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<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15210016-chip.png" alt="H3K27ac Antibody ChIP Grade" /></center></div>
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<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 500000 HeLa cells using 0.5 µg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15410003) as described above. The IP'd DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina NovaSeq. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 50 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the BWA algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 2 Mb region of the human X-chromosome (figure 2A and B) and in two regions surrounding the GAPDH and EIF4A2 positive control genes, respectively (figure 2C and D).</p>
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<p class="text-center">B. <img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/c15210016-chipseq-b.jpg" alt="H3K4me2 Antibody for ChIP-seq" caption="false" width="626" height="116" /></p>
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<p class="text-center">C. <img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/c15210016-chipseq-c.jpg" alt="H3K4me2 Antibody for ChIP-seq assay" caption="false" width="626" height="97" /></p>
<p class="text-center">D. <img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/c15210016-chipseq-d.jpg" alt="H3K4me2 Antibody validated in ChIP-seq" caption="false" width="626" height="89" /></p>
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<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />ChIP was performed on HeLa cells using 0.5 µg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me2 (cat. No. C15410035). The IP'd DNA was analysed on an Illumina Hiseq. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 51 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the BWA algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb region of the human X-chromosome (figure 2A and 2B) and in 2 chromosomal regions surrounding the ACTB and GAPDH positive control genes (figure 2C and D, respectively).</p>
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<div class="small-4 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15210016-db.png" alt="H3K27ac Antibody validated in Dot Blot" /></center></div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 3. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H3K27. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:2,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />Western blot was performed on whole cell extracts (40 µg) from HeLa cells using the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016). The antibody was diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is shown on the right, the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016, red) diluted 1:1,000. Actin was stained with fluorescein phalladoin (green).</p>
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<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15210016-chip.png" alt="H3K27ac Antibody ChIP Grade" /></center></div>
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<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 500000 HeLa cells using 0.5 µg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15410003) as described above. The IP'd DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina NovaSeq. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 50 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the BWA algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 2 Mb region of the human X-chromosome (figure 2A and B) and in two regions surrounding the GAPDH and EIF4A2 positive control genes, respectively (figure 2C and D).</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />ChIP was performed on HeLa cells using 0.5 µg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me2 (cat. No. C15410035). The IP'd DNA was analysed on an Illumina Hiseq. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 51 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the BWA algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb region of the human X-chromosome (figure 2A and 2B) and in 2 chromosomal regions surrounding the ACTB and GAPDH positive control genes (figure 2C and D, respectively).</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 3. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H3K27. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:2,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />Western blot was performed on whole cell extracts (40 µg) from HeLa cells using the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016). The antibody was diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is shown on the right, the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016, red) diluted 1:1,000. Actin was stained with fluorescein phalladoin (green).</p>
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<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
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<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200229-IF.jpg" alt="" height="245" width="256" /></p>
<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
<h5><sup>Check our selection of antibodies validated in IF.</sup></h5>',
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'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">All Diagenode’s antibodies are listed below. Please, use our Quick search field to find the antibody of interest by target name, application, purity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
<li>Sample sizes available</li>
<li>100% satisfaction guarantee</li>
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<div class="small-12 columns"><center></center>
<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-6 large-6 columns"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410003-fig1-ChIP.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="315" /> </div>
<div class="small-12 medium-6 large-6 columns">
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
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<p></p>
<p>Our aim at Diagenode is to offer the largest collection of highly specific <strong>ChIP-grade antibodies</strong>. We add new antibodies monthly. Find your ChIP-grade antibody in the list below and check more information about tested applications, extensive validation data, and product information.</p>',
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'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
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<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode provides leading solutions for epigenetic research. Because ChIP-seq is a widely-used technique, we validate our antibodies in ChIP and ChIP-seq experiments (in addition to conventional methods like Western blot, Dot blot, ELISA, and immunofluorescence) to provide the highest quality antibody. We standardize our validation and production to guarantee high product quality without technical bias. Diagenode guarantees ChIP-seq grade antibody performance under our suggested conditions.</span></p>
