDS C15410205 5-hydroxymethylcytosine 5-hmC Antibody rabbit BE nl',
	'language' => 'nl',
	'url' => 'files/SDS/5-hmC/SDS-C15410205-5-hydroxymethylcytosine_5-hmC_Antibody_rabbit_-BE-nl-GHS_2_0-1.pdf',
	'countries' => 'BE',
	'modified' => '2024-01-17 20:16:09',
	'created' => '2024-01-17 20:16:09',
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$publication = array(
	'id' => '1449',
	'name' => 'Transcriptome-wide mapping of 5-methylcytidine RNA modifications in bacteria, archaea, and yeast reveals m5C within archaeal mRNAs.',
	'authors' => 'Edelheit S, Schwartz S, Mumbach MR, Wurtzel O, Sorek R',
	'description' => 'The presence of 5-methylcytidine (m(5)C) in tRNA and rRNA molecules of a wide variety of organisms was first observed more than 40 years ago. However, detection of this modification was limited to specific, abundant, RNA species, due to the usage of low-throughput methods. To obtain a high resolution, systematic, and comprehensive transcriptome-wide overview of m(5)C across the three domains of life, we used bisulfite treatment on total RNA from both gram positive (B. subtilis) and gram negative (E. coli) bacteria, an archaeon (S. solfataricus) and a eukaryote (S. cerevisiae), followed by massively parallel sequencing. We were able to recover most previously documented m(5)C sites on rRNA in the four organisms, and identified several novel sites in yeast and archaeal rRNAs. Our analyses also allowed quantification of methylated m(5)C positions in 64 tRNAs in yeast and archaea, revealing stoichiometric differences between the methylation patterns of these organisms. Molecules of tRNAs in which m(5)C was absent were also discovered. Intriguingly, we detected m(5)C sites within archaeal mRNAs, and identified a consensus motif of AUCGANGU that directs methylation in S. solfataricus. Our results, which were validated using m(5)C-specific RNA immunoprecipitation, provide the first evidence for mRNA modifications in archaea, suggesting that this mode of post-transcriptional regulation extends beyond the eukaryotic domain.',
	'date' => '2013-06-01',
	'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825970',
	'doi' => '',
	'modified' => '2015-07-24 15:39:00',
	'created' => '2015-07-24 15:39:00',
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$externalLink = ' <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825970" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></a>'
include - APP/View/Products/view.ctp, line 755
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
ProductsController::slug() - APP/Controller/ProductsController.php, line 1052
ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ??
Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 491
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 193
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 118