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<p><strong>ChIP-seq profile</strong> of active (H3K4me3 and H3K36me3) and inactive (H3K27me3) marks using Diagenode antibodies.</p>
<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/chip-seq-grade-antibodies.png" /></div>
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<p><small> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 100,000 K562 cells using iDeal ChIP-seq kit for Histones (cat. No. C01010051) with 1 µg of the Diagenode antibodies against H3K27me3 (cat. No. C15410195) and H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15410003), and 0.5 µg of the antibody against H3K36me3 (cat. No. C15410192). The IP'd DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. The figure shows the signal distribution along the complete sequence of human chromosome 3, a zoomin to a 10 Mb region and a further zoomin to a 1.5 Mb region. </small></p>
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<p>Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</p>
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<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
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'description' => '<p><em>Legionella pneumophila</em><span><span> </span>is a pathogen which can lead to a severe form of pneumonia in humans known as Legionnaires disease after replication in alveolar macrophages. Viable<span> </span></span><em>L. pneumophila</em><span><span> </span>actively secrete effector molecules to modulate the host’s immune response. Here, we report that<span> </span></span><em>L. pneumophila</em><span>-derived factors reprogram macrophages into a tolerogenic state, a process to which the C-type lectin receptor Mincle (CLEC4E) markedly contributes. The underlying epigenetic state is characterized by increases of the closing mark H3K9me3 and decreases of the opening mark H3K4me3, subsequently leading to the reduced secretion of the cytokines TNF, IL-6, IL-12, the production of reactive oxygen species, and cell-surface expression of MHC-II and CD80 upon re-stimulation. In summary, these findings provide important implications for our understanding of Legionellosis and the contribution of Mincle to reprogramming of macrophages by<span> </span></span><em>L. pneumophila</em><span>.</span></p>',
'date' => '2024-09-20',
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'name' => 'Chromatin profiling reveals TFAP4 as a critical transcriptional regulator of bovine satellite cell differentiation',
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'description' => '<h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Background</h3>
<p>Satellite cells are myogenic precursor cells in adult skeletal muscle and play a crucial role in skeletal muscle regeneration, maintenance, and growth. Like embryonic myoblasts, satellite cells have the ability to proliferate, differentiate, and fuse to form multinucleated myofibers. In this study, we aimed to identify additional transcription factors that control gene expression during bovine satellite cell proliferation and differentiation.</p>
<h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Results</h3>
<p>Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing, we identified 56,973 and 54,470 genomic regions marked with both the histone modifications H3K4me1 and H3K27ac, which were considered active enhancers, and 50,956 and 59,174 genomic regions marked with H3K27me3, which were considered repressed enhancers, in proliferating and differentiating bovine satellite cells, respectively. In addition, we identified 1,216 and 1,171 super-enhancers in proliferating and differentiating bovine satellite cells, respectively. Analyzing these enhancers showed that in proliferating bovine satellite cells, active enhancers were associated with genes stimulating cell proliferation or inhibiting myoblast differentiation whereas repressed enhancers were associated with genes essential for myoblast differentiation, and that in differentiating satellite cells, active enhancers were associated with genes essential for myoblast differentiation or muscle contraction whereas repressed enhancers were associated with genes stimulating cell proliferation or inhibiting myoblast differentiation. Active enhancers in proliferating bovine satellite cells were enriched with binding sites for many transcription factors such as MYF5 and the AP-1 family transcription factors; active enhancers in differentiating bovine satellite cells were enriched with binding sites for many transcription factors such as MYOG and TFAP4; and repressed enhancers in both proliferating and differentiating bovine satellite cells were enriched with binding sites for NF-kB, ZEB-1, and several other transcription factors. The role of TFAP4 in satellite cell or myoblast differentiation was previously unknown, and through gene knockdown and overexpression, we experimentally validated a critical role for TFAP4 in the differentiation and fusion of bovine satellite cells into myofibers.</p>
<h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Conclusions</h3>
<p>Satellite cell proliferation and differentiation are controlled by many transcription factors such as AP-1, TFAP4, NF-kB, and ZEB-1 whose roles in these processes were previously unknown in addition to those transcription factors such as MYF5 and MYOG whose roles in these processes are widely known.</p>',
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<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 500000 HeLa cells using 0.5 µg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15410003) as described above. The IP'd DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina NovaSeq. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 50 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the BWA algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 2 Mb region of the human X-chromosome (figure 2A and B) and in two regions surrounding the GAPDH and EIF4A2 positive control genes, respectively (figure 2C and D).</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />ChIP was performed on HeLa cells using 0.5 µg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me2 (cat. No. C15410035). The IP'd DNA was analysed on an Illumina Hiseq. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 51 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the BWA algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb region of the human X-chromosome (figure 2A and 2B) and in 2 chromosomal regions surrounding the ACTB and GAPDH positive control genes (figure 2C and D, respectively).</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 3. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H3K27. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:2,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />Western blot was performed on whole cell extracts (40 µg) from HeLa cells using the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016). The antibody was diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is shown on the right, the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016, red) diluted 1:1,000. Actin was stained with fluorescein phalladoin (green).</p>
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<p><small>*Please note that the optimal antibody amount per IP should be determined by the end-user. We recommend testing 0.5 - 5 µg per IP.</small></p>',
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<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 500000 HeLa cells using 0.5 µg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15410003) as described above. The IP'd DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina NovaSeq. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 50 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the BWA algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 2 Mb region of the human X-chromosome (figure 2A and B) and in two regions surrounding the GAPDH and EIF4A2 positive control genes, respectively (figure 2C and D).</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />ChIP was performed on HeLa cells using 0.5 µg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me2 (cat. No. C15410035). The IP'd DNA was analysed on an Illumina Hiseq. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 51 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the BWA algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb region of the human X-chromosome (figure 2A and 2B) and in 2 chromosomal regions surrounding the ACTB and GAPDH positive control genes (figure 2C and D, respectively).</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 3. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H3K27. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:2,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />Western blot was performed on whole cell extracts (40 µg) from HeLa cells using the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016). The antibody was diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is shown on the right, the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016, red) diluted 1:1,000. Actin was stained with fluorescein phalladoin (green).</p>
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'meta_title' => 'H3K27ac Antibody - ChIP-seq Grade (C15210016) | Diagenode',
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<td>ChIP/ChIP-seq <sup>*</sup></td>
<td>0.5 - 1 µg per IP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
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<td>Dot Blotting</td>
<td>1:2,000</td>
<td>Fig 2</td>
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<td>Western Blotting</td>
<td>1:1,000</td>
<td>Fig 3</td>
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<td>Immunofluorescence</td>
<td>1:1,000</td>
<td>Fig 4</td>
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<p></p>
<p><small>*Please note that the optimal antibody amount per IP should be determined by the end-user. We recommend testing 0.5 - 5 µg per IP.</small></p>',
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<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
<p><em></em>Check our selection of antibodies validated in Western blot.</p>',
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<p>Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive antibodies validated in IF.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200229-IF.jpg" alt="" height="245" width="256" /></p>
<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
<h5><sup>Check our selection of antibodies validated in IF.</sup></h5>',
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'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">All Diagenode’s antibodies are listed below. Please, use our Quick search field to find the antibody of interest by target name, application, purity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
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'description' => '<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns"><center></center>
<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
<p></p>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-6 large-6 columns"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410003-fig1-ChIP.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="315" /> </div>
<div class="small-12 medium-6 large-6 columns">
<p></p>
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<p></p>
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<p>Our aim at Diagenode is to offer the largest collection of highly specific <strong>ChIP-grade antibodies</strong>. We add new antibodies monthly. Find your ChIP-grade antibody in the list below and check more information about tested applications, extensive validation data, and product information.</p>',
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'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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'meta_description' => 'Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies against Histones and their modifications validated for many applications, including Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and ChIP-Sequencing (ChIP-seq)',
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode provides leading solutions for epigenetic research. Because ChIP-seq is a widely-used technique, we validate our antibodies in ChIP and ChIP-seq experiments (in addition to conventional methods like Western blot, Dot blot, ELISA, and immunofluorescence) to provide the highest quality antibody. We standardize our validation and production to guarantee high product quality without technical bias. Diagenode guarantees ChIP-seq grade antibody performance under our suggested conditions.</span></p>
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<p><strong>ChIP-seq profile</strong> of active (H3K4me3 and H3K36me3) and inactive (H3K27me3) marks using Diagenode antibodies.</p>
<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/chip-seq-grade-antibodies.png" /></div>
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<p><small> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 100,000 K562 cells using iDeal ChIP-seq kit for Histones (cat. No. C01010051) with 1 µg of the Diagenode antibodies against H3K27me3 (cat. No. C15410195) and H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15410003), and 0.5 µg of the antibody against H3K36me3 (cat. No. C15410192). The IP'd DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. The figure shows the signal distribution along the complete sequence of human chromosome 3, a zoomin to a 10 Mb region and a further zoomin to a 1.5 Mb region. </small></p>
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<p>Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</p>
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<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
<li>Batch-specific data is available on the website</li>
<li>Expert technical support</li>
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'name' => 'Legionella pneumophila modulates macrophage functions through epigenetic reprogramming via the C-type lectin receptor Mincle',
'authors' => 'Stegmann F. et al.',