Notice (8): Undefined variable: message [APP/View/Products/view.ctp, line 755]
Code Context
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	'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in  hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
	'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
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			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) polyclonal antibody (rabbit) ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
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Early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may represent an intermediate in a new pathway which demethylates DNA, converting 5-mC to cytosine. Although its precise role has still to be shown, recent results indicate, however, that 5-hmC may play important roles distinct from 5-mC. This may open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.
Due to their structural similarity, 5-mC and 5-hmC are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the validation of this unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in various applications.',
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<td>3.5 μg/IP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
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<td>ELISA</td>
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<td>1:1,1000</td>
<td>Fig 3</td>
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$meta_description = '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in  hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.'
$meta_title = '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode'
$product = array(
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		'id' => '2677',
		'antibody_id' => '35',
		'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) polyclonal antibody (rabbit) ',
		'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
		'label1' => 'Validation Data',
		'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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</div>',
		'label2' => 'Target description',
		'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
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5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. 5-hmC results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Initially, the 5-hmC base had been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where it is present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells). A recent report indicates that 5-hmC is also abundant in brain tissue, especially in areas that are associated with higher cognitive functions.
Early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may represent an intermediate in a new pathway which demethylates DNA, converting 5-mC to cytosine. Although its precise role has still to be shown, recent results indicate, however, that 5-hmC may play important roles distinct from 5-mC. This may open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.
Due to their structural similarity, 5-mC and 5-hmC are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the validation of this unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in various applications.',
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<th>References</th>
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<td>hMeDIP<sup>*</sup> </td>
<td>3.5 μg/IP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
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<tr>
<td>ELISA</td>
<td>1:100 - 1:500</td>
<td>Fig 2</td>
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<tr>
<td>Dot Blotting</td>
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<td>Fig 3</td>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 μg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410205',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'pAb-HMC-050',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410205-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-50-ug',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,Polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in  hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:44:20',
			'created' => '2015-07-31 14:55:13'
		),
		'Product' => array(
			(int) 0 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'Related' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '2362',
			'antibody_id' => '428',
			'name' => 'TET2 Antibody',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against <strong>TET2 (tet oncogene family member 2)</strong>, using a recombinant protein.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410255-TET2-Fig4.jpg" alt="TET2 Antibody ChIP Grade" width="284" height="208" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1. TET2 ChIP results</strong><br /> ChIP was performed with U2OS chromatin extract and 5 &mu;g of either control rabbit IgG or TET2 antibody. The precipitated DNA was detected by PCR with primer set targeting to CCND2. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410255-TET2-Fig1.jpg" alt="TET2 Antibody validated in Immunoprecipitates" width="284" height="345" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2. TET2 IP results</strong> TET2 antibody immunoprecipitates TET2 protein in IP experiments. IP samples: 30 &mu;g whole cell extract of TET2-transfected 293T cells. A. Control with 3 &mu;g of preimmune Rabbit IgG B. Immunoprecipitation of TET2 protein by 3 &mu;g TET2 antibody (Cat. No. C15410255) 5 % SDS-PAGE The immunoprecipitated TET2 protein was detected by TET2 antibody diluted 1:3,000. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410255-TET2-Fig2.jpg" alt="TET2 Antibody validated in Immunofluorescent" width="284" height="112" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3. TET2 IF results</strong> TET2 antibody detects TET2 protein in the nucleus by immunofluorescent analysis. Sample: HeLa cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at RT for 15 min. Green: TET2 protein stained by TET2 antibody (Cat. No. C15410255) diluted 1:500. Blue: Hoechst 33342 staining. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410255-TET2-Fig3.jpg" alt="TET2 Antibody validated in Western Blot" width="150" height="258" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. TET2 Western blot results</strong> TET2 antibody detects TET2 protein by Western blot analysis. A. 30 &mu;g 293T whole cell extract B. 30 &mu;g whole cell extract of human TET2-transfected 293T cells 5 % SDS-PAGE TET2 antibody (Cat. No. C15410255) dilution: 1:5000. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>TET2 (UniProt/Swiss-Prot entry Q6N021) is a methylcytosine dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA and is abundant in Purkinje neurons, granule cells, embryonic stem cells, and brain tissue, especially in areas that are associated with higher cognitive function. Although its precise role has still to be shown, recent studies indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. Mutations in TET2 have been associated with myeloproliferative diseases such as essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera and primary myelofibrosis.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 μl',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410255-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => '',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410255-D001-001161',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '395',
			'price_USD' => '410',
			'price_GBP' => '345',
			'price_JPY' => '61875',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '1025',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => 'tet2-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-mg',
			'meta_title' => 'TET2 Antibody - ChIP Grade (C15410255) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '',
			'meta_description' => 'TET2 (Tet oncogene family member 2) Polyclonal Antibody validated  in ChIP-qPCR, IP, WB and IF.',
			'modified' => '2022-01-05 15:05:23',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '2429',
			'antibody_id' => '429',
			'name' => 'TET3 Antibody ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against TET3 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 3), using 4 KLH-conjugated synthetic peptides containing sequences from different parts of the protein.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-ELISA.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="301" width="400" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of Diagenode antibody directed against mouse TET3 (cat. No. C15410311). The plates were coated with the peptides used for immunization of the rabbit. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:20,300.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-WB.jpg" alt="Western blot" height="167" width="123" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 2. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br />Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-WB2.jpg" alt="Western blot" height="185" width="142" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br /> Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:200 in TBS- Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. Lane 2 shows the results after incubation of the antibody with the immunizing peptides. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>TET3 (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry O43151) is a member of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) gene family which play a role in the DNA methylation process. It catalyzes the conversion of the modified genomic base 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) which is the first step in demethylation of the DNA. TET3 may therefore play an important role in gene activation and plays a key role in epigenetic chromatin reprogramming in the zygote following fertilization. Diseases associated with TET3 include acute myeloid leukemia.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 μg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410311',
			'old_catalog_number' => '',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410311-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '260',
			'price_USD' => '260',
			'price_GBP' => '245',
			'price_JPY' => '40730',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '650',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => 'tet3-polyclonal-antibody-pioneer-50-mg',
			'meta_title' => 'TET3 Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '',
			'meta_description' => 'TET3 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 3) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in WB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. ',
			'modified' => '2022-01-05 16:06:44',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '1980',
			'antibody_id' => '630',
			'name' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3',
			'description' => '<p><span>Monoclonal antibody raised in mouse against&nbsp;</span><b>5-mC</b><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(</span><b>5-methylcytosine</b><span>) conjugated to ovalbumine (</span><b>33D3 clone</b><span>).</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_ChIPSeq-A.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP-seq" caption="false" width="886" height="173" /></p>
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_ChIPSeq-B.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP-seq" caption="false" width="886" height="184" /></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. MeDIP-seq with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br /> Genomic DNA from E14 ES cells was sheared with the Bioruptor&reg; to generate random fragments (size range 300 to 700 bp). One &micro;g of the fragmented DNA was ligated to Illumina adapters and the resulting DNA was used for a standard MeDIP assay, using 2 &micro;g of the Diagenode monoclonal against 5-mC (Cat. No. C15200081). After recovery of the methylated DNA, Illumina sequencing libraries were generated and sequenced on an Illumina Genome Analyzer according to the manufacturer&rsquo;s instructions. Figure 1A and 1B show Genome browser views of CA simple repeat elements with read distributions specific for 5-mC at 2 gene locations (SigleC15 and Mfsd4). Visual inspection of the peak profiles in a genome browser reveals high enrichment of CA simple repeats in affinity-enriched methylated fragments after MeDIP with the Diagenode 5-mC monoclonal antibody.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_medip.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP" caption="false" width="355" height="372" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. MeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br /> MeDIP (Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation) was performed on 1 &micro;g fragmented human genomic DNA using 0.2 &micro;g of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against 5-mC (cat. No. C15200081) and the MagMeDIP Kit (cat. No. C02010021). The fragmented DNA was spiked with the internal controls present in the kit (methylated DNA (meDNA) as a positive and unmethylated DNA (unDNA) as a negative control) prior to performing the IP. QPCR was performed with optimized primer sets, included in the kit, specific for the methylated and unmethylated DNA controls, and for a known methylated (TSH2B) and unmethylated (GAPDH) genomic region. Figure 2 shows the recovery expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis).</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-3 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_Dotblot.png" alt=" 5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in dot blot" caption="false" width="201" height="196" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 3. Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-mC (cat. No. C15200081), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (cat. No. C02040010). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the methylated control.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_IF1.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody for immunofluorescence" height="121" width="500" caption="false" /></center></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against 5-mC (Cat. No. C15200081) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10&rsquo; and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the 5-mC antibody (middle) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<!--
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_SPR.png" alt="5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody" surface="" plasmon="" resonance="" caption="false" width="700" height="372" /></center></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 5. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis of the the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />A synthesized biotin-labeled 5-mC conjugate was immobilized on a CM4 BIAcore sensorchip (GE Healthcare, France). Briefly, two flowcells were prepared by sequential injections of EDC/NHS, streptavidin, and ethanolamine. One of these flowcells served as negative control (biotinylated spacer without 5-mC), while biotinylated 5-mC conjugate was injected in the other one, to get an immobilization level of 55 response units (RU). All SPR experiments were performed, using HBS-N buffer (10 mM HEPES,150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), at a flow rate of 5 &micro;l/min. Interaction assays involved injections of 2 different dilutions of the Diagenode 5-mC monoclonal antibody (Cat. No. C15200081) over the biotinylated 5-mC conjugate and negative control surfaces, followed by a 3 min washing step with HBS-N buffer to allow dissociation of the complexes formed. At the end of each cycle, the streptavidin surface was regenerated by injection of 0.1M citric acid (pH=3).</small></p>
<p><small>The sensorgrams correspond to the biotinylated 5-mC conjugate surface signal subtracted with the negative control. Data from the sensorgrams that reached binding equilibrium were used for Scatchard analysis. The value of the dissociation constant (kd) obtained by global fitting and 1:1 Langmuir model is 65 nM.</small></p>
</div>
</div>-->',
			'label2' => '',
			'info2' => '',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15200081-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'MAb-081-100',
			'sf_code' => 'C15200081-D001-000526',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '505',
			'price_USD' => '575',
			'price_GBP' => '450',
			'price_JPY' => '79110',
			'price_CNY' => '0',
			'price_AUD' => '1438',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => 'October 27, 2020',
			'slug' => '5-mc-monoclonal-antibody-33d3-premium-100-ug-50-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3 (C15200081) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC),monoclonal antibody,Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation',
			'meta_description' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Monoclonal Antibody, clone 33D3  validated  in MeDIP-seq, MeDIP, DB and IF. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2023-05-17 10:08:33',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '2280',
			'antibody_id' => '234',
			'name' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Antibody ',
			'description' => '<div data-canvas-width="124.25999999999996" style="left: 329.401px; top: 425.793px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.0021);">Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-Carboxylcytosine (5ca-CMP monophosphate) conjugated to BSA.</div>
<p><span>&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><strong></strong></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-3 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-Dotblot.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 1. Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050), a Dot Blot analysis was performed using synthetic oligonucleotides containing different modified C-bases (indicated in red). 125 and 25 ng of the respective oligo&rsquo;s were bound to a Streptavindin-coated multi-well plate. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. The binding of antibody to the DNA was measured by ECL chemiluminescence. Figure 1 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the carboxylated cytosine. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-Immunostaining.jpg" alt="Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 2. Immunofluorescence assay using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> 293T cells were transfected with either the mouse FLAG-tagged wild-type Tet1 (Tet1 CD) or the catalytically inactive FLAG-tagged C-terminal domain of Tet1 (Tet1 mCD) and stained with the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050), diluted 1:500, and with an anti-FLAG antibody, followed by DAPI counterstaining. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-chip.jpg" alt="Immunoprecipitation" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 3. Immunoprecipitation using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> Immunoprecipitation was performed with the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050) on 2 &mu;g of J1 ES genomic DNA, spiked with 1 pg of a control DNA fragment (approximately 700 bp from the RFP (Ring finger protein) gene) containing different cytosine modifications. The mC and hmC control DNA was generated by PCR with the corresponding nucleotide. The caC control fragment was obtained by in vitro methylation using M.SssI methyltransferase followed by oxidation with purified Tet2. The IP&rsquo;d DNA was subsequently anaysed by qPCR using primers specific for the control DNA fragments and for GAPDH, used as a negative control. Figure 3 shows the enrichment calculated as the ratio of the recovery of the control DNA versus the recovery of the GAPDH negative control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>Until recently, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was the only known modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was discovered. This new modified base (also called the Sixth base) is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-mC into 5-hmC by the TET family of oxygenases.</p>
<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. This pathway could involve further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group followed by either deformylation or decarboxylation. The carboxyl and formyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) could be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC and 5-hmC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-Carboxycytosine.</p>',
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			'format' => '100 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410204-100',
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			'meta_title' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
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			'name' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Antibody ',
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			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-DIP.png" alt="DIP" height="433" width="400" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. DIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC</strong><br />HEK293 cells were transfected with a reporter gene and hydroxymethylated in vitro with either a pCAG expression vector containing the TET2 catalytic domain (TET2cd) or a negative control pCAG vector. DIP assays were performed on 4 &mu;g of sheared and denatured DNA using 3 &mu;l of the Diagenode antibody against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200) in a total of 500 &mu;l IP buffer. QPCR was performed with primers specific for the reporter gene. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (mean +standard deviation of 3 different experiments).</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-fig1.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="277" width="379" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. Determination of the titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200). The plates were coated with the immunogen. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be &gt;1:100,000.</small></p>
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<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. As such it may play a role in the regulation of gene activity. This pathway includes further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group, both catalyzed by TET oxygenases. The formyl and carboxyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) can be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC, 5-hmC and 5-caC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-fC.</p>',
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			'meta_description' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in DIP and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
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			'name' => 'Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation',
			'description' => '<div class="row extra-spaced">
<div class="small-12 medium-3 large-3 columns"><center><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30429608" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/banners/banner-nature-publication-580.png" /></a></center></div>
<div class="small-12 medium-9 large-9 columns">
<h3>Sensitive tumour detection and classification using plasma cell-free DNA methylomes<br /><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30429608" target="_blank">Read the publication</a></h3>
<h3 class="c-article-title u-h1" data-test="article-title" itemprop="name headline">Preparation of cfMeDIP-seq libraries for methylome profiling of plasma cell-free DNA<br /><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-019-0202-2" target="_blank" title="cfMeDIP-seq Nature Method">Read the method</a></h3>
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</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns"><span>The Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation is based on the affinity purification of methylated and hydroxymethylated DNA using, respectively, an antibody directed against 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) in the case of MeDIP or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in the case of hMeDIP.</span><br />
<h2></h2>
<h2>How it works</h2>
<p>In brief, Methyl DNA IP is performed as follows: Genomic DNA from cultured cells or tissues is prepared, sheared, and then denatured. Then, immunoselection and immunoprecipitation can take place using the antibody directed against 5 methylcytosine and antibody binding beads. After isolation and purification is performed, the IP&rsquo;d methylated DNA is ready for any subsequent analysis as qPCR, amplification, hybridization on microarrays or next generation sequencing.</p>
<h2>Applications</h2>
<div align="center"><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/magmedip-kit-x48-48-rxns" class="center alert radius button"> qPCR analysis</a></div>
<div align="center"><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/magmedip-seq-package-V2-x10" class="center alert radius button"> NGS analysis </a></div>
<h2>Advantages</h2>
<ul style="font-size: 19px;" class="nobullet">
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> <strong>Unaffected</strong> DNA</li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> <strong>High enrichment</strong> yield</li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> <strong>Robust</strong> &amp; <strong>reproducible</strong> techniques</li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> <strong>NGS</strong> compatible</li>
</ul>
<h2></h2>
</div>
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			'name' => 'DNA modifications',
			'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">T</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">he pattern of <strong>DNA modifications</strong> is critical for genome stability and the control of gene expression in the cell. Methylation of 5-cytosine (5-mC), one of the best-studied epigenetic marks, is carried out by the <strong>DNA methyltransferases</strong> DNMT3A and B and DNMT1. DNMT3A and DNMT3B are responsible for </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">de novo</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> DNA methylation, whereas DNMT1 maintains existing methylation. 5-mC undergoes active demethylation which is performed by the <strong>Ten-Eleven Translocation</strong> (TET) familly of DNA hydroxylases. The latter consists of 3 members TET1, 2 and 3. All 3 members catalyze the conversion of <strong>5-methylcytosine</strong> (5-mC) into <strong>5-hydroxymethylcytosine</strong> (5-hmC), and further into <strong>5-formylcytosine</strong> (5-fC) and <strong>5-carboxycytosine</strong> (5-caC). 5-fC and 5-caC can be converted to unmodified cytosine by <strong>Thymine DNA Glycosylase</strong> (TDG). It is not yet clear if 5-hmC, 5-fC and 5-caC have specific functions or are simply intermediates in the demethylation of 5-mC.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">DNA methylation is generally considered as a repressive mark and is usually associated with gene silencing. It is essential that the balance between DNA methylation and demethylation is precisely maintained. Dysregulation of DNA methylation may lead to many different human diseases and is often observed in cancer cells.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode offers highly validated antibodies against different proteins involved in DNA modifications as well as against the modified bases allowing the study of all steps and intermediates in the DNA methylation/demethylation pathway:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/dna-methylation.jpg" height="599" width="816" /></p>
<p><strong>Diagenode exclusively sources the original 5-methylcytosine monoclonal antibody (clone 33D3).</strong></p>
<p>Check out the list below to see all proposed antibodies for DNA modifications.</p>
<p>Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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			'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">All Diagenode&rsquo;s antibodies are listed below. Please, use our Quick search field to find the antibody of interest by target name, application, purity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
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			'name' => 'Exclusive Highly Specific Kits Antibodies for DNA HydroxyMethylation Studies',
			'description' => '<p>Cytosine hydroxymethylation was recently discovered as an important epigenetic mechanism. This cytosine base modification results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) by the TET family of oxygenases. Though the precise role of 5-hmC is the subject of intense research and debate, early studies strongly indicate that it is also involved in gene regulation and in numerous important biological processes including embryonic development, cellular differentiation, stem cell reprogramming and carcinogenesis.</p>
<p>The study of 5-hmC has long been limited due to the lack of high quality, validated tools and technologies that discriminate hydroxymethylation from methylation in regulating gene expression. The use of highly specific antibodies against 5-hmC for the immunoprecipitation of hydroxymethylated DNA offers a reliable solution for hydroxymethylation profiling.</p>
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			'name' => 'DNA methylation dynamics underlie metamorphic gene regulation programs in Xenopus tadpole brain.',
			'authors' => 'Kyono Y, Raj S, Sifuentes CJ, Buisine N, Sachs L, Denver RJ',
			'description' => '<p>Methylation of cytosine residues in DNA influences chromatin structure and gene transcription, and its regulation is crucial for brain development. There is mounting evidence that DNA methylation can be modulated by hormone signaling. We analyzed genome-wide changes in DNA methylation and their relationship to gene regulation in the brain of Xenopus tadpoles during metamorphosis, a thyroid hormone-dependent developmental process. We studied the region of the tadpole brain containing neurosecretory neurons that control pituitary hormone secretion, a region that is highly responsive to thyroid hormone action. Using Methylated DNA Capture sequencing (MethylCap-seq) we discovered a diverse landscape of DNA methylation across the tadpole neural cell genome, and pairwise stage comparisons identified several thousand differentially methylated regions (DMRs). During the pre-to pro-metamorphic period, the number of DMRs was lowest (1,163), with demethylation predominating. From pre-metamorphosis to metamorphic climax DMRs nearly doubled (2,204), with methylation predominating. The largest changes in DNA methylation were seen from metamorphic climax to the completion of metamorphosis (2960 DMRs), with 80% of the DMRs representing demethylation. Using RNA sequencing, we found negative correlations between differentially expressed genes and DMRs localized to gene bodies and regions upstream of transcription start sites. DNA demethylation at metamorphosis revealed by MethylCap-seq was corroborated by increased immunoreactivity for the DNA demethylation intermediates 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-carboxymethylcytosine, and the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten eleven translocation 3 that catalyzes DNA demethylation. Our findings show that the genome of tadpole neural cells undergoes significant changes in DNA methylation during metamorphosis, and these changes likely influence chromatin architecture, and gene regulation programs occurring during this developmental period.</p>',
			'date' => '2020-06-15',
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			'doi' => '10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.03.013',
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			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine marks postmitotic neural cells in the adult and developing vertebrate central nervous system',
			'authors' => 'Diotel N et al.',
			'description' => '<p>The epigenetic mark 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a cytosine modification that is abundant in the central nervous system of mammals and which results from 5-methylcytosine oxidation by TET enzymes. Such a mark is suggested to play key roles in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. However, its precise functions still remain poorly understood and information about its distribution in non-mammalian species is still lacking. Here, the distribution of 5hmC was investigated in the brain of adult zebrafish, African claw frog, and mouse in a comparative manner. We show that zebrafish neurons are endowed with high levels of 5hmC, whereas quiescent or proliferative neural progenitors show low to undetectable levels of the modified cytosine. In the brain of larval and juvenile Xenopus, 5hmC is also detected in neurons, while ventricular proliferative cells do not display this epigenetic mark. Similarly, 5hmC is enriched in neurons compared to neural progenitors of the ventricular zone in the mouse developing cortex. Interestingly, 5hmC colocalized with the methylated DNA binding protein MeCP2 and with the active chromatin histone modification H3K4me2 in mouse neurons. Taken together, our results show an evolutionarily conserved cerebral distribution of 5hmC between fish and tetrapods and reinforce the idea that 5hmC fulfills major functions in the control of chromatin activity in vertebrate neurons.</p>',
			'date' => '2016-07-14',
			'pmid' => 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27414756',
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			'name' => 'Transcriptome-wide mapping of 5-methylcytidine RNA modifications in bacteria, archaea, and yeast reveals m5C within archaeal mRNAs.',
			'authors' => 'Edelheit S, Schwartz S, Mumbach MR, Wurtzel O, Sorek R',
			'description' => 'The presence of 5-methylcytidine (m(5)C) in tRNA and rRNA molecules of a wide variety of organisms was first observed more than 40 years ago. However, detection of this modification was limited to specific, abundant, RNA species, due to the usage of low-throughput methods. To obtain a high resolution, systematic, and comprehensive transcriptome-wide overview of m(5)C across the three domains of life, we used bisulfite treatment on total RNA from both gram positive (B. subtilis) and gram negative (E. coli) bacteria, an archaeon (S. solfataricus) and a eukaryote (S. cerevisiae), followed by massively parallel sequencing. We were able to recover most previously documented m(5)C sites on rRNA in the four organisms, and identified several novel sites in yeast and archaeal rRNAs. Our analyses also allowed quantification of methylated m(5)C positions in 64 tRNAs in yeast and archaea, revealing stoichiometric differences between the methylation patterns of these organisms. Molecules of tRNAs in which m(5)C was absent were also discovered. Intriguingly, we detected m(5)C sites within archaeal mRNAs, and identified a consensus motif of AUCGANGU that directs methylation in S. solfataricus. Our results, which were validated using m(5)C-specific RNA immunoprecipitation, provide the first evidence for mRNA modifications in archaea, suggesting that this mode of post-transcriptional regulation extends beyond the eukaryotic domain.',
			'date' => '2013-06-01',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825970',
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		'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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        <div class="small-12 columns">
                         <a href="/cn/p/5-mc-monoclonal-antibody-33d3-premium-100-ug-50-ul"><img src="/img/product/antibodies/antibody.png" alt="Mouse IgG" class="th"/></a>        </div>