'description' => '<p><em>Legionella pneumophila</em><span><span> </span>is a pathogen which can lead to a severe form of pneumonia in humans known as Legionnaires disease after replication in alveolar macrophages. Viable<span> </span></span><em>L. pneumophila</em><span><span> </span>actively secrete effector molecules to modulate the host’s immune response. Here, we report that<span> </span></span><em>L. pneumophila</em><span>-derived factors reprogram macrophages into a tolerogenic state, a process to which the C-type lectin receptor Mincle (CLEC4E) markedly contributes. The underlying epigenetic state is characterized by increases of the closing mark H3K9me3 and decreases of the opening mark H3K4me3, subsequently leading to the reduced secretion of the cytokines TNF, IL-6, IL-12, the production of reactive oxygen species, and cell-surface expression of MHC-II and CD80 upon re-stimulation. In summary, these findings provide important implications for our understanding of Legionellosis and the contribution of Mincle to reprogramming of macrophages by<span> </span></span><em>L. pneumophila</em><span>.</span></p>',
'date' => '2024-09-20',
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'name' => 'Chromatin profiling reveals TFAP4 as a critical transcriptional regulator of bovine satellite cell differentiation',
'authors' => 'Pengcheng Lyu et al.',
'description' => '<h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Background</h3>
<p>Satellite cells are myogenic precursor cells in adult skeletal muscle and play a crucial role in skeletal muscle regeneration, maintenance, and growth. Like embryonic myoblasts, satellite cells have the ability to proliferate, differentiate, and fuse to form multinucleated myofibers. In this study, we aimed to identify additional transcription factors that control gene expression during bovine satellite cell proliferation and differentiation.</p>
<h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Results</h3>
<p>Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing, we identified 56,973 and 54,470 genomic regions marked with both the histone modifications H3K4me1 and H3K27ac, which were considered active enhancers, and 50,956 and 59,174 genomic regions marked with H3K27me3, which were considered repressed enhancers, in proliferating and differentiating bovine satellite cells, respectively. In addition, we identified 1,216 and 1,171 super-enhancers in proliferating and differentiating bovine satellite cells, respectively. Analyzing these enhancers showed that in proliferating bovine satellite cells, active enhancers were associated with genes stimulating cell proliferation or inhibiting myoblast differentiation whereas repressed enhancers were associated with genes essential for myoblast differentiation, and that in differentiating satellite cells, active enhancers were associated with genes essential for myoblast differentiation or muscle contraction whereas repressed enhancers were associated with genes stimulating cell proliferation or inhibiting myoblast differentiation. Active enhancers in proliferating bovine satellite cells were enriched with binding sites for many transcription factors such as MYF5 and the AP-1 family transcription factors; active enhancers in differentiating bovine satellite cells were enriched with binding sites for many transcription factors such as MYOG and TFAP4; and repressed enhancers in both proliferating and differentiating bovine satellite cells were enriched with binding sites for NF-kB, ZEB-1, and several other transcription factors. The role of TFAP4 in satellite cell or myoblast differentiation was previously unknown, and through gene knockdown and overexpression, we experimentally validated a critical role for TFAP4 in the differentiation and fusion of bovine satellite cells into myofibers.</p>
<h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Conclusions</h3>
<p>Satellite cell proliferation and differentiation are controlled by many transcription factors such as AP-1, TFAP4, NF-kB, and ZEB-1 whose roles in these processes were previously unknown in addition to those transcription factors such as MYF5 and MYOG whose roles in these processes are widely known.</p>',
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<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15210016-chip.png" alt="H3K27ac Antibody ChIP Grade" /></center></div>
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<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 500000 HeLa cells using 0.5 µg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15410003) as described above. The IP'd DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina NovaSeq. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 50 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the BWA algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 2 Mb region of the human X-chromosome (figure 2A and B) and in two regions surrounding the GAPDH and EIF4A2 positive control genes, respectively (figure 2C and D).</p>
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<p class="text-center">B. <img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/c15210016-chipseq-b.jpg" alt="H3K4me2 Antibody for ChIP-seq" caption="false" width="626" height="116" /></p>
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<p class="text-center">C. <img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/c15210016-chipseq-c.jpg" alt="H3K4me2 Antibody for ChIP-seq assay" caption="false" width="626" height="97" /></p>
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<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />ChIP was performed on HeLa cells using 0.5 µg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me2 (cat. No. C15410035). The IP'd DNA was analysed on an Illumina Hiseq. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 51 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the BWA algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb region of the human X-chromosome (figure 2A and 2B) and in 2 chromosomal regions surrounding the ACTB and GAPDH positive control genes (figure 2C and D, respectively).</p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 3. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H3K27. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:2,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />Western blot was performed on whole cell extracts (40 µg) from HeLa cells using the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016). The antibody was diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is shown on the right, the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016, red) diluted 1:1,000. Actin was stained with fluorescein phalladoin (green).</p>
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<p><small>*Please note that the optimal antibody amount per IP should be determined by the end-user. We recommend testing 0.5 - 5 µg per IP.</small></p>',
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'description' => '<p>Monoclonal antibody raised in rabbit against the region of histone <strong>H3 containing the acetylated lysine 27 (H3K27ac),</strong> using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</p>',
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<div class="small-6 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15210016-chip.png" alt="H3K27ac Antibody ChIP Grade" /></center></div>
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<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 500000 HeLa cells using 0.5 µg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15410003) as described above. The IP'd DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina NovaSeq. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 50 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the BWA algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 2 Mb region of the human X-chromosome (figure 2A and B) and in two regions surrounding the GAPDH and EIF4A2 positive control genes, respectively (figure 2C and D).</p>
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<p class="text-center">A. <img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/c15210016-chipseq-a.jpg" alt="H3K4me2 Antibody Cut &" caption="false" width="629" height="101" /></p>
<p class="text-center">B. <img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/c15210016-chipseq-b.jpg" alt="H3K4me2 Antibody for ChIP-seq" caption="false" width="626" height="116" /></p>
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<p class="text-center">C. <img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/c15210016-chipseq-c.jpg" alt="H3K4me2 Antibody for ChIP-seq assay" caption="false" width="626" height="97" /></p>
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<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />ChIP was performed on HeLa cells using 0.5 µg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me2 (cat. No. C15410035). The IP'd DNA was analysed on an Illumina Hiseq. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 51 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the BWA algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb region of the human X-chromosome (figure 2A and 2B) and in 2 chromosomal regions surrounding the ACTB and GAPDH positive control genes (figure 2C and D, respectively).</p>
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<div class="small-4 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15210016-db.png" alt="H3K27ac Antibody validated in Dot Blot" /></center></div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 3. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H3K27. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:2,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />Western blot was performed on whole cell extracts (40 µg) from HeLa cells using the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016). The antibody was diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is shown on the right, the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016, red) diluted 1:1,000. Actin was stained with fluorescein phalladoin (green).</p>
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'description' => 'Histones are the main constituents of the protein part of chromosomes of eukaryotic cells. They are rich in the amino acids arginine and lysine and have been greatly conserved during evolution. Histones pack the DNA into tight masses of chromatin. Two core histones of each class H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assemble and are wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA to form one octameric nucleosome. Histone tails undergo numerous post-translational modifications, which either directly or indirectly alter chromatin structure to facilitate transcriptional activation or repression or other nuclear processes. In addition to the genetic code, combinations of the different histone modifications reveal the so-called "histone code". Histone methylation and demethylation is dynamically regulated by respectively histone methyl transferases and histone demethylases. Acetylation of histone H3K27 is associated with active genes.',
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<td>0.5 - 1 µg per IP</td>
<td>Fig 1</td>
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<td>1:2,000</td>
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<p><small>*Please note that the optimal antibody amount per IP should be determined by the end-user. We recommend testing 0.5 - 5 µg per IP.</small></p>',
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<p>Learn more about: <a href="https://www.diagenode.com/applications/western-blot">Loading control, MW marker visualization</a><em>. <br /></em></p>
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<p>Diagenode offers huge selection of highly sensitive antibodies validated in IF.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15200229-IF.jpg" alt="" height="245" width="256" /></p>
<p><sup><strong>Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against CRISPR/Cas9</strong></sup></p>
<p><sup>HeLa cells transfected with a Cas9 expression vector (left) or untransfected cells (right) were fixed in methanol at -20°C, permeabilized with acetone at -20°C and blocked with PBS containing 2% BSA. The cells were stained with the Cas9 C-terminal antibody (Cat. No. C15200229) diluted 1:400, followed by incubation with an anti-mouse secondary antibody coupled to AF488. The bottom images show counter-staining of the nuclei with Hoechst 33342.</sup></p>
<h5><sup>Check our selection of antibodies validated in IF.</sup></h5>',
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'description' => '<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">All Diagenode’s antibodies are listed below. Please, use our Quick search field to find the antibody of interest by target name, application, purity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
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<li>Highly sensitive and specific</li>
<li>Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</li>
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<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-6 large-6 columns"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410003-fig1-ChIP.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="315" /> </div>
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<p>Our aim at Diagenode is to offer the largest collection of highly specific <strong>ChIP-grade antibodies</strong>. We add new antibodies monthly. Find your ChIP-grade antibody in the list below and check more information about tested applications, extensive validation data, and product information.</p>',
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'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
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<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode provides leading solutions for epigenetic research. Because ChIP-seq is a widely-used technique, we validate our antibodies in ChIP and ChIP-seq experiments (in addition to conventional methods like Western blot, Dot blot, ELISA, and immunofluorescence) to provide the highest quality antibody. We standardize our validation and production to guarantee high product quality without technical bias. Diagenode guarantees ChIP-seq grade antibody performance under our suggested conditions.</span></p>