        <div class="small-12 columns">
            <div class="small-6 columns" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;margin-top:-6px;margin-left:-1px">
                <span class="success label" style="">C15200081-100</span>
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    <div class="small-12 medium-12 large-12 columns">
        
        <p>将 <input name="data[Cart][quantity]" placeholder="1" value="1" min="1" style="width:60px;display:inline" type="number" id="CartQuantity" required="required"/> <strong> 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3</strong> 添加至我的购物车。</p>

        <div class="row">
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                <button class="alert small button expand" onclick="$(this).addToCart('5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3',
                    'C15200081-100',
                     '575',
                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="checkout" id="checkout" value="checkout" type="submit">结账</button>            </div>
            <div class="small-6 medium-6 large-6 columns">
                <button class="alert small button expand" onclick="$(this).addToCart('5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3',
                    'C15200081-100',
                    '575',
                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="keepshop" id="keepshop" type="submit">继续购物</button>            </div>
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</form><a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close">&#215;</a></div><!-- END: ADD TO CART MODAL --><a href="#" id="5-mc-monoclonal-antibody-33d3-premium-100-ug-50-ul" data-reveal-id="cartModal-1980" class="" style="color:#B21329"><i class="fa fa-cart-plus"></i></a>
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        <div class="small-12 columns" >
            <h6 style="height:60px">5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3</h6>
        </div>

    </div>
</li>
<li>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="small-12 columns">
                         <a href="/cn/p/5-cac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ug"><img src="/img/product/antibodies/antibody.png" alt="Mouse IgG" class="th"/></a>        </div>



        <div class="small-12 columns">
            <div class="small-6 columns" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;margin-top:-6px;margin-left:-1px">
                <span class="success label" style="">C15410204-100</span>
            </div>
            <div class="small-6 columns text-right" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;margin-top:-6px">
                <!--a href="#" style="color:#B21329"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i></a-->
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<div class="row">
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        <p>将 <input name="data[Cart][quantity]" placeholder="1" value="1" min="1" style="width:60px;display:inline" type="number" id="CartQuantity" required="required"/> <strong> 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Antibody </strong> 添加至我的购物车。</p>

        <div class="row">
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                <button class="alert small button expand" onclick="$(this).addToCart('5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Antibody ',
                    'C15410204-100',
                     '380',
                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="checkout" id="checkout" value="checkout" type="submit">结账</button>            </div>
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                    'C15410204-100',
                    '380',
                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="keepshop" id="keepshop" type="submit">继续购物</button>            </div>
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    </div>
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        </div>
        <div class="small-12 columns" >
            <h6 style="height:60px">5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) polyclonal antibody </h6>
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    </div>
</li>
<li>
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                         <a href="/cn/p/5-formylcytosine-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ul"><img src="/img/product/antibodies/antibody.png" alt="Mouse IgG" class="th"/></a>        </div>



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        <p>将 <input name="data[Cart][quantity]" placeholder="1" value="1" min="1" style="width:60px;display:inline" type="number" id="CartQuantity" required="required"/> <strong> 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Antibody </strong> 添加至我的购物车。</p>

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                    'C15310200',
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                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="keepshop" id="keepshop" type="submit">继续购物</button>            </div>
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</div>

</form><a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close">&#215;</a></div><!-- END: ADD TO CART MODAL --><a href="#" id="5-formylcytosine-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ul" data-reveal-id="cartModal-2136" class="" style="color:#B21329"><i class="fa fa-cart-plus"></i></a>
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        </div>
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            <h6 style="height:60px">5-formylcytosine (5-fC) polyclonal antibody </h6>
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	'name' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Antibody ',
	'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
	'label1' => 'Validation Data',
	'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-DIP.png" alt="DIP" height="433" width="400" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. DIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC</strong><br />HEK293 cells were transfected with a reporter gene and hydroxymethylated in vitro with either a pCAG expression vector containing the TET2 catalytic domain (TET2cd) or a negative control pCAG vector. DIP assays were performed on 4 &mu;g of sheared and denatured DNA using 3 &mu;l of the Diagenode antibody against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200) in a total of 500 &mu;l IP buffer. QPCR was performed with primers specific for the reporter gene. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (mean +standard deviation of 3 different experiments).</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-fig1.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="277" width="379" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. Determination of the titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200). The plates were coated with the immunogen. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be &gt;1:100,000.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
	'label2' => 'Target description',
	'info2' => '<p>Until a few years ago, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was the only known modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was discovered. This new modified base is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-mC into 5-hmC by the TET family of oxygenases.</p>
<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. As such it may play a role in the regulation of gene activity. This pathway includes further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group, both catalyzed by TET oxygenases. The formyl and carboxyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) can be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC, 5-hmC and 5-caC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-fC.</p>',
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	'format' => '100 µl',
	'catalog_number' => 'C15310200',
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	'sf_code' => 'C15310200-D001-001161',
	'type' => 'FRE',
	'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
	'price_EUR' => '380',
	'price_USD' => '380',
	'price_GBP' => '340',
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	'slug' => '5-formylcytosine-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ul',
	'meta_title' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
	'meta_keywords' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC), polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
	'meta_description' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in DIP and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
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	'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
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$other_format = array(
	'id' => '2281',
	'antibody_id' => '35',
	'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
	'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
	'label1' => 'Validation Data',
	'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
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	'sf_code' => 'C15410205-D001-000831',
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	'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-20-ug',
	'meta_title' => '5-hmC Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
	'meta_keywords' => '',
	'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in  hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
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	'name' => 'DB',
	'description' => '<p>Dot blotting</p>',
	'in_footer' => false,
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	'tabular' => true,
	'slug' => 'dot-blotting',
	'meta_keywords' => 'Dot blotting,Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibody,',
	'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibodies for Dot blotting applications',
	'meta_title' => 'Dot blotting Antibodies - Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibody | Diagenode',
	'modified' => '2016-01-13 14:40:49',
	'created' => '2015-07-08 13:45:05',
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$description = '<p>Dot blotting</p>'
$name = 'DB'
$document = array(
	'id' => '11',
	'name' => 'Antibodies you can trust',
	'description' => '<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Epigenetic research tools have evolved over time from endpoint PCR to qPCR to the analyses of large sets of genome-wide sequencing data. ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) has now become the gold standard method for chromatin studies, given the accuracy and coverage scale of the approach over other methods. Successful ChIP-seq, however, requires a higher level of experimental accuracy and consistency in all steps of ChIP than ever before. Particularly crucial is the quality of ChIP antibodies. </span></p>',
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	'slug' => 'antibodies-you-can-trust-poster',
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	'name' => 'SDS C15410205 5-hydroxymethylcytosine 5-hmC Antibody rabbit BE nl',
	'language' => 'nl',
	'url' => 'files/SDS/5-hmC/SDS-C15410205-5-hydroxymethylcytosine_5-hmC_Antibody_rabbit_-BE-nl-GHS_2_0-1.pdf',
	'countries' => 'BE',
	'modified' => '2024-01-17 20:16:09',
	'created' => '2024-01-17 20:16:09',
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$publication = array(
	'id' => '1449',
	'name' => 'Transcriptome-wide mapping of 5-methylcytidine RNA modifications in bacteria, archaea, and yeast reveals m5C within archaeal mRNAs.',
	'authors' => 'Edelheit S, Schwartz S, Mumbach MR, Wurtzel O, Sorek R',
	'description' => 'The presence of 5-methylcytidine (m(5)C) in tRNA and rRNA molecules of a wide variety of organisms was first observed more than 40 years ago. However, detection of this modification was limited to specific, abundant, RNA species, due to the usage of low-throughput methods. To obtain a high resolution, systematic, and comprehensive transcriptome-wide overview of m(5)C across the three domains of life, we used bisulfite treatment on total RNA from both gram positive (B. subtilis) and gram negative (E. coli) bacteria, an archaeon (S. solfataricus) and a eukaryote (S. cerevisiae), followed by massively parallel sequencing. We were able to recover most previously documented m(5)C sites on rRNA in the four organisms, and identified several novel sites in yeast and archaeal rRNAs. Our analyses also allowed quantification of methylated m(5)C positions in 64 tRNAs in yeast and archaea, revealing stoichiometric differences between the methylation patterns of these organisms. Molecules of tRNAs in which m(5)C was absent were also discovered. Intriguingly, we detected m(5)C sites within archaeal mRNAs, and identified a consensus motif of AUCGANGU that directs methylation in S. solfataricus. Our results, which were validated using m(5)C-specific RNA immunoprecipitation, provide the first evidence for mRNA modifications in archaea, suggesting that this mode of post-transcriptional regulation extends beyond the eukaryotic domain.',
	'date' => '2013-06-01',
	'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825970',
	'doi' => '',
	'modified' => '2015-07-24 15:39:00',
	'created' => '2015-07-24 15:39:00',
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$externalLink = ' <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825970" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></a>'
include - APP/View/Products/view.ctp, line 755
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
ProductsController::slug() - APP/Controller/ProductsController.php, line 1052
ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ??
Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 491
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 193
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 118