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<p><strong>ChIP-seq profile</strong> of active (H3K4me3 and H3K36me3) and inactive (H3K27me3) marks using Diagenode antibodies.</p>
<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/chip-seq-grade-antibodies.png" /></div>
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<p><small> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 100,000 K562 cells using iDeal ChIP-seq kit for Histones (cat. No. C01010051) with 1 µg of the Diagenode antibodies against H3K27me3 (cat. No. C15410195) and H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15410003), and 0.5 µg of the antibody against H3K36me3 (cat. No. C15410192). The IP'd DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. The figure shows the signal distribution along the complete sequence of human chromosome 3, a zoomin to a 10 Mb region and a further zoomin to a 1.5 Mb region. </small></p>
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<p>Satellite cells are myogenic precursor cells in adult skeletal muscle and play a crucial role in skeletal muscle regeneration, maintenance, and growth. Like embryonic myoblasts, satellite cells have the ability to proliferate, differentiate, and fuse to form multinucleated myofibers. In this study, we aimed to identify additional transcription factors that control gene expression during bovine satellite cell proliferation and differentiation.</p>
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<p>Satellite cell proliferation and differentiation are controlled by many transcription factors such as AP-1, TFAP4, NF-kB, and ZEB-1 whose roles in these processes were previously unknown in addition to those transcription factors such as MYF5 and MYOG whose roles in these processes are widely known.</p>',
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<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />ChIP was performed on HeLa cells using 0.5 µg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me2 (cat. No. C15410035). The IP'd DNA was analysed on an Illumina Hiseq. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 51 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the BWA algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb region of the human X-chromosome (figure 2A and 2B) and in 2 chromosomal regions surrounding the ACTB and GAPDH positive control genes (figure 2C and D, respectively).</p>
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<div class="small-4 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15210016-db.png" alt="H3K27ac Antibody validated in Dot Blot" /></center></div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 3. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H3K27. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:2,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<div class="small-4 columns"><center><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15210016-wb.png" alt="H3K27ac Antibody validated in Western blot" /></center></div>
<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />Western blot was performed on whole cell extracts (40 µg) from HeLa cells using the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016). The antibody was diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is shown on the right, the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<div class="small-8 columns">
<p><strong>Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016, red) diluted 1:1,000. Actin was stained with fluorescein phalladoin (green).</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 1. ChIP results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 500000 HeLa cells using 0.5 µg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15410003) as described above. The IP'd DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina NovaSeq. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 50 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the BWA algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 2 Mb region of the human X-chromosome (figure 2A and B) and in two regions surrounding the GAPDH and EIF4A2 positive control genes, respectively (figure 2C and D).</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 2. ChIP-seq results obtained with the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />ChIP was performed on HeLa cells using 0.5 µg of the Diagenode antibody against H3K4me2 (cat. No. C15410035). The IP'd DNA was analysed on an Illumina Hiseq. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 51 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the BWA algorithm. Figure 2 shows the peak distribution along the complete sequence and a 1.5 Mb region of the human X-chromosome (figure 2A and 2B) and in 2 chromosomal regions surrounding the ACTB and GAPDH positive control genes (figure 2C and D, respectively).</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 3. Cross reactivity tests using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />To test the cross reactivity of the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016), a Dot Blot analysis was performed with peptides containing other histone modifications and the unmodified H3K27. One hundred to 0.2 pmol of the respective peptides were spotted on a membrane. The antibody was used at a dilution of 1:2,000. Figure 3 shows a high specificity of the antibody for the modification of interest.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 4. Western blot analysis using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />Western blot was performed on whole cell extracts (40 µg) from HeLa cells using the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016). The antibody was diluted 1:1,000 in TBS-Tween containing 5% skimmed milk. The position of the protein of interest is shown on the right, the marker (in kDa) is shown on the left.</p>
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<p><strong>Figure 5. Immunofluorescence using the Diagenode monoclonal antibody directed against H3K27ac</strong><br />HeLa cells were stained with the Diagenode antibody against H3K27ac (cat. No. C15210016, red) diluted 1:1,000. Actin was stained with fluorescein phalladoin (green).</p>
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<div class="small-12 columns"><center></center>
<p><br />Chromatin immunoprecipitation (<b>ChIP</b>) is a technique to study the associations of proteins with the specific genomic regions in intact cells. One of the most important steps of this protocol is the immunoprecipitation of targeted protein using the antibody specifically recognizing it. The quality of antibodies used in ChIP is essential for the success of the experiment. Diagenode offers extensively validated ChIP-grade antibodies, confirmed for their specificity, and high level of performance in ChIP. Each batch is validated, and batch-specific data are available on the website.</p>
<p></p>