Notice (8): Undefined variable: campaign_id [APP/View/Products/view.ctp, line 755]
Code Context
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	'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
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			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) polyclonal antibody (rabbit) ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
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Early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may represent an intermediate in a new pathway which demethylates DNA, converting 5-mC to cytosine. Although its precise role has still to be shown, recent results indicate, however, that 5-hmC may play important roles distinct from 5-mC. This may open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.
Due to their structural similarity, 5-mC and 5-hmC are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the validation of this unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in various applications.',
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<td>3.5 μg/IP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
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<td>Fig 2</td>
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$meta_description = '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in  hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.'
$meta_title = '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode'
$product = array(
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		'id' => '2677',
		'antibody_id' => '35',
		'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) polyclonal antibody (rabbit) ',
		'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
		'label1' => 'Validation Data',
		'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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</div>',
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		'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
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5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. 5-hmC results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Initially, the 5-hmC base had been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where it is present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells). A recent report indicates that 5-hmC is also abundant in brain tissue, especially in areas that are associated with higher cognitive functions.
Early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may represent an intermediate in a new pathway which demethylates DNA, converting 5-mC to cytosine. Although its precise role has still to be shown, recent results indicate, however, that 5-hmC may play important roles distinct from 5-mC. This may open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.
Due to their structural similarity, 5-mC and 5-hmC are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the validation of this unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in various applications.',
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<th>References</th>
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<td>hMeDIP<sup>*</sup> </td>
<td>3.5 μg/IP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
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<tr>
<td>ELISA</td>
<td>1:100 - 1:500</td>
<td>Fig 2</td>
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<tr>
<td>Dot Blotting</td>
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<td>Fig 3</td>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells).</p>
<p>Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies.</p>
<p>Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. The development of the affinity-based technologies appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 μg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410205',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'pAb-HMC-050',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410205-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '380',
			'price_USD' => '380',
			'price_GBP' => '340',
			'price_JPY' => '59525',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '950',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-50-ug',
			'meta_title' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine,Polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
			'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in  hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2024-11-19 16:44:20',
			'created' => '2015-07-31 14:55:13'
		),
		'Product' => array(
			(int) 0 => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'Related' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'id' => '2362',
			'antibody_id' => '428',
			'name' => 'TET2 Antibody',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against <strong>TET2 (tet oncogene family member 2)</strong>, using a recombinant protein.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410255-TET2-Fig4.jpg" alt="TET2 Antibody ChIP Grade" width="284" height="208" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1. TET2 ChIP results</strong><br /> ChIP was performed with U2OS chromatin extract and 5 &mu;g of either control rabbit IgG or TET2 antibody. The precipitated DNA was detected by PCR with primer set targeting to CCND2. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410255-TET2-Fig1.jpg" alt="TET2 Antibody validated in Immunoprecipitates" width="284" height="345" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2. TET2 IP results</strong> TET2 antibody immunoprecipitates TET2 protein in IP experiments. IP samples: 30 &mu;g whole cell extract of TET2-transfected 293T cells. A. Control with 3 &mu;g of preimmune Rabbit IgG B. Immunoprecipitation of TET2 protein by 3 &mu;g TET2 antibody (Cat. No. C15410255) 5 % SDS-PAGE The immunoprecipitated TET2 protein was detected by TET2 antibody diluted 1:3,000. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410255-TET2-Fig2.jpg" alt="TET2 Antibody validated in Immunofluorescent" width="284" height="112" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3. TET2 IF results</strong> TET2 antibody detects TET2 protein in the nucleus by immunofluorescent analysis. Sample: HeLa cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at RT for 15 min. Green: TET2 protein stained by TET2 antibody (Cat. No. C15410255) diluted 1:500. Blue: Hoechst 33342 staining. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410255-TET2-Fig3.jpg" alt="TET2 Antibody validated in Western Blot" width="150" height="258" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 4. TET2 Western blot results</strong> TET2 antibody detects TET2 protein by Western blot analysis. A. 30 &mu;g 293T whole cell extract B. 30 &mu;g whole cell extract of human TET2-transfected 293T cells 5 % SDS-PAGE TET2 antibody (Cat. No. C15410255) dilution: 1:5000. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>TET2 (UniProt/Swiss-Prot entry Q6N021) is a methylcytosine dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA and is abundant in Purkinje neurons, granule cells, embryonic stem cells, and brain tissue, especially in areas that are associated with higher cognitive function. Although its precise role has still to be shown, recent studies indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. Mutations in TET2 have been associated with myeloproliferative diseases such as essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera and primary myelofibrosis.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 μl',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410255-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => '',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410255-D001-001161',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '395',
			'price_USD' => '410',
			'price_GBP' => '345',
			'price_JPY' => '61875',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '1025',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => 'tet2-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-mg',
			'meta_title' => 'TET2 Antibody - ChIP Grade (C15410255) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '',
			'meta_description' => 'TET2 (Tet oncogene family member 2) Polyclonal Antibody validated  in ChIP-qPCR, IP, WB and IF.',
			'modified' => '2022-01-05 15:05:23',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'id' => '2429',
			'antibody_id' => '429',
			'name' => 'TET3 Antibody ',
			'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against TET3 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 3), using 4 KLH-conjugated synthetic peptides containing sequences from different parts of the protein.</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-ELISA.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="301" width="400" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of Diagenode antibody directed against mouse TET3 (cat. No. C15410311). The plates were coated with the peptides used for immunization of the rabbit. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:20,300.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-WB.jpg" alt="Western blot" height="167" width="123" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 2. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br />Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410311-WB2.jpg" alt="Western blot" height="185" width="142" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small> <strong>Figure 3. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against TET3</strong><br /> Whole cell extracts (25 &mu;g) from Jurkat cells were analysed by Western blot using the Diagenode antibody against TET3 (cat. No. C15410311) diluted 1:200 in TBS- Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. Lane 2 shows the results after incubation of the antibody with the immunizing peptides. The position of the protein of interest is indicated on the right; the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>TET3 (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry O43151) is a member of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) gene family which play a role in the DNA methylation process. It catalyzes the conversion of the modified genomic base 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) which is the first step in demethylation of the DNA. TET3 may therefore play an important role in gene activation and plays a key role in epigenetic chromatin reprogramming in the zygote following fertilization. Diseases associated with TET3 include acute myeloid leukemia.</p>',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '50 μg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410311',
			'old_catalog_number' => '',
			'sf_code' => 'C15410311-D001-000581',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '260',
			'price_USD' => '260',
			'price_GBP' => '245',
			'price_JPY' => '40730',
			'price_CNY' => '',
			'price_AUD' => '650',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => '0000-00-00',
			'slug' => 'tet3-polyclonal-antibody-pioneer-50-mg',
			'meta_title' => 'TET3 Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '',
			'meta_description' => 'TET3 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 3) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in WB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. ',
			'modified' => '2022-01-05 16:06:44',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'id' => '1980',
			'antibody_id' => '630',
			'name' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3',
			'description' => '<p><span>Monoclonal antibody raised in mouse against&nbsp;</span><b>5-mC</b><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(</span><b>5-methylcytosine</b><span>) conjugated to ovalbumine (</span><b>33D3 clone</b><span>).</span></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_ChIPSeq-A.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP-seq" caption="false" width="886" height="173" /></p>
<p class="text-center"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_ChIPSeq-B.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP-seq" caption="false" width="886" height="184" /></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. MeDIP-seq with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br /> Genomic DNA from E14 ES cells was sheared with the Bioruptor&reg; to generate random fragments (size range 300 to 700 bp). One &micro;g of the fragmented DNA was ligated to Illumina adapters and the resulting DNA was used for a standard MeDIP assay, using 2 &micro;g of the Diagenode monoclonal against 5-mC (Cat. No. C15200081). After recovery of the methylated DNA, Illumina sequencing libraries were generated and sequenced on an Illumina Genome Analyzer according to the manufacturer&rsquo;s instructions. Figure 1A and 1B show Genome browser views of CA simple repeat elements with read distributions specific for 5-mC at 2 gene locations (SigleC15 and Mfsd4). Visual inspection of the peak profiles in a genome browser reveals high enrichment of CA simple repeats in affinity-enriched methylated fragments after MeDIP with the Diagenode 5-mC monoclonal antibody.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-5 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_medip.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in MeDIP" caption="false" width="355" height="372" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-7 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. MeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br /> MeDIP (Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation) was performed on 1 &micro;g fragmented human genomic DNA using 0.2 &micro;g of the Diagenode monoclonal antibody against 5-mC (cat. No. C15200081) and the MagMeDIP Kit (cat. No. C02010021). The fragmented DNA was spiked with the internal controls present in the kit (methylated DNA (meDNA) as a positive and unmethylated DNA (unDNA) as a negative control) prior to performing the IP. QPCR was performed with optimized primer sets, included in the kit, specific for the methylated and unmethylated DNA controls, and for a known methylated (TSH2B) and unmethylated (GAPDH) genomic region. Figure 2 shows the recovery expressed as a % of input (the relative amount of immunoprecipitated DNA compared to input DNA after qPCR analysis).</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-3 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_Dotblot.png" alt=" 5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody validated in dot blot" caption="false" width="201" height="196" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 3. Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-mC (cat. No. C15200081), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (cat. No. C02040010). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the methylated control.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_IF1.png" alt="5-mC (5-methylcytosine) Antibody for immunofluorescence" height="121" width="500" caption="false" /></center></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 4. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against 5-mC (Cat. No. C15200081) and with DAPI. Cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10&rsquo; and blocked with PBS/TX-100 containing 1% BSA. The cells were immunofluorescently labelled with the 5-mC antibody (middle) diluted 1:500 in blocking solution followed by an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa594. The left panel shows staining of the nuclei with DAPI. A merge of the two stainings is shown on the right.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<!--
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200081_SPR.png" alt="5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody" surface="" plasmon="" resonance="" caption="false" width="700" height="372" /></center></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 5. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis of the the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against 5-mC</strong><br />A synthesized biotin-labeled 5-mC conjugate was immobilized on a CM4 BIAcore sensorchip (GE Healthcare, France). Briefly, two flowcells were prepared by sequential injections of EDC/NHS, streptavidin, and ethanolamine. One of these flowcells served as negative control (biotinylated spacer without 5-mC), while biotinylated 5-mC conjugate was injected in the other one, to get an immobilization level of 55 response units (RU). All SPR experiments were performed, using HBS-N buffer (10 mM HEPES,150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), at a flow rate of 5 &micro;l/min. Interaction assays involved injections of 2 different dilutions of the Diagenode 5-mC monoclonal antibody (Cat. No. C15200081) over the biotinylated 5-mC conjugate and negative control surfaces, followed by a 3 min washing step with HBS-N buffer to allow dissociation of the complexes formed. At the end of each cycle, the streptavidin surface was regenerated by injection of 0.1M citric acid (pH=3).</small></p>
<p><small>The sensorgrams correspond to the biotinylated 5-mC conjugate surface signal subtracted with the negative control. Data from the sensorgrams that reached binding equilibrium were used for Scatchard analysis. The value of the dissociation constant (kd) obtained by global fitting and 1:1 Langmuir model is 65 nM.</small></p>
</div>
</div>-->',
			'label2' => '',
			'info2' => '',
			'label3' => '',
			'info3' => '',
			'format' => '100 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15200081-100',
			'old_catalog_number' => 'MAb-081-100',
			'sf_code' => 'C15200081-D001-000526',
			'type' => 'FRE',
			'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
			'price_EUR' => '505',
			'price_USD' => '575',
			'price_GBP' => '450',
			'price_JPY' => '79110',
			'price_CNY' => '0',
			'price_AUD' => '1438',
			'country' => 'ALL',
			'except_countries' => 'None',
			'quote' => false,
			'in_stock' => false,
			'featured' => false,
			'no_promo' => false,
			'online' => true,
			'master' => true,
			'last_datasheet_update' => 'October 27, 2020',
			'slug' => '5-mc-monoclonal-antibody-33d3-premium-100-ug-50-ul',
			'meta_title' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3 (C15200081) | Diagenode',
			'meta_keywords' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC),monoclonal antibody,Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation',
			'meta_description' => '5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Monoclonal Antibody, clone 33D3  validated  in MeDIP-seq, MeDIP, DB and IF. Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
			'modified' => '2023-05-17 10:08:33',
			'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
			'ProductsRelated' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			),
			'Image' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'id' => '2280',
			'antibody_id' => '234',
			'name' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Antibody ',
			'description' => '<div data-canvas-width="124.25999999999996" style="left: 329.401px; top: 425.793px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.0021);">Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-Carboxylcytosine (5ca-CMP monophosphate) conjugated to BSA.</div>
<p><span>&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><strong></strong></p>',
			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
			'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-3 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-Dotblot.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-9 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 1. Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050), a Dot Blot analysis was performed using synthetic oligonucleotides containing different modified C-bases (indicated in red). 125 and 25 ng of the respective oligo&rsquo;s were bound to a Streptavindin-coated multi-well plate. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. The binding of antibody to the DNA was measured by ECL chemiluminescence. Figure 1 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the carboxylated cytosine. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-Immunostaining.jpg" alt="Immunofluorescence" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 2. Immunofluorescence assay using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> 293T cells were transfected with either the mouse FLAG-tagged wild-type Tet1 (Tet1 CD) or the catalytically inactive FLAG-tagged C-terminal domain of Tet1 (Tet1 mCD) and stained with the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050), diluted 1:500, and with an anti-FLAG antibody, followed by DAPI counterstaining. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410204-chip.jpg" alt="Immunoprecipitation" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Fig. 3. Immunoprecipitation using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-caC</strong><br /> Immunoprecipitation was performed with the Diagenode antibody against 5-caC (cat. No. pAb-CaC-020/050) on 2 &mu;g of J1 ES genomic DNA, spiked with 1 pg of a control DNA fragment (approximately 700 bp from the RFP (Ring finger protein) gene) containing different cytosine modifications. The mC and hmC control DNA was generated by PCR with the corresponding nucleotide. The caC control fragment was obtained by in vitro methylation using M.SssI methyltransferase followed by oxidation with purified Tet2. The IP&rsquo;d DNA was subsequently anaysed by qPCR using primers specific for the control DNA fragments and for GAPDH, used as a negative control. Figure 3 shows the enrichment calculated as the ratio of the recovery of the control DNA versus the recovery of the GAPDH negative control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
			'label2' => 'Target description',
			'info2' => '<p>Until recently, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was the only known modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was discovered. This new modified base (also called the Sixth base) is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-mC into 5-hmC by the TET family of oxygenases.</p>
<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. This pathway could involve further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group followed by either deformylation or decarboxylation. The carboxyl and formyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) could be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC and 5-hmC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-Carboxycytosine.</p>',
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			'format' => '100 µg',
			'catalog_number' => 'C15410204-100',
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			'meta_title' => '5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
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			'name' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Antibody ',
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			'label1' => 'Validation Data',
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<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-DIP.png" alt="DIP" height="433" width="400" /></p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. DIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC</strong><br />HEK293 cells were transfected with a reporter gene and hydroxymethylated in vitro with either a pCAG expression vector containing the TET2 catalytic domain (TET2cd) or a negative control pCAG vector. DIP assays were performed on 4 &mu;g of sheared and denatured DNA using 3 &mu;l of the Diagenode antibody against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200) in a total of 500 &mu;l IP buffer. QPCR was performed with primers specific for the reporter gene. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (mean +standard deviation of 3 different experiments).</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-fig1.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="277" width="379" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. Determination of the titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200). The plates were coated with the immunogen. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be &gt;1:100,000.</small></p>
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<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. As such it may play a role in the regulation of gene activity. This pathway includes further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group, both catalyzed by TET oxygenases. The formyl and carboxyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) can be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC, 5-hmC and 5-caC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-fC.</p>',
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			'meta_description' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in DIP and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
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			'name' => 'Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation',
			'description' => '<div class="row extra-spaced">
<div class="small-12 medium-3 large-3 columns"><center><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30429608" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/banners/banner-nature-publication-580.png" /></a></center></div>
<div class="small-12 medium-9 large-9 columns">
<h3>Sensitive tumour detection and classification using plasma cell-free DNA methylomes<br /><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30429608" target="_blank">Read the publication</a></h3>
<h3 class="c-article-title u-h1" data-test="article-title" itemprop="name headline">Preparation of cfMeDIP-seq libraries for methylome profiling of plasma cell-free DNA<br /><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-019-0202-2" target="_blank" title="cfMeDIP-seq Nature Method">Read the method</a></h3>
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</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns"><span>The Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation is based on the affinity purification of methylated and hydroxymethylated DNA using, respectively, an antibody directed against 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) in the case of MeDIP or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in the case of hMeDIP.</span><br />
<h2></h2>
<h2>How it works</h2>
<p>In brief, Methyl DNA IP is performed as follows: Genomic DNA from cultured cells or tissues is prepared, sheared, and then denatured. Then, immunoselection and immunoprecipitation can take place using the antibody directed against 5 methylcytosine and antibody binding beads. After isolation and purification is performed, the IP&rsquo;d methylated DNA is ready for any subsequent analysis as qPCR, amplification, hybridization on microarrays or next generation sequencing.</p>
<h2>Applications</h2>
<div align="center"><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/magmedip-kit-x48-48-rxns" class="center alert radius button"> qPCR analysis</a></div>
<div align="center"><a href="https://www.diagenode.com/en/p/magmedip-seq-package-V2-x10" class="center alert radius button"> NGS analysis </a></div>
<h2>Advantages</h2>
<ul style="font-size: 19px;" class="nobullet">
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> <strong>Unaffected</strong> DNA</li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> <strong>High enrichment</strong> yield</li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> <strong>Robust</strong> &amp; <strong>reproducible</strong> techniques</li>
<li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i> <strong>NGS</strong> compatible</li>
</ul>
<h2></h2>
</div>
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			'name' => 'DNA modifications',
			'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">T</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">he pattern of <strong>DNA modifications</strong> is critical for genome stability and the control of gene expression in the cell. Methylation of 5-cytosine (5-mC), one of the best-studied epigenetic marks, is carried out by the <strong>DNA methyltransferases</strong> DNMT3A and B and DNMT1. DNMT3A and DNMT3B are responsible for </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">de novo</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> DNA methylation, whereas DNMT1 maintains existing methylation. 5-mC undergoes active demethylation which is performed by the <strong>Ten-Eleven Translocation</strong> (TET) familly of DNA hydroxylases. The latter consists of 3 members TET1, 2 and 3. All 3 members catalyze the conversion of <strong>5-methylcytosine</strong> (5-mC) into <strong>5-hydroxymethylcytosine</strong> (5-hmC), and further into <strong>5-formylcytosine</strong> (5-fC) and <strong>5-carboxycytosine</strong> (5-caC). 5-fC and 5-caC can be converted to unmodified cytosine by <strong>Thymine DNA Glycosylase</strong> (TDG). It is not yet clear if 5-hmC, 5-fC and 5-caC have specific functions or are simply intermediates in the demethylation of 5-mC.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">DNA methylation is generally considered as a repressive mark and is usually associated with gene silencing. It is essential that the balance between DNA methylation and demethylation is precisely maintained. Dysregulation of DNA methylation may lead to many different human diseases and is often observed in cancer cells.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode offers highly validated antibodies against different proteins involved in DNA modifications as well as against the modified bases allowing the study of all steps and intermediates in the DNA methylation/demethylation pathway:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/dna-methylation.jpg" height="599" width="816" /></p>
<p><strong>Diagenode exclusively sources the original 5-methylcytosine monoclonal antibody (clone 33D3).</strong></p>
<p>Check out the list below to see all proposed antibodies for DNA modifications.</p>
<p>Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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			'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">All Diagenode&rsquo;s antibodies are listed below. Please, use our Quick search field to find the antibody of interest by target name, application, purity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode&rsquo;s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
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			'name' => 'Exclusive Highly Specific Kits Antibodies for DNA HydroxyMethylation Studies',
			'description' => '<p>Cytosine hydroxymethylation was recently discovered as an important epigenetic mechanism. This cytosine base modification results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) by the TET family of oxygenases. Though the precise role of 5-hmC is the subject of intense research and debate, early studies strongly indicate that it is also involved in gene regulation and in numerous important biological processes including embryonic development, cellular differentiation, stem cell reprogramming and carcinogenesis.</p>
<p>The study of 5-hmC has long been limited due to the lack of high quality, validated tools and technologies that discriminate hydroxymethylation from methylation in regulating gene expression. The use of highly specific antibodies against 5-hmC for the immunoprecipitation of hydroxymethylated DNA offers a reliable solution for hydroxymethylation profiling.</p>
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			'name' => 'DNA methylation dynamics underlie metamorphic gene regulation programs in Xenopus tadpole brain.',
			'authors' => 'Kyono Y, Raj S, Sifuentes CJ, Buisine N, Sachs L, Denver RJ',
			'description' => '<p>Methylation of cytosine residues in DNA influences chromatin structure and gene transcription, and its regulation is crucial for brain development. There is mounting evidence that DNA methylation can be modulated by hormone signaling. We analyzed genome-wide changes in DNA methylation and their relationship to gene regulation in the brain of Xenopus tadpoles during metamorphosis, a thyroid hormone-dependent developmental process. We studied the region of the tadpole brain containing neurosecretory neurons that control pituitary hormone secretion, a region that is highly responsive to thyroid hormone action. Using Methylated DNA Capture sequencing (MethylCap-seq) we discovered a diverse landscape of DNA methylation across the tadpole neural cell genome, and pairwise stage comparisons identified several thousand differentially methylated regions (DMRs). During the pre-to pro-metamorphic period, the number of DMRs was lowest (1,163), with demethylation predominating. From pre-metamorphosis to metamorphic climax DMRs nearly doubled (2,204), with methylation predominating. The largest changes in DNA methylation were seen from metamorphic climax to the completion of metamorphosis (2960 DMRs), with 80% of the DMRs representing demethylation. Using RNA sequencing, we found negative correlations between differentially expressed genes and DMRs localized to gene bodies and regions upstream of transcription start sites. DNA demethylation at metamorphosis revealed by MethylCap-seq was corroborated by increased immunoreactivity for the DNA demethylation intermediates 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-carboxymethylcytosine, and the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten eleven translocation 3 that catalyzes DNA demethylation. Our findings show that the genome of tadpole neural cells undergoes significant changes in DNA methylation during metamorphosis, and these changes likely influence chromatin architecture, and gene regulation programs occurring during this developmental period.</p>',
			'date' => '2020-06-15',
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			'doi' => '10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.03.013',
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			'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine marks postmitotic neural cells in the adult and developing vertebrate central nervous system',
			'authors' => 'Diotel N et al.',
			'description' => '<p>The epigenetic mark 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a cytosine modification that is abundant in the central nervous system of mammals and which results from 5-methylcytosine oxidation by TET enzymes. Such a mark is suggested to play key roles in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. However, its precise functions still remain poorly understood and information about its distribution in non-mammalian species is still lacking. Here, the distribution of 5hmC was investigated in the brain of adult zebrafish, African claw frog, and mouse in a comparative manner. We show that zebrafish neurons are endowed with high levels of 5hmC, whereas quiescent or proliferative neural progenitors show low to undetectable levels of the modified cytosine. In the brain of larval and juvenile Xenopus, 5hmC is also detected in neurons, while ventricular proliferative cells do not display this epigenetic mark. Similarly, 5hmC is enriched in neurons compared to neural progenitors of the ventricular zone in the mouse developing cortex. Interestingly, 5hmC colocalized with the methylated DNA binding protein MeCP2 and with the active chromatin histone modification H3K4me2 in mouse neurons. Taken together, our results show an evolutionarily conserved cerebral distribution of 5hmC between fish and tetrapods and reinforce the idea that 5hmC fulfills major functions in the control of chromatin activity in vertebrate neurons.</p>',
			'date' => '2016-07-14',
			'pmid' => 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27414756',
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			'name' => 'Transcriptome-wide mapping of 5-methylcytidine RNA modifications in bacteria, archaea, and yeast reveals m5C within archaeal mRNAs.',
			'authors' => 'Edelheit S, Schwartz S, Mumbach MR, Wurtzel O, Sorek R',
			'description' => 'The presence of 5-methylcytidine (m(5)C) in tRNA and rRNA molecules of a wide variety of organisms was first observed more than 40 years ago. However, detection of this modification was limited to specific, abundant, RNA species, due to the usage of low-throughput methods. To obtain a high resolution, systematic, and comprehensive transcriptome-wide overview of m(5)C across the three domains of life, we used bisulfite treatment on total RNA from both gram positive (B. subtilis) and gram negative (E. coli) bacteria, an archaeon (S. solfataricus) and a eukaryote (S. cerevisiae), followed by massively parallel sequencing. We were able to recover most previously documented m(5)C sites on rRNA in the four organisms, and identified several novel sites in yeast and archaeal rRNAs. Our analyses also allowed quantification of methylated m(5)C positions in 64 tRNAs in yeast and archaea, revealing stoichiometric differences between the methylation patterns of these organisms. Molecules of tRNAs in which m(5)C was absent were also discovered. Intriguingly, we detected m(5)C sites within archaeal mRNAs, and identified a consensus motif of AUCGANGU that directs methylation in S. solfataricus. Our results, which were validated using m(5)C-specific RNA immunoprecipitation, provide the first evidence for mRNA modifications in archaea, suggesting that this mode of post-transcriptional regulation extends beyond the eukaryotic domain.',
			'date' => '2013-06-01',
			'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825970',
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		'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
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<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
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<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
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        <div class="small-12 columns">
                         <a href="/cn/p/5-mc-monoclonal-antibody-33d3-premium-100-ug-50-ul"><img src="/img/product/antibodies/antibody.png" alt="Mouse IgG" class="th"/></a>        </div>