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<p><strong>ChIP results</strong> obtained with the antibody directed against H3K4me3 (Cat. No. <a href="../p/h3k4me3-polyclonal-antibody-premium-50-ug-50-ul">C15410003</a>). </p>
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<div class="small-12 medium-6 large-6 columns"><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/product/antibodies/C15410003-fig1-ChIP.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="315" /> </div>
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<p></p>
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<p>Our aim at Diagenode is to offer the largest collection of highly specific <strong>ChIP-grade antibodies</strong>. We add new antibodies monthly. Find your ChIP-grade antibody in the list below and check more information about tested applications, extensive validation data, and product information.</p>',
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'description' => '<p>Histones are the main protein components of chromatin involved in the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A <strong>nucleosome</strong> consists of one pair of each of the core histones (<strong>H2A</strong>, <strong>H2B</strong>, <strong>H3</strong> and <strong>H4</strong>) forming an octameric structure wrapped by 146 base pairs of DNA. The different nucleosomes are linked by the linker histone<strong> H1, </strong>allowing for further condensation of chromatin.</p>
<p>The core histones have a globular structure with large unstructured N-terminal tails protruding from the nucleosome. They can undergo to multiple post-translational modifications (PTM), mainly at the N-terminal tails. These <strong>post-translational modifications </strong>include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, citrullination, sumoylation, deamination and crotonylation. The most well characterized PTMs are <strong>methylation,</strong> <strong>acetylation and phosphorylation</strong>. Histone methylation occurs mainly on lysine (K) residues, which can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated, and on arginines (R), which can be mono-methylated and symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated. Histone acetylation occurs on lysines and histone phosphorylation mainly on serines (S), threonines (T) and tyrosines (Y).</p>
<p>The PTMs of the different residues are involved in numerous processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome condensation. They influence the chromatin organization and can be positively or negatively associated with gene expression. Trimethylation of H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79, and lysine acetylation generally result in an open chromatin configuration (figure below) and are therefore associated with <strong>euchromatin</strong> and gene activation. Trimethylation of H3K9, K3K27 and H4K20, on the other hand, is enriched in <strong>heterochromatin </strong>and associated with gene silencing. The combination of different histone modifications is called the "<strong>histone code</strong>”, analogous to the genetic code.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/histone-marks-illustration.png" /></p>
<p>Diagenode is proud to offer a large range of antibodies against histones and histone modifications. Our antibodies are highly specific and have been validated in many applications, including <strong>ChIP</strong> and <strong>ChIP-seq</strong>.</p>
<p>Diagenode’s collection includes antibodies recognizing:</p>
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<li><strong>Histone H1 variants</strong></li>
<li><strong>Histone H2A, H2A variants and histone H2A</strong> <strong>modifications</strong> (serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine ubiquitinylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H2B and H2B</strong> <strong>modifications </strong>(serine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation)</li>
<li><strong>Histone H3 and H3 modifications </strong>(lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, serine phosphorylation, threonine phosphorylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated, symmetrically and asymmetrically di-methylated))</li>
<li><strong>Histone H4 and H4 modifications (</strong>lysine methylation (mono-, di- and tri-methylated), lysine acetylation, arginine methylation (mono-methylated and symmetrically di-methylated), serine phosphorylation )</li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>HDAC's HAT's, HMT's and other</strong> <strong>enzymes</strong> which modify histones can be found in the category <a href="../categories/chromatin-modifying-proteins-histone-transferase">Histone modifying enzymes</a><br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</span></p>
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<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Highly sensitive and specific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Cost-effective (requires less antibody per reaction)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Batch-specific data is available on the website</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Expert technical support</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Sample sizes available</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> 100% satisfaction guarantee</span></li>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagenode provides leading solutions for epigenetic research. Because ChIP-seq is a widely-used technique, we validate our antibodies in ChIP and ChIP-seq experiments (in addition to conventional methods like Western blot, Dot blot, ELISA, and immunofluorescence) to provide the highest quality antibody. We standardize our validation and production to guarantee high product quality without technical bias. Diagenode guarantees ChIP-seq grade antibody performance under our suggested conditions.</span></p>
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<p><strong>ChIP-seq profile</strong> of active (H3K4me3 and H3K36me3) and inactive (H3K27me3) marks using Diagenode antibodies.</p>
<img src="https://www.diagenode.com/img/categories/antibodies/chip-seq-grade-antibodies.png" /></div>
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<p><small> ChIP was performed on sheared chromatin from 100,000 K562 cells using iDeal ChIP-seq kit for Histones (cat. No. C01010051) with 1 µg of the Diagenode antibodies against H3K27me3 (cat. No. C15410195) and H3K4me3 (cat. No. C15410003), and 0.5 µg of the antibody against H3K36me3 (cat. No. C15410192). The IP'd DNA was subsequently analysed on an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The 36 bp tags were aligned to the human genome using the ELAND algorithm. The figure shows the signal distribution along the complete sequence of human chromosome 3, a zoomin to a 10 Mb region and a further zoomin to a 1.5 Mb region. </small></p>
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<p>Diagenode’s highly validated antibodies:</p>