        <div class="small-12 columns">
            <div class="small-6 columns" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;margin-top:-6px;margin-left:-1px">
                <span class="success label" style="">C15200081-100</span>
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    <div class="small-12 medium-12 large-12 columns">
        
        <p>将 <input name="data[Cart][quantity]" placeholder="1" value="1" min="1" style="width:60px;display:inline" type="number" id="CartQuantity" required="required"/> <strong> 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3</strong> 添加至我的购物车。</p>

        <div class="row">
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                <button class="alert small button expand" onclick="$(this).addToCart('5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3',
                    'C15200081-100',
                     '575',
                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="checkout" id="checkout" value="checkout" type="submit">结账</button>            </div>
            <div class="small-6 medium-6 large-6 columns">
                <button class="alert small button expand" onclick="$(this).addToCart('5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3',
                    'C15200081-100',
                    '575',
                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="keepshop" id="keepshop" type="submit">继续购物</button>            </div>
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</form><a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close">&#215;</a></div><!-- END: ADD TO CART MODAL --><a href="#" id="5-mc-monoclonal-antibody-33d3-premium-100-ug-50-ul" data-reveal-id="cartModal-1980" class="" style="color:#B21329"><i class="fa fa-cart-plus"></i></a>
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        <div class="small-12 columns" >
            <h6 style="height:60px">5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Antibody - clone 33D3</h6>
        </div>

    </div>
</li>
<li>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="small-12 columns">
                         <a href="/cn/p/5-cac-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ug"><img src="/img/product/antibodies/antibody.png" alt="Mouse IgG" class="th"/></a>        </div>



        <div class="small-12 columns">
            <div class="small-6 columns" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;margin-top:-6px;margin-left:-1px">
                <span class="success label" style="">C15410204-100</span>
            </div>
            <div class="small-6 columns text-right" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;margin-top:-6px">
                <!--a href="#" style="color:#B21329"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i></a-->
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<div class="row">
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        <p>将 <input name="data[Cart][quantity]" placeholder="1" value="1" min="1" style="width:60px;display:inline" type="number" id="CartQuantity" required="required"/> <strong> 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Antibody </strong> 添加至我的购物车。</p>

        <div class="row">
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                <button class="alert small button expand" onclick="$(this).addToCart('5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) Antibody ',
                    'C15410204-100',
                     '380',
                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="checkout" id="checkout" value="checkout" type="submit">结账</button>            </div>
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                    'C15410204-100',
                    '380',
                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="keepshop" id="keepshop" type="submit">继续购物</button>            </div>
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    </div>
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        </div>
        <div class="small-12 columns" >
            <h6 style="height:60px">5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) polyclonal antibody </h6>
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    </div>
</li>
<li>
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                         <a href="/cn/p/5-formylcytosine-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ul"><img src="/img/product/antibodies/antibody.png" alt="Mouse IgG" class="th"/></a>        </div>



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        <p>将 <input name="data[Cart][quantity]" placeholder="1" value="1" min="1" style="width:60px;display:inline" type="number" id="CartQuantity" required="required"/> <strong> 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Antibody </strong> 添加至我的购物车。</p>

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                    'C15310200',
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                       $('#CartQuantity').val());" name="keepshop" id="keepshop" type="submit">继续购物</button>            </div>
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</div>

</form><a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close">&#215;</a></div><!-- END: ADD TO CART MODAL --><a href="#" id="5-formylcytosine-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ul" data-reveal-id="cartModal-2136" class="" style="color:#B21329"><i class="fa fa-cart-plus"></i></a>
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        </div>
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            <h6 style="height:60px">5-formylcytosine (5-fC) polyclonal antibody </h6>
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	'name' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Antibody ',
	'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) conjugated to KLH.</span></p>',
	'label1' => 'Validation Data',
	'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-DIP.png" alt="DIP" height="433" width="400" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 1. DIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC</strong><br />HEK293 cells were transfected with a reporter gene and hydroxymethylated in vitro with either a pCAG expression vector containing the TET2 catalytic domain (TET2cd) or a negative control pCAG vector. DIP assays were performed on 4 &mu;g of sheared and denatured DNA using 3 &mu;l of the Diagenode antibody against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200) in a total of 500 &mu;l IP buffer. QPCR was performed with primers specific for the reporter gene. Figure 1 shows the recovery, expressed as a % of input (mean +standard deviation of 3 different experiments).</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15310200-fig1.jpg" alt="ELISA" height="277" width="379" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong>Figure 2. Determination of the titer</strong><br />To determine the titer of the antibody, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-fC (Cat. No. C15310200). The plates were coated with the immunogen. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution (Figure 2), the titer of the antibody was estimated to be &gt;1:100,000.</small></p>
</div>
</div>',
	'label2' => 'Target description',
	'info2' => '<p>Until a few years ago, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was the only known modification of DNA for epigenetic regulation. In 2009, however, a second methylated cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was discovered. This new modified base is generated by enzymatic conversion of 5-mC into 5-hmC by the TET family of oxygenases.</p>
<p>Recent results indicate that 5-hmC plays important roles distinct from 5-mC. Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests that 5-hmC may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine. As such it may play a role in the regulation of gene activity. This pathway includes further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group, both catalyzed by TET oxygenases. The formyl and carboxyl groups of 5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) can be enzymatically removed without excision of the base.</p>
<p>Due to their structural similarity, the different modified cytosine analogues are difficult to discriminate. The development of highly specific affinity-based reagents, such as antibodies, appears to be the most powerful way to differentially and specifically enrich 5-mC and 5-hmC sequences. We previously released highly specific antibodies directed against 5-mC, 5-hmC and 5-caC. Now, we also present a unique rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-fC.</p>',
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	'format' => '100 µl',
	'catalog_number' => 'C15310200',
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	'sf_code' => 'C15310200-D001-001161',
	'type' => 'FRE',
	'search_order' => '03-Antibody',
	'price_EUR' => '380',
	'price_USD' => '380',
	'price_GBP' => '340',
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	'slug' => '5-formylcytosine-polyclonal-antibody-classic-100-ul',
	'meta_title' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody | Diagenode',
	'meta_keywords' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC), polyclonal antibody,Diagenode',
	'meta_description' => '5-formylcytosine (5-fC) Polyclonal Antibody  validated  in DIP and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
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	'created' => '2015-06-29 14:08:20',
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$other_format = array(
	'id' => '2281',
	'antibody_id' => '35',
	'name' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Antibody (rabbit) ',
	'description' => '<p><span>Polyclonal antibody raised against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). 5-hmC is a recently discovered DNA modification which results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. Preliminary results indicate that 5-hmC may have important roles distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics.</span></p>',
	'label1' => 'Validation Data',
	'info1' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig1.jpg" alt="hMeDIP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. No. pAb-HMC-050). DNA from mouse ES cells was prepared with the GenDNA module of the hMeDIP kit and sonicated with our Bioruptor&reg; (UCD-200/300 series) to obtain DNA fragments of 300-500 bp. One &mu;g of sheared DNA was spiked with the unmethylated (C) methylated (mC), and hydroxymethylated (hmC) controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack for hMeDIP&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-107-0040). hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 &mu;g of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP&rsquo;d DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig2.jpg" alt="ELISA" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 2 Determination of the antibody titer</strong><br /> To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), crude serum and flow through, in antigen coated wells. The antigen used was the 5-hmC base coupled to BSA. By plotting the absorbance against the antibody dilution, the titer of the antibody was estimated to be 1:2,800. </small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-4 columns">
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410205-fig3.jpg" alt="Dot blot" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><small><strong> Figure 3 Dot blot analysis using the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC</strong><br /> To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode &ldquo;5-hmC, 5-mC &amp; cytosine DNA Standard Pack&rdquo; (Cat No. AF-101-0002). One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the hydroxymethylated control. </small></p>
</div>
</div>',
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	'sf_code' => 'C15410205-D001-000831',
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	'slug' => '5-hmc-polyclonal-antibody-rabbit-classic-20-ug',
	'meta_title' => '5-hmC Polyclonal Antibody(rabbit) | Diagenode',
	'meta_keywords' => '',
	'meta_description' => '5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) Polyclonal Antibody (rabbit)  validated  in  hMeDIP, DB and ELISA.  Batch-specific data available on the website. Sample size available.',
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	'name' => 'DB',
	'description' => '<p>Dot blotting</p>',
	'in_footer' => false,
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	'tabular' => true,
	'slug' => 'dot-blotting',
	'meta_keywords' => 'Dot blotting,Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibody,',
	'meta_description' => 'Diagenode offers Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibodies for Dot blotting applications',
	'meta_title' => 'Dot blotting Antibodies - Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibody | Diagenode',
	'modified' => '2016-01-13 14:40:49',
	'created' => '2015-07-08 13:45:05',
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$description = '<p>Dot blotting</p>'
$name = 'DB'
$document = array(
	'id' => '11',
	'name' => 'Antibodies you can trust',
	'description' => '<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Epigenetic research tools have evolved over time from endpoint PCR to qPCR to the analyses of large sets of genome-wide sequencing data. ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) has now become the gold standard method for chromatin studies, given the accuracy and coverage scale of the approach over other methods. Successful ChIP-seq, however, requires a higher level of experimental accuracy and consistency in all steps of ChIP than ever before. Particularly crucial is the quality of ChIP antibodies. </span></p>',
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	'slug' => 'antibodies-you-can-trust-poster',
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	'name' => 'SDS C15410205 5-hydroxymethylcytosine 5-hmC Antibody rabbit BE nl',
	'language' => 'nl',
	'url' => 'files/SDS/5-hmC/SDS-C15410205-5-hydroxymethylcytosine_5-hmC_Antibody_rabbit_-BE-nl-GHS_2_0-1.pdf',
	'countries' => 'BE',
	'modified' => '2024-01-17 20:16:09',
	'created' => '2024-01-17 20:16:09',
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$publication = array(
	'id' => '1449',
	'name' => 'Transcriptome-wide mapping of 5-methylcytidine RNA modifications in bacteria, archaea, and yeast reveals m5C within archaeal mRNAs.',
	'authors' => 'Edelheit S, Schwartz S, Mumbach MR, Wurtzel O, Sorek R',
	'description' => 'The presence of 5-methylcytidine (m(5)C) in tRNA and rRNA molecules of a wide variety of organisms was first observed more than 40 years ago. However, detection of this modification was limited to specific, abundant, RNA species, due to the usage of low-throughput methods. To obtain a high resolution, systematic, and comprehensive transcriptome-wide overview of m(5)C across the three domains of life, we used bisulfite treatment on total RNA from both gram positive (B. subtilis) and gram negative (E. coli) bacteria, an archaeon (S. solfataricus) and a eukaryote (S. cerevisiae), followed by massively parallel sequencing. We were able to recover most previously documented m(5)C sites on rRNA in the four organisms, and identified several novel sites in yeast and archaeal rRNAs. Our analyses also allowed quantification of methylated m(5)C positions in 64 tRNAs in yeast and archaea, revealing stoichiometric differences between the methylation patterns of these organisms. Molecules of tRNAs in which m(5)C was absent were also discovered. Intriguingly, we detected m(5)C sites within archaeal mRNAs, and identified a consensus motif of AUCGANGU that directs methylation in S. solfataricus. Our results, which were validated using m(5)C-specific RNA immunoprecipitation, provide the first evidence for mRNA modifications in archaea, suggesting that this mode of post-transcriptional regulation extends beyond the eukaryotic domain.',
	'date' => '2013-06-01',
	'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825970',
	'doi' => '',
	'modified' => '2015-07-24 15:39:00',
	'created' => '2015-07-24 15:39:00',
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$externalLink = ' <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825970" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></a>'
include - APP/View/Products/view.ctp, line 755
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
ProductsController::slug() - APP/Controller/ProductsController.php, line 1052
ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ??
Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 491
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 193
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 118