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'description' => '<p><em>Legionella pneumophila</em><span><span> </span>is a pathogen which can lead to a severe form of pneumonia in humans known as Legionnaires disease after replication in alveolar macrophages. Viable<span> </span></span><em>L. pneumophila</em><span><span> </span>actively secrete effector molecules to modulate the host’s immune response. Here, we report that<span> </span></span><em>L. pneumophila</em><span>-derived factors reprogram macrophages into a tolerogenic state, a process to which the C-type lectin receptor Mincle (CLEC4E) markedly contributes. The underlying epigenetic state is characterized by increases of the closing mark H3K9me3 and decreases of the opening mark H3K4me3, subsequently leading to the reduced secretion of the cytokines TNF, IL-6, IL-12, the production of reactive oxygen species, and cell-surface expression of MHC-II and CD80 upon re-stimulation. In summary, these findings provide important implications for our understanding of Legionellosis and the contribution of Mincle to reprogramming of macrophages by<span> </span></span><em>L. pneumophila</em><span>.</span></p>',
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<p>Satellite cells are myogenic precursor cells in adult skeletal muscle and play a crucial role in skeletal muscle regeneration, maintenance, and growth. Like embryonic myoblasts, satellite cells have the ability to proliferate, differentiate, and fuse to form multinucleated myofibers. In this study, we aimed to identify additional transcription factors that control gene expression during bovine satellite cell proliferation and differentiation.</p>
<h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Results</h3>
<p>Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing, we identified 56,973 and 54,470 genomic regions marked with both the histone modifications H3K4me1 and H3K27ac, which were considered active enhancers, and 50,956 and 59,174 genomic regions marked with H3K27me3, which were considered repressed enhancers, in proliferating and differentiating bovine satellite cells, respectively. In addition, we identified 1,216 and 1,171 super-enhancers in proliferating and differentiating bovine satellite cells, respectively. Analyzing these enhancers showed that in proliferating bovine satellite cells, active enhancers were associated with genes stimulating cell proliferation or inhibiting myoblast differentiation whereas repressed enhancers were associated with genes essential for myoblast differentiation, and that in differentiating satellite cells, active enhancers were associated with genes essential for myoblast differentiation or muscle contraction whereas repressed enhancers were associated with genes stimulating cell proliferation or inhibiting myoblast differentiation. Active enhancers in proliferating bovine satellite cells were enriched with binding sites for many transcription factors such as MYF5 and the AP-1 family transcription factors; active enhancers in differentiating bovine satellite cells were enriched with binding sites for many transcription factors such as MYOG and TFAP4; and repressed enhancers in both proliferating and differentiating bovine satellite cells were enriched with binding sites for NF-kB, ZEB-1, and several other transcription factors. The role of TFAP4 in satellite cell or myoblast differentiation was previously unknown, and through gene knockdown and overexpression, we experimentally validated a critical role for TFAP4 in the differentiation and fusion of bovine satellite cells into myofibers.</p>
<h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Conclusions</h3>
<p>Satellite cell proliferation and differentiation are controlled by many transcription factors such as AP-1, TFAP4, NF-kB, and ZEB-1 whose roles in these processes were previously unknown in addition to those transcription factors such as MYF5 and MYOG whose roles in these processes are widely known.</p>',
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'name' => 'Datasheet H3K27ac monoclonal antibody',
'description' => '<p><span>Monoclonal antibody raised in rabbit against the region of histone H3 containing the acetylated lysine 27 (H3K27ac), using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide.</span></p>',
'image_id' => null,
'type' => 'Datasheet',
'url' => 'files/products/antibodies/Datasheet_ H3K27ac_C15210016.pdf',
'slug' => 'datasheet-h3k27ac-C15210016',
'meta_keywords' => '',
'meta_description' => '',
'modified' => '2020-08-24 17:03:40',
'created' => '2020-08-24 17:03:40',
'ProductsDocument' => array(
'id' => '2911',
'product_id' => '3091',
'document_id' => '1092'
)
)
$sds = array(
'id' => '2498',
'name' => 'H3K27ac Antibody SDS BE nl',
'language' => 'nl',
'url' => 'files/SDS/H3K27ac/SDS-C15210016-H3K27ac_Antibody-BE-nl-GHS_1_0.pdf',
'countries' => 'BE',
'modified' => '2022-08-30 14:06:15',
'created' => '2022-08-30 14:06:15',
'ProductsSafetySheet' => array(
'id' => '4226',
'product_id' => '3091',
'safety_sheet_id' => '2498'
)
)
$publication = array(
'id' => '4239',
'name' => 'Epromoters function as a hub to recruit key transcription factorsrequired for the inflammatory response',
'authors' => 'Santiago-Algarra D. et al. ',
'description' => '<p>Gene expression is controlled by the involvement of gene-proximal (promoters) and distal (enhancers) regulatory elements. Our previous results demonstrated that a subset of gene promoters, termed Epromoters, work as bona fide enhancers and regulate distal gene expression. Here, we hypothesized that Epromoters play a key role in the coordination of rapid gene induction during the inflammatory response. Using a high-throughput reporter assay we explored the function of Epromoters in response to type I interferon. We find that clusters of IFNa-induced genes are frequently associated with Epromoters and that these regulatory elements preferentially recruit the STAT1/2 and IRF transcription factors and distally regulate the activation of interferon-response genes. Consistently, we identified and validated the involvement of Epromoter-containing clusters in the regulation of LPS-stimulated macrophages. Our findings suggest that Epromoters function as a local hub recruiting the key TFs required for coordinated regulation of gene clusters during the inflammatory response.</p>',
'date' => '2021-11-01',
'pmid' => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34795220',
'doi' => '10.1038/s41467-021-26861-0',
'modified' => '2022-05-19 17:10:30',
'created' => '2022-05-19 10:41:50',
'ProductsPublication' => array(
'id' => '5646',
'product_id' => '3091',
'publication_id' => '4239'
)
)
$externalLink = ' <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34795220" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></a>'include - APP/View/Products/view.ctp, line 755
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
ProductsController::slug() - APP/Controller/ProductsController.php, line 1052
ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ??
Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 491
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 193
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 118
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